Following are representations (in the
FT and
FCG notations) of most categories of
the Lifecycle Integration Schema
(ISO 15926-2:2003; below, the
abbreviation LIS is used), a
4D (or perdurantist) ontology.
The string "lis" is used as an identifier for this schema, and hence
"lis#" is used to prefix categories from this schema.
This integration to the default ontology of WebKB-2 is "loose" because
(i) not all of the LIS has been represented (e.g. "attributes" representing
the roles of the source or destination of a relationship have only been given
within comments),
(ii) some '~' links ('~' means "similar from an Information Retrieval
viewpoint") are used to connect types from the LIS (i.e. 4D types) to
counterpart types from a 3D (endurantist) approach or a ?D (vague/unspecified)
approach. (Currently, the only other use of the
'~' link is to connect categories (types or individuals) for Greek gods to their
Roman conterparts, e.g. between wn#Clotho and wn#Nona;
the meaning of the '~' link permits to use it to connect individuals as well
as types).
I wish to thank Matthew West for its answers to my questions about the LIS, and its current review of this "loose" integration. Some of the links I make below between some LIS types (4D types) and some types from 3D or ?D ontologies may be rejected by him in the near future (in which case, I will correct them or remove them).
In this file, LIS relationships are represented via relations and hence
relations on relations must be allowed. Declarations of types for relations on
relations have been isolated within
"if (with_relations_on_relations) {...}"
blocks to permit their possible exclusion by setting the variable
with_relations_on_relations to 0.
with_relations_on_relations:= true; //variable declaration and initialization
if ($with_relations_on_relations)
{ areTypesOfRelationOnRelationAllowed:= true; //allow types of relations on relations;
//warning: below, no "areTypesOfRelationOnRelationAllowed:= false;" //predef. vars in WebKB-2
}
Commands/representations are displayed in the courier font. They are enclosed within the XHTML marks <KR> and </KR> to permit WebKB-2 to distinguish them from regular text. They have already been parsed/loaded by WebKB-2; thus, you can click on the hyperlinked "lis#..." category identifiers (e.g. lis#thing) in order to browse the LIS ontology (note: for certain types, e.g. lis#thing, a GET parameter given in the hyperlinks restricts the depth of the displayed subtypes).
lis#thing (^anything that is or may be thought about or perceived; click here for details^)
< 4D#thing (pm), //"(pm)" means that the user "pm" created this supertype link
> {lis#possible_individual lis#abstract_object};
//note: " > {..}" denotes an open partition of exclusive subtypes
// " > {(...)}" denotes a complete (closed) partition of exclusive subtypes
//In this document, all subtype partitions are open but perhaps some or most
//should have been declared as closed.
In the FT and FCG notations, a category or a statement has some "attributes"
similar to those in LIS: identifier, creator, creation date.
However, information about why and when a category was deleted must be expressed
via statements, instead of via the LIS attributes "record_logically_deleted"
(with value an instance of
lis#representation_of_Gregorian_date_and_UTC_time) and "why_deleted"
(with value an instance of lis#class_of_information_representation).
[any pm#type, may be object of: (a #removal, time: a pm#time_measure,
purpose: a pm#situation)];
[any pm#description, may be object of: (a #removal, time: a pm#time_measure,
purpose: a pm#situation)];
lis#possible_individual (^something that exists in space and time; click here for details^)
< sumo#physical (pm), //it seems that sumo#physical is ?D, not 3D
> lis#activity lis#event
lis#actual_individual lis#physical_object lis#whole_life_individual
lis#arranged_individual lis#period_in_time;
lis#activity (^possible_individual that brings about change by causing the "event" that marks the "beginning", or the "event" that marks the "ending" of a possible_individual; click here for details^)
~ pm#process (pm);
lis#event (^possible_individual with zero extent in time; click here for details^)
> lis#point_in_time; //plus pm#event if it had been a 4D type
lis#point_in_time (^event that is the whole space extension with zero extent in time; click here for details^)
~ pm#time_measure (pm);
lis#actual_individual (^possible_individual that is a part of the space-time continuum that we inhabit; click here for details^)
~ pm#spatial_object (pm);
lis#physical_object (^possible_individual that is a distribution of matter, energy, or both; click here for details^)
~ pm#physical_entity (pm),
> lis#stream;
lis#arranged_individual (^possible_individual that has parts that play distinct roles with respect to the whole; click here for details^)
< pm#divisible_entity;
lis#abstract_object (^a thing that does not exist in space-time; click here for details^)
< sumo#abstract (pm), //sumo#abstract is assumed to be ?D, not 3D
> lis#class lis#multidimensional_object lis#relationship;
lis#class (^click here for details^)
< sumo#set_or_class (pm), //if sumo#set_or_class is ?D
> {lis#role_and_domain lis#cardinality} //these two are implicit in FT
{lis#class_of_individual lis#class_of_abstract_object};
lis#role_and_domain (^click here for details^)
> lis#participating_role_and_domain lis#role;
lis#class_of_abstract_object (^click here for details^)
m lis#abstract_object, //i.e. members are instance of lis#abstract_object
> lis#class_of_class lis#class_of_relationship
lis#class_of_multidimensional_object;
lis#multidimensional_object (^ordered list of thing; click here for details^)
< kif#list (pm), //or may be '=' instead of '<'
> {lis#multidimensional_property_space lis#multidimensional_number
lis#multidimensional_property lis#multidimensional_number_space
lis#multidimensional_scale},
M lis#class_of_multidimensional_object, //'M' is the reverse link of 'm'
m lis#thing [1..*,*]; //at least 1 member
lis#class_of_individual (^click here for details^)
m lis#possible_individual,
> {lis#class_of_event lis#class_of_arranged_individual lis#property
lis#status lis#class_of_period_in_time lis#individual_dimension}
lis#participating_role_and_domain;
lis#class_of_arranged_individual (^members are an arrangement of components; click here for details^)
m lis#arranged_individual,
> {lis#class_of_atom lis#phase lis#class_of_biological_matter
lis#class_of_functional_object lis#class_of_compound
lis#class_of_molecule lis#class_of_composite_material
lis#crystalline_structure lis#class_of_sub_atomic_particle
lis#class_of_information_presentation
lis#class_of_information_representation
lis#class_of_particulate_material}
lis#class_of_organization lis#class_of_activity
lis#class_of_information_object lis#class_of_feature
{lis#class_of_organism lis#class_of_inanimate_physical_object};
lis#class_of_information_representation (^click here for details^)
> {lis#class_of_EXPRESS_information_representation
lis#representation_of_Gregorian_date_and_UTC_time};
lis#class_of_EXPRESS_information_representation (^click here for details^)
> {lis#string lis#integer lis#real lis#logical
lis#Boolean lis#binary};
lis#representation_of_Gregorian_date_and_UTC_time (^click here for details^);
//"p #year;" is incorrect, "p pm#representation_of_year;" would be correct
lis#property (^click here for details^)
> lis#shape lis#multidimensional_property;
lis#class_of_class (^click here for details^)
m lis#class,
> {lis#class_of_class_of_individual lis#class_of_number
lis#class_of_class_of_relationship
lis#arithmetic_number lis#class_of_property_space
lis#class_of_shape_dimension} lis#enumerated_set_of_class;
lis#class_of_class_of_individual (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_individual,
> {lis#class_of_class_of_information_representation
lis#class_of_property lis#class_of_status lis#shape_dimension};
lis#class_of_class_of_information_representation (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_information_representation,
> {lis#representation_form lis#language lis#document_definition};
lis#class_of_property (^click here for details^)
m lis#property,
> {lis#property_space lis#enumerated_property_set};
lis#property_space (^click here for details^)
> lis#class_of_shape lis#property_range
lis#single_property_dimension lis#multidimensional_property_space;
lis#class_of_number (^click here for details^)
m lis#arithmetic_number,
> {lis#number_space lis#enumerated_number_set};
lis#number_space (^click here for details^)
> {lis#number_range lis#multidimensional_number_space};
lis#arithmetic_number (^click here for details^)
> {lis#real_number lis#integer_number lis#multidimensional_number};
lis#relationship (?,?) (^indicates something that one thing has to do with another; click here for details^)
< pm#relation_with_particular_property (pm),
> {lis#composition_of_individual lis#cause_of_event lis#relative_location
lis#connection_of_individual lis#individual_used_in_connection
lis#lifecycle_stage lis#involvement_by_reference lis#specialization
lis#other_relationship lis#classification
lis#class_of_relationship_with_signature lis#intended_role_and_domain
lis#possible_role_and_domain lis#representation_of_thing
lis#usage_of_representation lis#responsibility_for_representation
lis#approval lis#comparison_of_property lis#functional_mapping
lis#recognition lis#indirect_property lis#temporal_sequence};
lis#composition_of_individual
(/*part*/lis#possible_individual,
/*whole*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
> {lis#arrangement_of_individual lis#temporal_whole_part lis#participation
lis#temporal_bounding};
lis#arrangement_of_individual
(/*part*/lis#possible_individual,
/*whole*/lis#arranged_individual [1..*]) (^click here for details^)
~ pm#part_of (pm), //not ~ pm#member_of
> {lis#assembly_of_individual lis#feature_whole_part};
lis#participation
(/*part*/lis#possible_individual,
/*whole*/lis#activity [1..*]) (^click here for details^)
~ pm#relation_to_situation (pm);
lis#temporal_bounding
(/*part*/lis#event [1..*],
/*whole*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
> {lis#ending lis#beginning};
//the following is tempting but incorrect:
// lis#beginning > pm#from_time pm#before_situation;
// lis#ending > pm#until_time pm#later_situation;
lis#cause_of_event
(/*caused*/lis#event [1..*],
/*causer*/lis#activity [1..*]) (^click here for details^)
~ pm#cause (pm); //would be "< pm#cause" if we had "lis#event = pm#event"
lis#relative_location
(/*located*/lis#possible_individual,
/*locator*/lis#possible_individual [1..*]) (^indicates that the position of one possible_individual is relative to another; click here for details^)
~ pm#location (pm);
lis#connection_of_individual
(/*side_1*/lis#possible_individual,
/*side_2*/lis#possible_individual [1..*]) (^click here for details^)
> {lis#direct_connection lis#indirect_connection},
~ pm#location (pm);
if ($with_relations_on_relations)
lis#individual_used_in_connection
(/*connection*/lis#connection_of_individual,
/*usage*/lis#possible_individual [1..*])
(^click here for details^);
lis#involvement_by_reference
(/*involved*/lis#thing,
/*involver*/lis#activity [1..*]) (^click here for details^)
~ pm#relation_to_situation (pm);
lis#specialization
(/*subclass*/lis#class,
/*superclass*/lis#class) (^click here for details^)
> {lis#specialization_by_domain lis#specialization_by_role
lis#boundary_of_property_space
lis#specialization_of_individual_dimension_from_property
lis#boundary_of_number_space},
~ pm#supertype;
lis#specialization_by_domain
(/*subclass*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*superclass*/lis#class) (^click here for details^);
lis#specialization_by_role
(/*subclass*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*superclass*/lis#role) (^click here for details^);
lis#boundary_of_property_space
(/*subclass*/lis#property_space,
/*superclass*/lis#property_space) (^click here for details^);
lis#specialization_of_individual_dimension_from_property
(/*subclass*/lis#individual_dimension,
/*superclass*/lis#property) (^click here for details^);
lis#boundary_of_number_space
(/*subclass*/lis#number_space,
/*superclass*/lis#number_space) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_relationship_with_signature
(/*optional class_of_end_1*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*optional class_of_end_2*/lis#role_and_domain) (^click here for details^);
lis#intended_role_and_domain
(/*played*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*player*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#possible_role_and_domain
(/*played*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*player*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#representation_of_thing
(/*represented*/lis#thing,
/*sign*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
if ($with_relations_on_relations)
{ lis#usage_of_representation
(/*used*/lis#representation_of_thing,
/*user*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#responsibility_for_representation
(/*controlled*/lis#representation_of_thing,
/*controller*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#approval
(/*approved*/lis#relationship,
/*approver*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
}
lis#comparison_of_property
(/*greater_element*/lis#property,
/*lesser_element*/lis#property) (^click here for details^);
lis#functional_mapping
(/*input*/lis#thing,
/*result*/lis#thing) (^click here for details^);
lis#recognition
(/*recognized*/lis#thing,
/*recognizing*/lis#activity) (^click here for details^);
lis#indirect_property
(/*possessor*/lis#possible_individual,
/*property*/lis#property) (^click here for details^);
lis#temporal_sequence
(/*predecessor*/lis#possible_individual,
/*successor*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_relationship (*) (^click here for details^)
< pm#relation_with_particular_property (pm),
m lis#relationship (pm),
> {lis#class_of_composition_of_individual lis#class_of_connection_of_individual
lis#class_of_classification lis#class_of_representation_translation
lis#class_of_usage_of_representation
lis#class_of_responsibility_for_representation lis#class_of_lifecycle_stage
lis#class_of_assertion lis#class_of_individual_used_in_connection
lis#class_of_approval lis#class_of_possible_role_and_domain
lis#class_of_involvement_by_reference
lis#class_of_relationship_with_signature lis#class_of_specialization
lis#class_of_intended_role_and_domain lis#class_of_approval_by_status
lis#class_of_representation_of_thing lis#class_of_relative_location
lis#class_of_functional_mapping lis#class_of_recognition
lis#class_of_indirect_property
lis#class_of_cause_of_beginning_of_class_of_individual
lis#dimension_of_individual lis#property_for_shape_dimension
lis#class_of_temporal_sequence
lis#class_of_cause_of_ending_of_class_of_individual}
{lis#class_of_relationship_with_related_end_1
lis#class_of_relationship_with_related_end_2};
lis#class_of_composition_of_individual
(/*class_of_part*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#composition_of_individual,
> {lis#class_of_arrangement_of_individual lis#class_of_temporal_whole_part
lis#class_of_participation};
lis#class_of_arrangement_of_individual
(/*class_of_part*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_arranged_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#arrangement_of_individual,
> {lis#class_of_feature_whole_part lis#class_of_assembly_of_individual
lis#namespace};
lis#namespace
(/*class_of_part*/lis#class_of_information_representation,
/*class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_information_representation) (^click here for details^)
> {lis#right_namespace lis#left_namespace};
lis#class_of_participation
(/*class_of_part*/lis#participating_role_and_domain,
/*class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_activity) (^click here for details^)
m lis#participation;
lis#class_of_connection_of_individual
(/*class_of_side_1*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_side_2*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#connection_of_individual,
> {lis#class_of_direct_connection lis#class_of_indirect_connection};
lis#class_of_classification
(/*class_of_classified*/lis#class,
/*class_of_classifier*/lis#class_of_class) (^click here for details^)
m lis#classification;
lis#class_of_representation_translation
(/*class_of_first*/lis#class_of_information_representation,
/*class_of_second*/lis#class_of_information_representation) (^click here for details^);
if ($with_relations_on_relations)
{ lis#class_of_usage_of_representation
(/*class_of_used*/lis#class_of_representation_of_thing,
/*user*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#usage_of_representation;
lis#class_of_responsibility_for_representation
(/*class_of_controlled*/lis#class_of_representation_of_thing,
/*controller*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#responsibility_for_representation;
lis#class_of_individual_used_in_connection
(/*class_of_connection*/lis#class_of_connection_of_individual,
/*class_of_usage*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#individual_used_in_connection;
lis#class_of_approval
(/*class_of_approved*/lis#class_of_relationship,
/*class_of_approver*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^);
}
lis#class_of_possible_role_and_domain
(/*class_of_player*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*played*/lis#role_and_domain) (^click here for details^)
m lis#possible_role_and_domain;
lis#class_of_involvement_by_reference
(/*class_of_involved*/lis#role_and_domain,
/*class_of_involver*/lis#class_of_activity) (^click here for details^)
m lis#involvement_by_reference;
lis#class_of_specialization
(/*class_of_subclass*/lis#class_of_class,
/*class_of_superclass */lis#class_of_class) (^click here for details^)
m lis#specialization;
lis#class_of_intended_role_and_domain
(/*class_of_player*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*played*/lis#role_and_domain) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_representation_of_thing
(/*pattern*/lis#class_of_information_representation,
/*represented*/lis#thing) (^click here for details^)
m lis#representation_of_thing;
lis#class_of_relative_location
(/*class_of_located*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_locator*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#relative_location;
lis#class_of_functional_mapping
(/*codomain*/lis#class, /*domain*/lis#class) (^click here for details^)
m lis#functional_mapping;
lis#class_of_recognition
(/*class_of_recognized*/lis#class,
/*class_of_recognizing*/lis#class_of_activity) (^click here for details^)
m lis#recognition;
lis#class_of_indirect_property
(/*class_of_possessor*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*property_space*/lis#property_space) (^click here for details^)
m lis#indirect_property;
lis#class_of_cause_of_beginning_of_class_of_individual
(/*class_of_begun*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_causer*/lis#class_of_activity) (^click here for details^);
lis#dimension_of_individual
(/*individual*/lis#possible_individual,
/*individual_dimension*/lis#individual_dimension) (^click here for details^);
lis#property_for_shape_dimension
(/*property*/lis#property,
/*shape_dimension*/lis#shape_dimension) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_temporal_sequence
(/*class_of_predecessor*/lis#class_of_individual,
/*class_of_successor*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#temporal_sequence;
lis#class_of_cause_of_ending_of_class_of_individual
(/*class_of_causer*/lis#class_of_activity,
/*class_of_ended*/lis#class_of_individual) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_relationship_with_related_end_1
(/*related*/lis#thing) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_relationship_with_related_end_2
(/*related*/lis#thing) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_class_of_relationship (?,?) (^click here for details^)
< pm#relation_with_particular_property (pm),
m lis#class_of_relationship,
> {lis#class_of_class_of_usage_of_representation
lis#class_of_class_of_responsibility_for_representation
lis#class_of_class_of_representation_translation
lis#class_of_class_of_relationship_with_signature
lis#class_of_class_of_representation
lis#class_of_dimension_for_shape lis#class_of_class_of_composition
lis#property_space_for_class_of_shape_dimension lis#class_of_scale
lis#class_of_namespace lis#dimension_of_shape};
if ($with_relations_on_relations)
{ lis#class_of_class_of_usage_of_representation
(/*class_of_class_of_used*/lis#class_of_class_of_representation,
/*user*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_usage_of_representation;
lis#class_of_class_of_responsibility_for_representation
(/*class_of_class_of_controlled*/lis#class_of_class_of_representation,
/*controller*/lis#possible_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_responsibility_for_representation;
lis#class_of_class_of_representation_translation
(/*class_of_first*/lis#class_of_class_of_representation,
/*class_of_second*/lis#class_of_class_of_representation) (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_representation_translation;
lis#class_of_class_of_representation
(/*class_of_pattern*/lis#class_of_class_of_representation,
/*class_of_represented*/lis#class) (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_representation_of_thing;
}
lis#class_of_dimension_for_shape
(/*class_of_dimension*/lis#class_of_shape_dimension,
/*class_of_shape*/lis#class_of_shape) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_class_of_composition
(/*class_of_class_of_part*/lis#class_of_class_of_individual,
/*class_of_class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_class_of_individual) (^click here for details^)
m lis#class_of_composition_of_individual;
lis#property_space_for_class_of_shape_dimension
(/*class_of_shape_dimension*/lis#class_of_shape_dimension,
/*property_space*/lis#property_space) (^click here for details^);
lis#class_of_namespace
(/*class_of_class_of_whole*/lis#class_of_class_of_information_representation,
/*class_of_part*/lis#class_of_information_representation) (^click here for details^);
lis#dimension_of_shape
(/*dimension*/lis#shape_dimension,
/*shape*/lis#shape) (^click here for details^)
m lis#namespace;