Classification of the ACM

Dr Ph. MARTIN, October 2008

This file represents the ACM classification of domains in computer technologies (as described in this RDF+OWL/XML source file) in a concise textual format (the FL notation) and according to good design principles for representing domains.

This implied converting the domain categories of this classification into domain individuals and connecting them with subdomain relations (alias ">part" relations) instead of subtype relations.
This also implied connecting them to related categories in other ontologies, in particular domain individuals (using subdomain relations; 5 so far) and other categories (using core_domain_object relations).
I did this work for (i) 16 general terms that are officially applied to many of the 11 branches of the ACM classification (Algorithms, Design, Documentation, Economics, Experimentation, Human Factors, Languages, Legal Aspects, Management, Measurement, Performance, Reliability, Security, Standardization, Theory, Verification), and (ii) 25 other terms which appear to have also been applied but which are not in the previous list (method, development, simulation, evaluation, optimization, analysis, synthesis, communication, education, application, benchmarking, testing, organization, logic, style, tool, hardware, software, architecture, semantic, issue, quality_assurance, biography, file, database).
Finally, I also made certain category names (some of the "labels") more intuitive, that is, understandable without having to read the parent category. (Note: "labels" are not the names after the "___" separator in thelist of names decalred for each category; the first name, which is before the "___" separator is a key name and is always used in an identifier of a category).

This file (or, more precisely, the representations within this file) has already been loaded in the knowledge base of WebKB-2. Hence, these representations can be queried, navigated and complemented by anyone using WebKB-2 (begin by clicking on the hyperlinked categories in the code below, then click on the displayed relations if you want to get their transitive closures).


Table of contents

Preliminary categories
A. General Literature
B. Hardware
C. Computer Systems Organization
D. Software
E. Data
F. Theory of Computation
G. Mathematics of Computing
H. Information Systems
I. Computing Methodologies
J. Computer Applications
K. Computing Milieux


Preliminary categories

user acm;  //"acm" is the default author of the relations below
isUnprefixedIdentsAllowed:= true; 
default creator: acm pm;  //"acm#" is the default prefix
                          //pm is the author of the unprefixed relation names below
                          //Note: WordNet categories are prefixed by "#" instead of "wn#"


field_of_study_in_the_ACM_classification
  instance of: #field_of_study,
  subdomain of: #computer_science,
  subdomain:  ACM_domains_from_the_hierarchy_with_the_A_to_K_categories_at_the_top
              ACM_domains_from_an_hierarchy_with_general_terms_at_the_top;

   ACM_domains_from_the_hierarchy_with_the_A_to_K_categories_at_the_top
       (^A formal merge of the classic ACM hierarchies with the A to K categories at the top, e.g., the 1998 ACM hierarchy ^)
     subdomain:  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K;

  //--- the following types were not in the RDF+OWL/XML source file 
  //The types begining by ACM_ are unofficial, the other types come from the
  //  list of the 16 general terms used by ACM in most of the branches.
  //"core_domain_object of" connects an object to one of the many domains that study this object.
  //"core_domain_object" is the inverse of "core_domain_object of".

   ACM_domains_from_an_hierarchy_with_general_terms_at_the_top
       (^hierarchy based on 41 general terms, including the officially listed 16 general terms ^)
     subdomain:  ACM_situation_related_domain  ACM_entity_related_domain;

      ACM_situation_related_domain
        subdomain:  ACM_state_related_domain  ACM_process_related_domain;  //not exclusive

         ACM_state_related_domain
           subdomain: Security; 

            Security  core_domain_object: #security,
              subdomain: Reliability;

               Reliability  core_domain_object: #dependability,
                subdomain: Verification; //developped below

         ACM_process_related_domain
           subdomain:  Design  Experimentation  Management  Measurement  Performance  Standardization
                       Verification  //note: a subdomain of Verification is Reliability
                       ACM_Recovery  ACM_method  ACM_simulation  ACM_evaluation ACM_development
                       ACM_optimization  ACM_analysis  ACM_synthesis
                       ACM_communication  ACM_education  ACM_application;

            Design  core_domain_object:  #designing  #design,
                    subdomain: ACM_Redundant_design  ACM_model;  //ACM_model is developped below
            Experimentation  core_domain_object:  #experiment.scientific_research;
            Management  core_domain_object:  #management,
                        subdomain: Economics; 
              Economics  core_domain_object:  #economics;
            Measurement  core_domain_object: #measurement;
            Performance  core_domain_object: #functioning;
            Standardization  core_domain_object: #standardization;

            Verification 
              subdomain:  ACM_benchmarking  ACM_testing  ACM_Error-checking;

              ACM_benchmarking  core_domain_object:  #benchmark;

              ACM_testing
                core_domain_object: #test #testing is#testing,
                subdomain: ACM_diagnostics  ACM_Built-in_tests  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance;

                 ACM_diagnostics  core_domain_object: #diagnostic_test  #diagnosis;

            ACM_Recovery  core_domain_object: #recovery.deed;
            ACM_evaluation  core_domain_object:  #valuation;
            ACM_simulation  core_domain_object:  #computer_simulation;

            ACM_development 
              core_domain_object:  #development  #effectuation,
              subdomain: ACM_Reengineering  ACM_life_cycle;
            ACM_method 
              core_domain_object:  #method,
              subdomain: Algorithms  Languages
                         ACM_statistical_method  ACM_tool; //developped below
            ACM_optimization  core_domain_object:  #optimization;
            ACM_analysis
              core_domain_object:  #analysis,
              subdomain:  ACM_Worst-case_analysis;
            ACM_synthesis  core_domain_object: #synthesis; 
            ACM_communication  core_domain_object:  #communicating  #communication;
            ACM_education  core_domain_object:  #educational_activity  #education;
            ACM_application  core_domain_object: #practical_application;

      ACM_entity_related_domain
        subdomain:  ACM_description_content_related_domain
                    ACM_description_container_related_domain
                    ACM_hardware  ACM_organization;

         ACM_description_content_related_domain 
           subdomain:  Theory  Algorithms  Languages  Documentation  Human_Factors  Legal_Aspects
                       ACM_logic  ACM_style  ACM_tool  //ACM_life_cycle
                       ACM_architecture  ACM_semantic
                       ACM_issue  ACM_quality_assurance  ACM_biography;

            Theory  core_domain_object:  #theory,
                    subdomain:  ACM_model;
               ACM_model  core_domain_object:  #model.representation  #modelling;
            Algorithms  core_domain_object:  #algorithm;  
            Languages  core_domain_object: lis#language;
            Documentation  core_domain_object:  documentation;
            Human_Factors core_domain_object:  human_factor;
            Legal_Aspects  core_domain_object: legal_aspect;
            ACM_logic  core_domain_object:  #system_of_logic;
            ACM_style  core_domain_object:  #manner.property;      //ACM_ergonomics
            ACM_tool  core_domain_object:  tool,
                      subdomain: ACM_software;
              ACM_software  core_domain_object: #software;
            ACM_architecture  core_domain_object: #computer_architecture.structure;
            ACM_semantic  core_domain_object:  #semantics;
            ACM_issue  core_domain_object:  #issue;
            ACM_quality_assurance  core_domain_object: is#quality_assurance;
            ACM_biography  core_domain_object:  #biography;

         ACM_description_container_related_domain 
           subdomain:  ACM_file  ACM_database;

            ACM_file  core_domain_object:  #file;
            ACM_database  core_domain_object:  #database,
                          subdomain of: is#database_management_science;
         ACM_hardware  core_domain_object: #computer_hardware (pm);

         ACM_organization  core_domain_object: #organisation; //different from #organization with a 'z'


A. General Literature

   A___General_Literature
     subdomain:  A.0  A.1  A.2  A.m;

      A.0___General_Literature_GENERAL
        subdomain:  A.0.0  A.0.1  A.0.2;

         A.0.0___Biographies/autobiographies
           subdomain of:  ACM_biography;

         A.0.1___Conference_proceedings;

         A.0.2___General_literary_works;

      A.1___General_Literature_INTRODUCTORY_AND_SURVEY;

      A.2___General_Literature_REFERENCE;

      A.m___General_Literature_MISCELLANEOUS;


B. Hardware

   B___Hardware
     subdomain:  B.0  B.1  B.2  B.3  B.4  B.5  B.6  B.7  B.8  B.m,
     subdomain of: ACM_hardware (pm);

      B.0___Hardware_GENERAL;

      B.1___Hardware_CONTROL_STRUCTURES_AND_MICROPROGRAMMING  (^See also acm#D.3.2.^)
        subdomain:  B.1.0  B.1.1  B.1.2  B.1.3  B.1.4  B.1.5  B.1.m;

         B.1.0___Hardware_CONTROL_STRUCTURES_AND_MICROPROGRAMMING_General;

         B.1.1___Hardware_CONTROL_STRUCTURES_AND_MICROPROGRAMMING_Control_Design_Styles
           subdomain:  B.1.1.0  B.1.1.1  B.1.1.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_style (pm);

            B.1.1.0___Hardwired_control
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.1.1___Microprogrammed_logic_arrays
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.1.2___Hardware_Microprogramming_Writable_control_store
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.1.2___Hardware_Control_Structure_Performance_Analysis_and_Design_Aids
           subdomain:  B.1.2.0  B.1.2.1  B.1.2.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Performance (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            B.1.2.0___Hardware_Control_Structure_Automatic_synthesis
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.2.1___Hardware_Control_Structure_Formal_models
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            B.1.2.2___Hardware_Control_Structure_Simulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

         B.1.3___Hardware_Control_Structure_Reliability_-_Testing_-_and_Fault-Tolerance
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.1.3.0  B.1.3.1  B.1.3.2  B.1.3.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.1.3.0___Hardware_Control_Structure_Diagnostics
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_diagnostics (pm);

            B.1.3.1___Hardware_Control_Structure_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.1.3.2___Hardware_Control_Structure_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.1.3.3___Hardware_Control_Structure_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.1.4___Hardware_Microprogram_Design_Aids  (^See also acm#D.2.2, acm#D.2.4, acm#D.3.2, acm#D.3.4.^)
           subdomain:  B.1.4.0  B.1.4.1  B.1.4.2  B.1.4.3  B.1.4.4,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            B.1.4.0___Hardware_Microprogram_Firmware_engineering
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.4.1___Hardware_Microprogram_Languages_and_compilers
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            B.1.4.2___Hardware_Microprogram_Machine-independent_microcode_generation
           
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.4.3___Hardware_Microprogram_Optimization
              subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

            B.1.4.4___Hardware_Microprogram_Verification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         B.1.5___Hardware_Microcode_Applications
           subdomain:  B.1.5.0  B.1.5.1  B.1.5.2  B.1.5.3  B.1.5.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            B.1.5.0___Hardware_Microcode__Direct_data_manipulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.5.1___Firmware_Microcode__support_of_operating_systems/instruction_sets
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.5.2___Hardware_Microcode__Instruction_set_interpretation;

            B.1.5.3___Hardware_Microcode__Peripheral_control
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.1.5.4___Hardware_Microcode__Special-purpose
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.1.m___Hardware_CONTROL_STRUCTURES_AND_MICROPROGRAMMING_Miscellaneous;

      B.2___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES
        subdomain:  B.2.0  B.2.1  B.2.2  B.2.3  B.2.4  B.2.m;

         B.2.0___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_General;

         B.2.1___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Design_Styles  (^See also acm#C.1.1, acm#C.1.2.^)
           subdomain:  B.2.1.0  B.2.1.1  B.2.1.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_style (pm);

            B.2.1.0___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Calculator
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.2.1.1___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Parallel;

            B.2.1.2___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Pipeline;

         B.2.2___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Performance_Analysis_and_Design_Aids
            (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.2.2.0  B.2.2.1  B.2.2.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Performance (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            B.2.2.0___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Simulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.2.2.1___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Verification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

            B.2.2.2___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Worst-case_analysis
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Worst-case_analysis (pm);

         B.2.3___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Reliability_-_Testing_-_and_Fault-Tolerance
            (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.2.3.0  B.2.3.1  B.2.3.2  B.2.3.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.2.3.0___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Diagnostics
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_diagnostics (pm);

            B.2.3.1___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.2.3.2___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.2.3.3___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.2.4___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_High-Speed_Arithmetic
           subdomain:  B.2.4.0  B.2.4.1;

            B.2.4.0___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_High-Speed_Arithmetic_Algorithms
              subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            B.2.4.1___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_High-Speed_Arithmetic_Cost/performance
              subdomain of: Performance (pm);

         B.2.m___Hardware_ARITHMETIC_AND_LOGIC_STRUCTURES_Miscellaneous;

      B.3___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES
        subdomain:  B.3.0  B.3.1  B.3.2  B.3.3  B.3.4  B.3.m;

         B.3.0___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_General;

         B.3.1___Semiconductor_Memories.hardware  (^See also acm#B.7.1.^)
           subdomain:  B.3.1.0  B.3.1.1  B.3.1.2;

            B.3.1.0___Dynamic_memory.hardware;

            B.3.1.1___Read-only_memory.hardware;

            B.3.1.2___Static_memory.hardware;

         B.3.2___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Design_Styles  (^See also acm#D.4.2.^)
           subdomain:  B.3.2.0  B.3.2.1  B.3.2.2  B.3.2.3  B.3.2.4  B.3.2.5  B.3.2.6  B.3.2.7,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_style (pm);

            B.3.2.0___Associative_memories.hardware;

            B.3.2.1___Cache_memories.hardware;

            B.3.2.2___Interleaved_memories.hardware
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.3.2.3___Mass_storage.hardware;

            B.3.2.4___Primary_memory.hardware;

            B.3.2.5___Sequential-access_memory
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.3.2.6___Shared_memory.hardware;

            B.3.2.7___Virtual_memory.hardware;

         B.3.3___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Performance_Analysis_and_Design_Aids
            (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8, acm#C.4.^)
           subdomain:  B.3.3.0  B.3.3.1  B.3.3.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Performance (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            B.3.3.0___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Formal_models
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            B.3.3.1___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Simulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.3.3.2___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Worst-case_analysis
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Worst-case_analysis (pm);

         B.3.4___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Reliability_-_Testing_-_and_Fault-Tolerance
            (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.3.4.0  B.3.4.1  B.3.4.2  B.3.4.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.3.4.0___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Diagnostics
              (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_diagnostics (pm);

            B.3.4.1___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Error-checking
              (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.3.4.2___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.3.4.3___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.3.m___Hardware_MEMORY_STRUCTURES_Miscellaneous;

      B.4___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS
        subdomain:  B.4.0  B.4.1  B.4.2  B.4.3  B.4.4  B.4.5  B.4.m;

         B.4.0___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_General;

         B.4.1___Hardware_Data_Communications_Devices
           subdomain:  B.4.1.0  B.4.1.1  B.4.1.2;

            B.4.1.0___Processors.hardware_data_communications_devices
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.4.1.1___Receivers.hardware_data_communications_devices
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.4.1.2___Transmitters.hardware_data_communications_devices
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.4.2___Hardware_Input/Output_Devices
           subdomain:  B.4.2.0  B.4.2.1  B.4.2.2  B.4.2.3;

            B.4.2.0___Hardware_Channels_and_controllers;

            B.4.2.1___Hardware_Data_terminals_and_printers;

            B.4.2.2___Hardware_Image_display;

            B.4.2.3___Hardware_Input/Output_Voice_Device;

         B.4.3___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Interconnections
           subdomain:  B.4.3.0  B.4.3.1  B.4.3.2  B.4.3.3  B.4.3.4  B.4.3.5;

            B.4.3.0___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Asynchronous/synchronous_operation;

            B.4.3.1___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Fiber_optics;

            B.4.3.2___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Interfaces;

            B.4.3.3___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Parallel_I/O;

            B.4.3.4___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Physical_structures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.4.3.5___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Topology;

         B.4.4___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Performance_Analysis_and_Design_Aids
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.4.4.0  B.4.4.1  B.4.4.2  B.4.4.3,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Performance (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            B.4.4.0___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Formal_models
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            B.4.4.1___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Simulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.4.4.2___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Verification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

            B.4.4.3___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Worst-case_analysis
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Worst-case_analysis (pm);

         B.4.5___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Reliability_-_Testing_-_and_Fault-Tolerance
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.4.5.0  B.4.5.1  B.4.5.2  B.4.5.3  B.4.5.4  B.4.5.5,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.4.5.0___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Built-in_tests
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: ACM_Built-in_tests (pm);

            B.4.5.1___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Diagnostics
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_diagnostics (pm);

            B.4.5.2___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.4.5.3___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Hardware_reliability
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.4.5.4___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.4.5.5___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.4.m___Hardware_INPUT/OUTPUT_AND_DATA_COMMUNICATIONS_Miscellaneous;

      B.5___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION
        subdomain:  B.5.0  B.5.1  B.5.2  B.5.3  B.5.m;

         B.5.0___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_General;

         B.5.1___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Design
           subdomain:  B.5.1.0  B.5.1.1  B.5.1.2  B.5.1.3  B.5.1.4,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            B.5.1.0___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Arithmetic_and_logic_units;

            B.5.1.1___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Control_design;

            B.5.1.2___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Data-path_design;

            B.5.1.3___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Memory_design;

            B.5.1.4___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Styles
              subdomain of:  ACM_style (pm);

         B.5.2___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Design_Aids
           subdomain:  B.5.2.0  B.5.2.1  B.5.2.2  B.5.2.3  B.5.2.4,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            B.5.2.0___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Automatic_synthesis;

            B.5.2.1___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Hardware_description_languages
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            B.5.2.2___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Optimization
              subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

            B.5.2.3___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Simulation
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.5.2.4___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         B.5.3___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Reliability_and_Testing
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.5.3.0  B.5.3.1  B.5.3.2  B.5.3.3  B.5.3.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.5.3.0___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Built-in_tests
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: ACM_Built-in_tests (pm);

            B.5.3.1___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.5.3.2___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.5.3.3___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.5.3.4___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Testability
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.5.m___Hardware_REGISTER-TRANSFER-LEVEL_IMPLEMENTATION_Miscellaneous;

      B.6___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN
        subdomain:  B.6.0  B.6.1  B.6.2  B.6.3  B.6.m,
        subdomain of:  Design (pm);

         B.6.0___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_General;

         B.6.1___Design_Styles
           subdomain:  B.6.1.0  B.6.1.1  B.6.1.2  B.6.1.3  B.6.1.4  B.6.1.5  B.6.1.6,
           subdomain of:  ACM_style (pm);

            B.6.1.0___Cellular_arrays_and_automata.hardware_logic_design;

            B.6.1.1___Combinational_logic.hardware_logic_design;

            B.6.1.2___Logic_arrays.hardware_logic_design;

            B.6.1.3___Memory_control_and_access.hardware_logic_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.6.1.4___Memory_used_as_logic.hardware_logic_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.6.1.5___Parallel_circuits.hardware_logic_design;

            B.6.1.6___Sequential_circuits.hardware_logic_design;

         B.6.2___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Reliability_and_Testing
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.6.2.0  B.6.2.1  B.6.2.2  B.6.2.3  B.6.2.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.6.2.0___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Built-in_tests
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: ACM_Built-in_tests (pm);

            B.6.2.1___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.6.2.2___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: ACM_Redundant_design;

            B.6.2.3___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.6.2.4___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Testability
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.6.3___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Design_Aids
           subdomain:  B.6.3.0  B.6.3.1  B.6.3.2  B.6.3.3  B.6.3.4  B.6.3.5;

            B.6.3.0___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Automatic_synthesis;

            B.6.3.1___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Hardware_description_languages  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            B.6.3.2___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Optimization
              subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

            B.6.3.3___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Simulation
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.6.3.4___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Switching_theory
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            B.6.3.5___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         B.6.m___Hardware_LOGIC_DESIGN_Miscellaneous;

      B.7___Hardware_INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS
        subdomain:  B.7.0  B.7.1  B.7.2  B.7.3  B.7.m;

         B.7.0___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_General;

         B.7.1___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Types_and_Design_Styles
           subdomain:  B.7.1.0  B.7.1.1  B.7.1.2  B.7.1.3  B.7.1.4  B.7.1.5  B.7.1.6  B.7.1.7,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_style (pm);

            B.7.1.0___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Advanced_technologies;

            B.7.1.1___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Algorithms_implemented_in_hardware
              subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            B.7.1.2___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Gate_arrays;

            B.7.1.3___Input/output_integrated_circuits;

            B.7.1.4___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Memory_technologies;

            B.7.1.5___Microprocessors_and_microcomputers;

            B.7.1.6___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Standard_cells
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

            B.7.1.7___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_VLSI;

         B.7.2___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Design_Aids
           subdomain:  B.7.2.0  B.7.2.1  B.7.2.2  B.7.2.3  B.7.2.4,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            B.7.2.0___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Graphics;

            B.7.2.1___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Layout;

            B.7.2.2___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Placement_and_routing;

            B.7.2.3___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Simulation
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            B.7.2.4___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         B.7.3___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Reliability_and_Testing
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#B.8.^)
           subdomain:  B.7.3.0  B.7.3.1  B.7.3.2  B.7.3.3  B.7.3.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

            B.7.3.0___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Built-in_tests
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: ACM_Built-in_tests (pm);

            B.7.3.1___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Error-checking
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Error-checking (pm);

            B.7.3.2___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Redundant_design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_Redundant_design (pm);

            B.7.3.3___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Test_generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            B.7.3.4___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Testability
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         B.7.m___INTEGRATED_CIRCUITS_Miscellaneous;

      B.8___Hardware_PERFORMANCE_AND_RELIABILITY  (^See also acm#C.4.^)
        subdomain:  B.8.0  B.8.1  B.8.2  B.8.m,
        subdomain of: Performance (pm)  Reliability (pm);

         B.8.0___Hardware_PERFORMANCE_AND_RELIABILITY_General;

         B.8.1___Hardware_Reliability_-_Testing_-_and_Fault-Tolerance
           subdomain of: ACM_ReliabilityTestingAndFaultTolerance (pm);

         B.8.2___Hardware_Performance_Analysis_and_Design_Aids  subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

         B.8.m___Hardware_PERFORMANCE_AND_RELIABILITY_Miscellaneous;

      B.m___Hardware_MISCELLANEOUS
        subdomain:  B.m.0;

         B.m.0___Hardware_Design_management
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Management (pm);


C. Computer Systems Organization

   C___Computer_Systems_Organization
     subdomain:  C.0  C.1  C.2  C.3  C.4  C.5  C.m,
     subdomain of: ACM_organization (pm);

      C.0___COMPUTER_SYSTEMS_ORGANIZATION_General
        subdomain:  C.0.0  C.0.1  C.0.2  C.0.3  C.0.4;

         C.0.0___Hardware/software_interfaces
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm)  ACM_hardware (pm);

         C.0.1___Computer_Instruction_set_design
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

         C.0.2___Modeling_of_computer_architecture
           subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm)  ACM_model (pm);

         C.0.3___Computer_System_architectures
           subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

         C.0.4___Computer_Systems_specification_methodology
           subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

      C.1___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES
        subdomain:  C.1.0  C.1.1  C.1.2  C.1.3  C.1.4  C.1.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

         C.1.0___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_General;

         C.1.1___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_Single_Data_Stream_Architectures
           subdomain:  C.1.1.0  C.1.1.1  C.1.1.2  C.1.1.3  C.1.1.4;

            C.1.1.0___Computer_Multiple-instruction-stream_-_single-data-stream_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.1.1___Computer_Pipeline_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.1.2___Computer_RISC/CISC_-_VLIW_architectures;

            C.1.1.3___Computer_Single-instruction-stream_-_single-data-stream_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.1.4___Computer_Von_Neumann_architectures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         C.1.2___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Multiple_Data_Stream_Architectures
           subdomain:  C.1.2.0  C.1.2.1  C.1.2.2  C.1.2.3  C.1.2.4  C.1.2.5  C.1.2.6  C.1.2.7;

            C.1.2.0___Computer_Array_and_vector_processors;

            C.1.2.1___Computer_Associative_processors;

            C.1.2.2___Connection_machines;

            C.1.2.3___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Interconnection_architectures;

            C.1.2.4___Computer_Multiple-instruction-stream_-_multiple-data-stream_processors;

            C.1.2.5___Computer_Parallel_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.2.6___Computer_Pipeline_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.2.7___Computer_Single-instruction-stream_-_multiple-data-stream_processors;

         C.1.3___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_Other_Architecture_Styles
           subdomain:  C.1.3.0  C.1.3.1  C.1.3.2  C.1.3.3  C.1.3.4  C.1.3.5  C.1.3.6  C.1.3.7  C.1.3.8  C.1.3.9,
           subdomain of:  ACM_style (pm);

            C.1.3.0___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Adaptable_architectures;

            C.1.3.1___Analog_computers;

            C.1.3.2___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Capability_architectures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.3.3___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Cellular_architecture;

            C.1.3.4___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Data-flow_architectures;

            C.1.3.5___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Heterogeneous_systems;

            C.1.3.6___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_High-level_language_architectures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            C.1.3.7___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Neural_nets;

            C.1.3.8___Computer_Pipeline_processors;

            C.1.3.9___Computer_Stack-oriented_processors
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         C.1.4___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Parallel_Architectures
           subdomain:  C.1.4.0  C.1.4.1;

            C.1.4.0___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_Distributed_architectures;

            C.1.4.1___Computer_Mobile_processors;

         C.1.m___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  C.1.m.0  C.1.m.1;

            C.1.m.0___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_Miscellaneous_Analog_computers
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.1.m.1___COMPUTER_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_Miscellaneous_Hybrid_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      C.2___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS
        subdomain:  C.2.0  C.2.1  C.2.2  C.2.3  C.2.4  C.2.5  C.2.6  C.2.m;

         C.2.0___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS_General
           subdomain:  C.2.0.0  C.2.0.1  C.2.0.2;

            C.2.0.0___COMPUTER_Data_communications;

            C.2.0.1___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_Open_Systems_Interconnection_reference_model
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            C.2.0.2___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS_Security_and_protection
              subdomain of:  Security (pm);

         C.2.1___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS_Architecture_and_Design
           subdomain:  C.2.1.0  C.2.1.1  C.2.1.2  C.2.1.3  C.2.1.4  C.2.1.5  C.2.1.6  C.2.1.7  C.2.1.8  C.2.1.9  C.2.1.10,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            C.2.1.0___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS_Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode;

            C.2.1.1___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_Centralized_networks
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            C.2.1.2___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_Circuit-switching_networks;

            C.2.1.3___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_Distributed_networks;

            C.2.1.4___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_Frame_relay_networks;

            C.2.1.5___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_ISDN;

            C.2.1.6___COMPUTER_Network_communications;

            C.2.1.7___COMPUTER_Network_topology;

            C.2.1.8___COMPUTER_Packet-switching_networks;

            C.2.1.9___COMPUTER_Store_and_forward_networks;

            C.2.1.10___COMPUTER_Wireless_communication;

         C.2.2___Computer_Network_Protocols
           subdomain:  C.2.2.0  C.2.2.1  C.2.2.2  C.2.2.3;

            C.2.2.0___Computer_Network_Protocol_Applications
              subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            C.2.2.1___Computer_Network_Protocol_architecture
              subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

            C.2.2.2___Computer_Network_Protocol_verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

            C.2.2.3___Computer_Network_Routing_protocols;

         C.2.3___Computer_Network_Operations
           subdomain:  C.2.3.0  C.2.3.1  C.2.3.2;

            C.2.3.0___Computer_Network_management
              subdomain of: Management (pm);

            C.2.3.1___Computer_Network_monitoring;

            C.2.3.2___Computer_Public_networks;

         C.2.4___Computer_Network_Distributed_Systems
           subdomain:  C.2.4.0  C.2.4.1  C.2.4.2  C.2.4.3;

            C.2.4.0___Client/server.computer_networks;

            C.2.4.1___Distributed_applications.computer_networks
              subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            C.2.4.2___Distributed_databases.computer_networks
              subdomain of:  ACM_database (pm);

            C.2.4.3___operating_systems.computer_networks;

         C.2.5___Computer_Local_and_Wide-Area_Networks
           subdomain:  C.2.5.0  C.2.5.1  C.2.5.2  C.2.5.3  C.2.5.4  C.2.5.5;

            C.2.5.0___Access_schemes.Computer_Local_and_Wide-Area_Networks;

            C.2.5.1___Networks_Buses.Computer_Local_and_Wide-Area_Networks;

            C.2.5.2___Ethernet;

            C.2.5.3___High-speed.Computer_Local_and_Wide-Area_Networks;

            C.2.5.4___Internet;

            C.2.5.5___Token_rings.Computer_Local_and_Wide-Area_Networks;

         C.2.6___Computer_Internetworking  (^See also acm#C.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  C.2.6.0  C.2.6.1;

            C.2.6.0___Routers.Computer_Internetworking;

            C.2.6.1___Computer_Internetworking_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         C.2.m___COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION_NETWORKS_Miscellaneous;

      C.3___Computer_SPECIAL-PURPOSE_AND_APPLICATION-BASED_SYSTEMS  (^See also acm#J.7.^)
        subdomain:  C.3.0  C.3.1  C.3.2  C.3.3  C.3.4;

         C.3.0___Microprocessor/microcomputer_applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         C.3.1___Computer_Process_control_systems;

         C.3.2___Computer_Real-time_and_embedded_systems;

         C.3.3___Signal_processing_systems;

         C.3.4___Smartcards;

      C.4___Computer_PERFORMANCE_OF_SYSTEMS
        subdomain:  C.4.0  C.4.1  C.4.2  C.4.3  C.4.4  C.4.5,
        subdomain of: Performance (pm);

         C.4.0___COMPUTER_PERFORMANCE_Design_studies
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

         C.4.1___Computer_Fault_tolerance
           subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

         C.4.2___COMPUTER_PERFORMANCE_Measurement_techniques
           subdomain of: Measurement (pm);

         C.4.3___COMPUTER_PERFORMANCE_Modeling_techniques
           subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

         C.4.4___COMPUTER_PERFORMANCE_attributes;

         C.4.5___COMPUTER_Reliability_-_availability_-_and_serviceability
           subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

      C.5___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION
        subdomain:  C.5.0  C.5.1  C.5.2  C.5.3  C.5.4  C.5.5  C.5.m;

         C.5.0___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_General;

         C.5.1___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_Large_and_Medium_Computers
           subdomain:  C.5.1.0;

            C.5.1.0___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_Super_computers;

         C.5.2___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_IMPLEMENTATION_Minicomputers
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         C.5.3___Microcomputers
           subdomain:  C.5.3.0  C.5.3.1  C.5.3.2  C.5.3.3;

            C.5.3.0___Microprocessors;

            C.5.3.1___Personal_computers;

            C.5.3.2___Portable_devices;

            C.5.3.3___Workstations;

         C.5.4___VLSI_Systems;

         C.5.5___Servers;

         C.5.m___Microcomputers_Miscellaneous;

      C.m___Computer_Systems_Organization_MISCELLANEOUS;


D. Software

   D___Software
     subdomain:  D.0  D.1  D.2  D.3  D.4  D.m,
     subdomain of: is#software_engineering_science (pm),
     subdomain of: ACM_software (pm);

      D.0___Software_GENERAL;

      D.1___PROGRAMMING_TECHNIQUES  (^See also acm#E.^)
        subdomain:  D.1.0  D.1.1  D.1.2  D.1.4  D.1.5  D.1.6  D.1.7  D.1.m;

         D.1.0___PROGRAMMING_TECHNIQUES_General;

         D.1.1___Applicative_Programming;

         D.1.2___Automatic_Programming  (^See also acm#I.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  D.1.2.0  D.1.2.1;

            D.1.2.0___Distributed_programming;

            D.1.2.1___Parallel_programming;

         D.1.4___Sequential_Programming;

         D.1.5___Object-oriented_Programming;

         D.1.6___Logic_Programming
           subdomain of:  ACM_logic (pm);

         D.1.7___Visual_Programming;

         D.1.m___PROGRAMMING_TECHNIQUES__Miscellaneous;

      D.2___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING  (^See also acm#K.6.3.^)
        subdomain:  D.2.0  D.2.1  D.2.2  D.2.3  D.2.4  D.2.5  D.2.6  D.2.7  D.2.8  D.2.9  D.2.10  D.2.11  D.2.12  D.2.13  D.2.m;

         D.2.0___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING_General  (^See also acm#K.5.1.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.0.0  D.2.0.1;

            D.2.0.0___Software_Protection_mechanisms;

            D.2.0.1___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         D.2.1___Software_Requirements/Specifications  (^See also acm#D.3.1.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.1.0  D.2.1.1  D.2.1.2  D.2.1.3;

            D.2.1.0___Software_Requirements/Specifications_Elicitation_methods;

            D.2.1.1___Software_Requirements/Specifications_Languages
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            D.2.1.2___Software_Requirements/Specifications_Methodologies;

            D.2.1.3___Software_Requirements/Specifications_Tools;

         D.2.2___Software_Design_Tools_and_Techniques
           subdomain:  D.2.2.0  D.2.2.1  D.2.2.2  D.2.2.3  D.2.2.4  D.2.2.5  D.2.2.6  D.2.2.7  D.2.2.8  D.2.2.9  D.2.2.10  D.2.2.11  D.2.2.12,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            D.2.2.0___Computer-aided_software_engineering;

            D.2.2.1___Software_Design_Decision_tables;

            D.2.2.2___Software_Design_Evolutionary_prototyping;

            D.2.2.3___Flow_charts;

            D.2.2.4___Software_Design_Modules_and_interfaces;

            D.2.2.5___Object-oriented_design_methods;

            D.2.2.6___Petri_nets;

            D.2.2.7___Software_Design_Programmer_workbench
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.2.8___Software_libraries;

            D.2.2.9___State_diagrams;

            D.2.2.10___Structured_programming
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.2.11___Top-down_programming
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.2.12___User_interfaces;

         D.2.3___Coding_Tools_and_Techniques
           subdomain:  D.2.3.0  D.2.3.1  D.2.3.2  D.2.3.3  D.2.3.4  D.2.3.5  D.2.3.6;

            D.2.3.0___Object-oriented_programming;

            D.2.3.1___Pretty_printers;

            D.2.3.2___Program_editors;

            D.2.3.3___Reentrant_code  (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.3.4___Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

            D.2.3.5___Structured_programming;

            D.2.3.6___Top-down_programming;

         D.2.4___Software/Program_Verification  (^See also acm#F.3.1.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.4.0  D.2.4.1  D.2.4.2  D.2.4.3  D.2.4.4  D.2.4.5  D.2.4.6  D.2.4.7  D.2.4.8,
           subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

            D.2.4.0___Assertion_checkers;

            D.2.4.1___Class_invariants;

            D.2.4.2___Correctness_proofs;

            D.2.4.3___Formal_methods;  //indirectly stated:  subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            D.2.4.4___Software_Design_Model_checking
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            D.2.4.5___Programming_by_contract;

            D.2.4.6___Reliability; //indirectly stated:  subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

            D.2.4.7___Statistical_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_statistical_method (pm);

            D.2.4.8___Software_Validation;

         D.2.5___Software_Testing_and_Debugging
           subdomain:  D.2.5.0  D.2.5.1  D.2.5.2  D.2.5.3  D.2.5.4  D.2.5.5 
                       D.2.5.6  D.2.5.7  D.2.5.8  D.2.5.9,
           subdomain of:  ACM_testing (pm);

            D.2.5.0___Software_Code_inspections_and_walk-throughs;

            D.2.5.1___Software_Debugging_aids;

            D.2.5.2___Software_Diagnostics
              subdomain of:  ACM_diagnostics (pm);

            D.2.5.3___Software_Distributed_debugging;

            D.2.5.4___Software_Testing_and_Debugging_Dumps
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.5.5___Software_Error_handling_and_recovery
              core_domain_object: ACM_Recovery (pm);

            D.2.5.6___Software_Testing_and_Debugging_Monitors;

            D.2.5.7___Software_Symbolic_execution;

            D.2.5.8___Software_Testing_tools;

            D.2.5.9___Software_Tracing;

         D.2.6___Programming_Environments
           subdomain:  D.2.6.0  D.2.6.1  D.2.6.2  D.2.6.3;

            D.2.6.0___Graphical_Programming_environments;

            D.2.6.1___Integrated_Programming_environments;

            D.2.6.2___Interactive_Programming_environments;

            D.2.6.3___Programmer_workbench;

         D.2.7___Software_Distribution_-_Maintenance_-_and_Enhancement
           subdomain:  D.2.7.0  D.2.7.1  D.2.7.2  D.2.7.3  D.2.7.4  D.2.7.5  D.2.7.6;

            D.2.7.0___Software_Corrections
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.7.1___Software_Documentation  subdomain of:  Documentation (pm);

            D.2.7.2___Software_Enhancement
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.7.3___Software_Extensibility
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.7.4___Software_Portability;

            D.2.7.5___Software_Restructuring_-_reverse_engineering_-_and_reengineering;

            D.2.7.6___Software_Version_control;

         D.2.8___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING_Metrics  (^See also acm#D.4.8.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.8.0  D.2.8.1  D.2.8.2  D.2.8.3  D.2.8.4;

            D.2.8.0___Software_Complexity_measures;

            D.2.8.1___Software_Performance_measures  subdomain of: Performance (pm);

            D.2.8.2___Software_Process_metrics;

            D.2.8.3___Software_Product_metrics;

            D.2.8.4___Software_science
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         D.2.9___Software_Management  (^See also acm#K.6.3, acm#K.6.4.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.9.0  D.2.9.1  D.2.9.2  D.2.9.3  D.2.9.4  D.2.9.5  D.2.9.6  D.2.9.7  D.2.9.8,
           subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.2.9.0___Software_Copyrights
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of: Legal_Aspects (pm);

            D.2.9.1___Software_Cost_estimation;

            D.2.9.2___Software_Life_cycle;

            D.2.9.3___Software_Productivity;

            D.2.9.4___Software_Programming_teams;

            D.2.9.5___Software_configuration_management;

            D.2.9.6___Software_process_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            D.2.9.7___Software_quality_assurance
              subdomain of:  ACM_quality_assurance (pm);

            D.2.9.8___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING_Time_estimation;

         D.2.10___Software_Design
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998. See also acm#D.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  D.2.10.0  D.2.10.1,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            D.2.10.0___Software_Design_Methodologies
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);
              //indirectly stated:   subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            D.2.10.1___Software_Design_Representation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         D.2.11___Software_Architecture
           subdomain:  D.2.11.0  D.2.11.1  D.2.11.2  D.2.11.3  D.2.11.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

            D.2.11.0___Software_Architecture_Data_abstraction;

            D.2.11.1___Software_Domain-specific_architectures;

            D.2.11.2___Software_Architecture_Information_hiding;

            D.2.11.3___Software_Architecture_Languages
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            D.2.11.4___Software_Architecture_Patterns;

         D.2.12___SOFTWARE_INTEROPERABILITY
           subdomain:  D.2.12.0  D.2.12.1  D.2.12.2;

            D.2.12.0___SOFTWARE_INTEROPERABILITY_Data_mapping;

            D.2.12.1___SOFTWARE_INTEROPERABILITY_Distributed_objects;

            D.2.12.2___SOFTWARE_INTEROPERABILITY_Interface_definition_languages
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

         D.2.13___REUSABLE_SOFTWARE
           subdomain:  D.2.13.0  D.2.13.1  D.2.13.2;

            D.2.13.0___REUSABLE_SOFTWARE_Domain_engineering;

            D.2.13.1___Reusable_software_libraries;

            D.2.13.2___Reuse_software_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

         D.2.m___SOFTWARE_ENGINEERING_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  D.2.m.0  D.2.m.1;

            D.2.m.0___d.2___Rapid_prototyping
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.2.m.1___d.2___Reusable_software
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      D.3___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES
        subdomain:  D.3.0  D.3.1  D.3.2  D.3.3  D.3.4  D.3.m,
        subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

         D.3.0___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_General
           subdomain:  D.3.0.0;

            D.3.0.0___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         D.3.1___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_Formal_Definitions_and_Theory  (^See also acm#D.2.1, acm#F.3.1, acm#F.3.2, acm#F.4.2, acm#F.4.3.^)
           subdomain:  D.3.1.0  D.3.1.1,
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            D.3.1.0___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_Semantics
              subdomain of: ACM_semantic (pm);

            D.3.1.1___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_Syntax;

         D.3.2___PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGES_Classifications
           subdomain:  D.3.2.0  D.3.2.1  D.3.2.2  D.3.2.3  D.3.2.4  D.3.2.5  D.3.2.6  D.3.2.7
                       D.3.2.8  D.3.2.9  D.3.2.10  D.3.2.11  D.3.2.12  D.3.2.13;

            D.3.2.0___Applicative_programming_languages;

            D.3.2.1___Concurrent_-_distributed_-_and_parallel_languages;

            D.3.2.2___Constraint_and_logic_languages
               subdomain of:  ACM_logic (pm);

            D.3.2.3___Data-flow_languages;

            D.3.2.4___Design_programming_languages  subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            D.3.2.5___Extensible_programming_languages;

            D.3.2.6___Macro_and_assembly_programming_languages;

            D.3.2.7___Microprogramming_languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.3.2.8___Multiparadigm_languages;

            D.3.2.9___Nondeterministic_programming_languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.3.2.10___Nonprocedural_programming_languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.3.2.11___Object-oriented_programming_languages;

            D.3.2.12___Specialized_application_programming_languages
              subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            D.3.2.13___Very_high-level_programming_languages;

         D.3.3___Programming_Language_Constructs_and_Features  (^See also acm#E.2.^)
           subdomain:  D.3.3.0  D.3.3.1  D.3.3.2  D.3.3.3  D.3.3.4  D.3.3.5  D.3.3.6  D.3.3.7  D.3.3.8  D.3.3.9  D.3.3.10  D.3.3.11  D.3.3.12  D.3.3.13  D.3.3.14  D.3.3.15;

            D.3.3.0___Abstract_data_types;

            D.3.3.1___Classes_and_objects;

            D.3.3.2___Concurrent_programming_structures;

            D.3.3.3___Constraints.programming_language;

            D.3.3.4___Control_structures.programming_language;

            D.3.3.5___Coroutines;

            D.3.3.6___Data_types_and_structures;

            D.3.3.7___Dynamic_storage_management  subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.3.3.8___Frameworks.programming_language;

            D.3.3.9___Inheritance.programming_language;

            D.3.3.10___Input/output.programming_language;

            D.3.3.11___Modules_-_packages;

            D.3.3.12___Patterns.programming_language;

            D.3.3.13___Polymorphism.programming_language;

            D.3.3.14___Procedures_-_functions_-_and_subroutines;

            D.3.3.15___Recursion.programming_language;

         D.3.4___Programming_Language_Processors
           subdomain:  D.3.4.0  D.3.4.1  D.3.4.2  D.3.4.3  D.3.4.4  D.3.4.5  D.3.4.6  D.3.4.7  D.3.4.8  D.3.4.9  D.3.4.10  D.3.4.11;

            D.3.4.0___Code_generation;

            D.3.4.1___Compilers;

            D.3.4.2___Debuggers;

            D.3.4.3___Incremental_compilers;

            D.3.4.4___Interpreters.programming_language;

            D.3.4.5___Memory_management  subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.3.4.6___Programming_Language_Optimization
              subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

            D.3.4.7___Parsing;

            D.3.4.8___Preprocessors;

            D.3.4.9___Retargetable_compilers;

            D.3.4.10___Run-time_environments;

            D.3.4.11___Translator_writing_systems_and_compiler_generators;

         D.3.m___Programming_Language_Miscellaneous;

      D.4___OPERATING_SYSTEMS  (^See also acm#C.^)
        subdomain:  D.4.0  D.4.1  D.4.2  D.4.3  D.4.4  D.4.5  D.4.6  D.4.7  D.4.8  D.4.9  D.4.m,
        core_domain_object:  #operating_system;

         D.4.0___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_General;

         D.4.1___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Process_Management
           subdomain:  D.4.1.0  D.4.1.1  D.4.1.2  D.4.1.3  D.4.1.4  D.4.1.5  D.4.1.6,
           subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.4.1.0___Concurrency.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.1___Deadlocks.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.2___Multiprocessing/multiprogramming/multitasking.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.3___Mutual_exclusion.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.4___Scheduling.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.5___Synchronization.operating_systems;

            D.4.1.6___Threads.operating_systems;

         D.4.2___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Storage_Management
           subdomain:  D.4.2.0  D.4.2.1  D.4.2.2  D.4.2.3  D.4.2.4  D.4.2.5  D.4.2.6  D.4.2.7  D.4.2.8,
           subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.4.2.0___Allocation/deallocation_strategies.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.1___Distributed_memories.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.2___Garbage_collection.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.3___Main_memory.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.4___Secondary_storage.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.5___Segmentation.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.2.6___Storage_hierarchies.operating_systems;

            D.4.2.7___Swapping.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.2.8___Virtual_memory.operating_systems;

         D.4.3___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_File_Systems_Management  (^See also acm#E.5.^)
           subdomain:  D.4.3.0  D.4.3.1  D.4.3.2  D.4.3.3  D.4.3.4,
           subdomain of: Management (pm)  ACM_file (pm);

            D.4.3.0___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_File_Systems_Management_Access_methods;
              //indirectly stated:  subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            D.4.3.1___File_Systems_Directory_structures.file_systems_management;

            D.4.3.2___Distributed_file_systems.file_systems_management;

            D.4.3.3___File_organization.file_systems_management
              subdomain of:  ACM_organization (pm);

            D.4.3.4___File_Maintenance.file_systems_management
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         D.4.4___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Communications_Management  (^See also acm#C.2.^)
           subdomain:  D.4.4.0  D.4.4.1  D.4.4.2  D.4.4.3  D.4.4.4,
           subdomain of: Management (pm);

            D.4.4.0___Communications_Buffering;

            D.4.4.1___Communications_Management_Input/output;

            D.4.4.2___Communications_Management_Message_sending;

            D.4.4.3___Network_communication;

            D.4.4.4___Communications_Management_Terminal_management
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         D.4.5___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Reliability
           subdomain:  D.4.5.0  D.4.5.1  D.4.5.2  D.4.5.3,
           subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

            D.4.5.0___Backup_procedures.operating_systems;

            D.4.5.1___Checkpoint/restart.operating_systems;

            D.4.5.2___Fault-tolerance.operating_systems;

            D.4.5.3___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Reliability_Verification;

         D.4.6___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Security_and_Protection  (^See also acm#K.6.5.^)
           subdomain:  D.4.6.0  D.4.6.1  D.4.6.2  D.4.6.3  D.4.6.4  D.4.6.5  D.4.6.6,
           subdomain of:  Security (pm);

            D.4.6.0___Access_controls.operating_systems;

            D.4.6.1___Authentication.operating_systems;

            D.4.6.2___Cryptographic_controls.operating_systems;

            D.4.6.3___Information_flow_controls.operating_systems;

            D.4.6.4___Invasive_software.operating_systems;

            D.4.6.5___Security_kernels.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.6.6___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Security_and_Protection_Verification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         D.4.7___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Organization_and_Design
           subdomain:  D.4.7.0  D.4.7.1  D.4.7.2  D.4.7.3  D.4.7.4,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_organization (pm);

            D.4.7.0___Batch_processing_systems.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.7.1___Distributed_operating_systems.operating_systems;

            D.4.7.2___Hierarchical_design.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.7.3___Interactive_systems.operating_systems;

            D.4.7.4___Real-time_systems_and_embedded_systems.operating_systems;

         D.4.8___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_Performance  (^See also acm#C.4, acm#D.2.8, acm#I.6.^)
           subdomain:  D.4.8.0  D.4.8.1  D.4.8.2  D.4.8.3  D.4.8.4  D.4.8.5  D.4.8.6,
           subdomain of: Performance (pm);

            D.4.8.0___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Measurements
              subdomain of: Measurement (pm);

            D.4.8.1___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Modeling_and_prediction
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            D.4.8.2___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Monitors;

            D.4.8.3___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Operational_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            D.4.8.4___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Queueing_theory
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            D.4.8.5___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Simulation
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            D.4.8.6___OPERATING_SYSTEMS_PERFORMANCE_Stochastic_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         D.4.9___Systems_Programs_and_Utilities.operating_systems
           subdomain:  D.4.9.0  D.4.9.1  D.4.9.2  D.4.9.3,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            D.4.9.0___Command_and_control_languages.operating_systems;

            D.4.9.1___Linkers.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.9.2___Loaders.operating_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            D.4.9.3___Window_managers.operating_systems;

         D.4.m___Miscellaneous.operating_systems;

      D.m___MISCELLANEOUS.Software
        subdomain:  D.m.0;

         D.m.0___Software_psychology
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);


E. Data

    E___Data
     subdomain:  E.0  E.1  E.2  E.3  E.4  E.5  E.m;

      E.0___Data_GENERAL;

      E.1___DATA_STRUCTURES
        subdomain:  E.1.0  E.1.1  E.1.2  E.1.3  E.1.4  E.1.5  E.1.6;

         E.1.0___Arrays;

         E.1.1___Distributed_data_structures;

         E.1.2___Graphs_and_networks;

         E.1.3___Lists_-_stacks_-_and_queues;

         E.1.4___Records;

         E.1.5___Tables.data_structures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         E.1.6___Trees.data_structures;

      E.2___DATA_STORAGE_REPRESENTATIONS
        subdomain:  E.2.0  E.2.1  E.2.2  E.2.3  E.2.4  E.2.5;

         E.2.0___Composite_structures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         E.2.1___Contiguous_representations
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         E.2.2___Hash-table_representations;

         E.2.3___Linked_representations;

         E.2.4___Object_representation;

         E.2.5___Primitive_data_items
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      E.3___DATA_ENCRYPTION
        subdomain:  E.3.0  E.3.1  E.3.2  E.3.3;

         E.3.0___Code_breaking;

         E.3.1___Data_encryption_standard  (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
           subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         E.3.2___Public_key_cryptosystems;

         E.3.3___DATA_ENCRYPTION_Standards
           subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

      E.4___CODING_AND_INFORMATION_THEORY  (^See also acm#H.1.1.^)
        subdomain:  E.4.0  E.4.1  E.4.2  E.4.3,
        subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

         E.4.0___Data_compaction_and_compression;

         E.4.1___Error_control_codes
          subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         E.4.2___Formal_models_of_communication
           subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

         E.4.3___Nonsecret_encoding_schemes
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      E.5___FILES  (^See also acm#D.4.3, acm#F.2.2, acm#H.2.^)
        subdomain:  E.5.0  E.5.1  E.5.2  E.5.3,
        subdomain of:  ACM_file (pm);

         E.5.0___Files_Backup/recovery
           core_domain_object: ACM_Recovery (pm);

         E.5.1___Files_Optimization  (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

         E.5.2___Files_Organization/structure
           subdomain of:  ACM_organization (pm);

         E.5.3___Files_Sorting/searching;

      E.m___Data_MISCELLANEOUS;


F. Theory of Computation

   F___Theory_of_Computation
     subdomain:  F.0  F.1  F.2  F.3  F.4  F.m,
     subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

      F.0___Theory_of_Computation_GENERAL;

      F.1___COMPUTATION_BY_ABSTRACT_DEVICES
        subdomain:  F.1.0  F.1.1  F.1.2  F.1.3  F.1.m;

         F.1.0___COMPUTATION_BY_ABSTRACT_DEVICES_General;

         F.1.1___Models_of_Computation  (^See also acm#F.4.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.1.1.0  F.1.1.1  F.1.1.2  F.1.1.3  F.1.1.4  F.1.1.5,
           subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            F.1.1.0___Automata;

            F.1.1.1___Bounded-action_devices;

            F.1.1.2___Computability_theory;

            F.1.1.3___Relations_between_models;

            F.1.1.4___Self-modifying_machines;

            F.1.1.5___Unbounded-action_devices;

         F.1.2___Modes_of_Computation
           subdomain:  F.1.2.0  F.1.2.1  F.1.2.2  F.1.2.3  F.1.2.4  F.1.2.5  F.1.2.6;

            F.1.2.0___Alternation_and_nondeterminism;

            F.1.2.1___Interactive_and_reactive_computation;

            F.1.2.2___Online_computation;

            F.1.2.3___Parallelism_and_concurrency;

            F.1.2.4___Probabilistic_computation;

            F.1.2.5___Relations_among_modes
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            F.1.2.6___Relativized_computation;

         F.1.3___Complexity_Measures_and_Classes  (^See also acm#F.2.^)
           subdomain:  F.1.3.0  F.1.3.1  F.1.3.2  F.1.3.3  F.1.3.4;

            F.1.3.0___Complexity_hierarchies;

            F.1.3.1___Machine-independent_complexity
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            F.1.3.2___Reducibility_and_completeness;

            F.1.3.3___Relations_among_complexity_classes;

            F.1.3.4___Relations_among_complexity_measures;

         F.1.m___COMPUTATION_BY_ABSTRACT_DEVICES_Miscellaneous;

      F.2___ANALYSIS_OF_ALGORITHMS_AND_PROBLEM_COMPLEXITY  (^See also acm#B.6, acm#B.7, acm#F.1.3.^)
        subdomain:  F.2.0  F.2.1  F.2.2  F.2.3,
        subdomain of: Algorithms (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

         F.2.0___ANALYSIS_OF_ALGORITHMS_AND_PROBLEM_COMPLEXITY_General;

         F.2.1___Numerical_Algorithms_and_Problems  (^See also acm#G.1, acm#G.4, acm#I.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.2.1.0  F.2.1.1  F.2.1.2  F.2.1.3  F.2.1.4;

            F.2.1.0___Computation_of_transforms;

            F.2.1.1___Computations_in_finite_fields;

            F.2.1.2___Computations_on_matrices;

            F.2.1.3___Computations_on_polynomials;

            F.2.1.4___Number-theoretic_computations;

         F.2.2___Nonnumerical_Algorithms_and_Problems  (^See also acm#E.2, acm#E.3, acm#E.4, acm#E.5, acm#G.2, acm#H.2, acm#H.3.^)
           subdomain:  F.2.2.0  F.2.2.1  F.2.2.2  F.2.2.3  F.2.2.4  F.2.2.5  F.2.2.6;

            F.2.2.0___Complexity_of_proof_procedures;

            F.2.2.1___Computations_on_discrete_structures;

            F.2.2.2___Geometrical_problems_and_computations;

            F.2.2.3___Pattern_matching;

            F.2.2.4___Routing_and_layout;

            F.2.2.5___Sequencing_and_scheduling;

            F.2.2.6___Sorting_and_searching;

         F.2.3___Tradeoffs_between_Complexity_Measures  (^See also acm#F.1.3.^);

      F.3___LOGICS_AND_MEANINGS_OF_PROGRAMS
        subdomain:  F.3.0  F.3.1  F.3.2  F.3.3  F.3.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_logic (pm);

         F.3.0___LOGICS_AND_MEANINGS_OF_PROGRAMS_General;

         F.3.1___Specifying_and_Verifying_and_Reasoning_about_Programs
            (^See also acm#D.2.1, acm#D.2.4, acm#D.3.1, acm#E.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.3.1.0  F.3.1.1  F.3.1.2  F.3.1.3  F.3.1.4  F.3.1.5;

            F.3.1.0___Assertions;

            F.3.1.1___Invariants;

            F.3.1.2___Logics_of_programs;

            F.3.1.3___Mechanical_verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

            F.3.1.4___Pre-_and_post-conditions;

            F.3.1.5___Specification_techniques;

         F.3.2___Semantics_of_Programming_Languages  (^See also acm#D.3.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.3.2.0  F.3.2.1  F.3.2.2  F.3.2.3  F.3.2.4  F.3.2.5,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm)  ACM_semantic (pm);

            F.3.2.0___Algebraic_approaches_to_semantics;

            F.3.2.1___Denotational_semantics;

            F.3.2.2___Operational_semantics;

            F.3.2.3___Partial_evaluation
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm);

            F.3.2.4___Process_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            F.3.2.5___Program_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         F.3.3___Studies_of_Program_Constructs  (^See also acm#D.3.2, acm#D.3.3.^)
           subdomain:  F.3.3.0  F.3.3.1  F.3.3.2  F.3.3.3  F.3.3.4;

            F.3.3.0___Control_primitives.studies_of_program_constructs;

            F.3.3.1___Functional_constructs.studies_of_program_constructs;

            F.3.3.2___Object-oriented_constructs.studies_of_program_constructs;

            F.3.3.3___Program_and_recursion_schemes.studies_of_program_constructs;

            F.3.3.4___Type_structure.studies_of_program_constructs;

         F.3.m___LOGICS_AND_MEANINGS_OF_PROGRAMS_Miscellaneous;

      F.4___MATHEMATICAL_LOGIC_AND_FORMAL_LANGUAGES
        subdomain:  F.4.0  F.4.1  F.4.2  F.4.3  F.4.m,
        subdomain of:  Languages (pm)  ACM_logic (pm);

         F.4.0___MATHEMATICAL_LOGIC_AND_FORMAL_LANGUAGES_General;

         F.4.1___Mathematical_Logic  (^See also acm#F.1.1, acm#I.2.2, acm#I.2.3, acm#I.2.4.^)
           subdomain:  F.4.1.0  F.4.1.1  F.4.1.2  F.4.1.3  F.4.1.4  F.4.1.5  F.4.1.6 
                       F.4.1.7  F.4.1.8  F.4.1.9  F.4.1.10;

            F.4.1.0___Computability_theory;

            F.4.1.1___Computational_logic;

            F.4.1.2___Lambda_calculus_and_related_systems;

            F.4.1.3___Logic_and_constraint_programming;

            F.4.1.4___Mechanical_theorem_proving;

            F.4.1.5___Modal_logic;

            F.4.1.6___Model_theory
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            F.4.1.7___Proof_theory;

            F.4.1.8___Recursive_function_theory;

            F.4.1.9___Set_theory;

            F.4.1.10___Temporal_logic;

         F.4.2___Grammars_and_Other_Rewriting_Systems  (^See also acm#D.3.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.4.2.0  F.4.2.1  F.4.2.2  F.4.2.3  F.4.2.4;

            F.4.2.0___Decision_problems.Grammars_and_Other_Rewriting_Systems;

            F.4.2.1___Grammar_types;

            F.4.2.2___Parallel_rewriting_systems;

            F.4.2.3___Parsing.Grammars_and_Other_Rewriting_Systems;

            F.4.2.4___Thue_systems.Grammars_and_Other_Rewriting_Systems;

         F.4.3___Formal_Languages  (^See also acm#D.3.1.^)
           subdomain:  F.4.3.0  F.4.3.1  F.4.3.2  F.4.3.3  F.4.3.4;

            F.4.3.0___Algebraic_language_theory;

            F.4.3.1___Classes_defined_by_grammars_or_automata;

            F.4.3.2___Classes_defined_by_resource-bounded_automata
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            F.4.3.3___Decision_problems.Formal_Languages;

            F.4.3.4___Operations_on_languages;

         F.4.m___MATHEMATICAL_LOGIC_AND_FORMAL_LANGUAGES_Miscellaneous;

      F.m___Theory_of_Computation_MISCELLANEOUS;


F. Mathematics of Computing

   G___Mathematics_of_Computing
     subdomain:  G.0  G.1  G.2  G.3  G.4  G.m;

      G.0___Mathematics_of_Computing_GENERAL;

      G.1___NUMERICAL_ANALYSIS
        subdomain:  G.1.0  G.1.1  G.1.2  G.1.3  G.1.4  G.1.5  G.1.6  G.1.7  G.1.8  G.1.9  G.1.10  G.1.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         G.1.0___NUMERICAL_ANALYSIS_General
           subdomain:  G.1.0.0  G.1.0.1  G.1.0.2  G.1.0.3  G.1.0.4  G.1.0.5  G.1.0.6  G.1.0.7;

            G.1.0.0___Computer_arithmetic;

            G.1.0.1___Conditioning.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.0.2___Error_analysis.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.0.3___Interval_arithmetic;

            G.1.0.4___Multiple_precision_arithmetic;

            G.1.0.5___Numerical_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            G.1.0.6___Parallel_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            G.1.0.7___Stability;

         G.1.1___Interpolation.numerical_analysis  (^See also acm#I.3.5, acm#I.3.7.^)
           subdomain:  G.1.1.0  G.1.1.1  G.1.1.2  G.1.1.3  G.1.1.4;

            G.1.1.0___Difference_formulas.numerical_analysis
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            G.1.1.1___Extrapolation.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.1.2___Interpolation_formulas;

            G.1.1.3___Smoothing.interpolation;

            G.1.1.4___Spline_and_piecewise_polynomial_interpolation;

         G.1.2___Approximation.numerical_analysis
           subdomain:  G.1.2.0  G.1.2.1  G.1.2.2  G.1.2.3  G.1.2.4  G.1.2.5  G.1.2.6  G.1.2.7  G.1.2.8  G.1.2.9  G.1.2.10  G.1.2.11;

            G.1.2.0___Approximation_of_surfaces_and_contours;

            G.1.2.1___Chebyshev_approximation_and_theory
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            G.1.2.2___Elementary_function_approximation;

            G.1.2.3___Fast_Fourier_transforms;

            G.1.2.4___Least_squares_approximation;

            G.1.2.5___Linear_approximation;

            G.1.2.6___Minimax_approximation_and_algorithms   subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            G.1.2.7___Nonlinear_approximation;

            G.1.2.8___Rational_approximation.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.2.9___Special_function_approximations;

            G.1.2.10___Spline_and_piecewise_polynomial_approximation;

            G.1.2.11___Wavelets_and_fractals;

         G.1.3___Numerical_Linear_Algebra
           subdomain:  G.1.3.0  G.1.3.1  G.1.3.2  G.1.3.3  G.1.3.4  G.1.3.5  G.1.3.6  G.1.3.7  G.1.3.8;

            G.1.3.0___Conditioning.numerical_linear_algebra;

            G.1.3.1___Determinants.numerical_linear_algebra
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            G.1.3.2___Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors;

            G.1.3.3___Error_analysis.numerical_linear_algebra;

            G.1.3.4___Linear_systems.numerical_linear_algebra;

            G.1.3.5___Matrix_inversion;

            G.1.3.6___Pseudoinverses.numerical_linear_algebra
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            G.1.3.7___Singular_value_decomposition;

            G.1.3.8___Sparse_-_structured_-_and_very_large_systems;

         G.1.4___Quadrature_and_Numerical_Differentiation  (^See also acm#F.2.1.^)
           subdomain:  G.1.4.0  G.1.4.1  G.1.4.2  G.1.4.3  G.1.4.4  G.1.4.5  G.1.4.6  G.1.4.7;

            G.1.4.0___Adaptive_and_iterative_quadrature;

            G.1.4.1___Automatic_quadrature_and_numerical_differentiation;

            G.1.4.2___Equal_interval_integration
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            G.1.4.3___Error_analysis.quadrature_and_numerical_differentiation;

            G.1.4.4___Finite_difference_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.4.5___Gaussian_quadrature;

            G.1.4.6___Iterative_methods_of_quadrature_and_numerical_differentiation
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.4.7___Multidimensional_quadrature;

         G.1.5___Roots_of_Nonlinear_Equations
           subdomain:  G.1.5.0  G.1.5.1  G.1.5.2  G.1.5.3  G.1.5.4  G.1.5.5;

            G.1.5.0___Continuation_methods.roots_of_nonlinear_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.5.1___Convergence.roots_of_nonlinear_equations;

            G.1.5.2___Error_analysis.roots_of_nonlinear_equations;

            G.1.5.3___Iterative_methods.roots_of_nonlinear_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.5.4___Polynomials_and_methods_for-finding_roots_of_nonlinear_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.5.5___Systems_of_equations.roots_of_nonlinear_equations;

         G.1.6___Numerical_Analysis_Optimization
           subdomain:  G.1.6.0  G.1.6.1  G.1.6.2  G.1.6.3  G.1.6.4  G.1.6.5  G.1.6.6  G.1.6.7  G.1.6.8  G.1.6.9  G.1.6.10  G.1.6.11,
           subdomain of:  ACM_optimization (pm);

            G.1.6.0___Constrained_optimization.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.6.1___Convex_programming.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.6.2___Global_optimization.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.6.3___Gradient_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.6.4___Integer_programming;

            G.1.6.5___Least_squares_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.6.6___Linear_programming;

            G.1.6.7___Nonlinear_programming;

            G.1.6.8___Quadratic_programming_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.6.9___Simulated_annealing
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            G.1.6.10___Stochastic_programming;

            G.1.6.11___Unconstrained_optimization.numerical_analysis;

         G.1.7___Ordinary_Differential_Equations
           subdomain:  G.1.7.0  G.1.7.1  G.1.7.2  G.1.7.3  G.1.7.4  G.1.7.5  G.1.7.6  G.1.7.7  G.1.7.8  G.1.7.9;

            G.1.7.0___Boundary_value_problems.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.7.1___Chaotic_systems.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.7.2___Convergence_and_stability.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.7.3___Differential-algebraic_equations;

            G.1.7.4___Error_analysis.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.7.5___Finite_difference_methods.numerical_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.7.6___Initial_value_problems.numerical_analysis;

            G.1.7.7___Multistep_and_multivalue_methods.numerical_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.7.8___One-step_methods.numerical_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.7.9___Stiff_equations.numerical_analysis;

         G.1.8___Partial_Differential_Equations
           subdomain:  G.1.8.0  G.1.8.1  G.1.8.2  G.1.8.3  G.1.8.4  G.1.8.5  G.1.8.6  G.1.8.7  G.1.8.8  G.1.8.9  G.1.8.10  G.1.8.11;

            G.1.8.0___Domain_decomposition_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.1___Elliptic_equations.partial_differential_equations;

            G.1.8.2___Finite_difference_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.3___Finite_element_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.4___Finite_volume_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.5___Hyperbolic_equations.partial_differential_equations;

            G.1.8.6___Inverse_problems.partial_differential_equations;

            G.1.8.7___Iterative_solution_techniques.partial_differential_equations;

            G.1.8.8___Method_of_lines.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.9___Multigrid_and_multilevel_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            G.1.8.10___Parabolic_equations.partial_differential_equations;

            G.1.8.11___Spectral_methods.partial_differential_equations
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

         G.1.9___Integral_Equations.partial_differential_equations
           subdomain:  G.1.9.0  G.1.9.1  G.1.9.2  G.1.9.3;

            G.1.9.0___Delay_equations;

            G.1.9.1___Fredholm_equations;

            G.1.9.2___Integro-differential_equations;

            G.1.9.3___Volterra_equations;

         G.1.10___Applications.partial_differential_equations
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         G.1.m___NUMERICAL_ANALYSIS_Miscellaneous;

      G.2___DISCRETE_MATHEMATICS
        subdomain:  G.2.0  G.2.1  G.2.2  G.2.3  G.2.m;

         G.2.0___DISCRETE_MATHEMATICS_General;

         G.2.1___Combinatorics  (^See also acm#F.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  G.2.1.0  G.2.1.1  G.2.1.2  G.2.1.3  G.2.1.4;

            G.2.1.0___Combinatorial_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            G.2.1.1___Counting_problems.combinatorics;

            G.2.1.2___Generating_functions.combinatorics;

            G.2.1.3___Permutations_and_combinations.combinatorics;

            G.2.1.4___Recurrences_and_difference_equations.combinatorics;

         G.2.2___Graph_Theory  (^See also acm#F.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  G.2.2.0  G.2.2.1  G.2.2.2  G.2.2.3  G.2.2.4  G.2.2.5,
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            G.2.2.0___Graph_algorithms   subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            G.2.2.1___Graph_labeling;

            G.2.2.2___Hypergraphs;

            G.2.2.3___Network_problems.graph_theory;

            G.2.2.4___Path_and_circuit_problems;

            G.2.2.5___Trees.graph_theory;

         G.2.3___Applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         G.2.m___DISCRETE_MATHEMATICS_Miscellaneous;

      G.3___PROBABILITY_AND_STATISTICS
        subdomain:  G.3.0  G.3.1  G.3.2  G.3.3  G.3.4  G.3.5  G.3.6  G.3.7  G.3.8  G.3.9  G.3.10  G.3.11  G.3.12  G.3.13  G.3.14  G.3.15  G.3.16  G.3.17;

         G.3.0___Contingency_table_analysis
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         G.3.1___Correlation_and_regression_analysis
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         G.3.2___Distribution_functions.probability_and_statistics;

         G.3.3___Experimental_design.probability_and_statistics
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  Experimentation (pm);

         G.3.4___Markov_processes;

         G.3.5___Multivariate_statistics;

         G.3.6___Nonparametric_statistics;

         G.3.7___Probabilistic_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

         G.3.8___Queueing_theory.probability_and_statistics
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

         G.3.9___Random_number_generation;

         G.3.10___Reliability_and_life_testing.probability_and_statistics
           subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

         G.3.11___Renewal_theory.probability_and_statistics
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

         G.3.12___Robust_regression.probability_and_statistics;

         G.3.13___Statistical_computing;

         G.3.14___Statistical_software
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

         G.3.15___Stochastic_processes;

         G.3.16___Survival_analysis
            subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         G.3.17___Time_series_analysis
            subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

      G.4___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE
        subdomain:  G.4.0  G.4.1  G.4.2  G.4.3  G.4.4  G.4.5  G.4.6  G.4.7  G.4.8,
        subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

         G.4.0___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Algorithm_design_and_analysis
           subdomain of:  Algorithms (pm)  Design (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

         G.4.1___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Certification_and_testing
           subdomain of:  ACM_testing (pm);

         G.4.2___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Documentation  subdomain of:  Documentation (pm);

         G.4.3___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Efficiency;

         G.4.4___Parallel_and_vector_implementations;

         G.4.5___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Portability
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         G.4.6___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Reliability_and_robustness
           subdomain of:  Reliability (pm);

         G.4.7___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_User_interfaces;

         G.4.8___MATHEMATICAL_SOFTWARE_Verification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
           subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

      G.m___Mathematics_of_Computing_MISCELLANEOUS
        subdomain:  G.m.0;

         G.m.0___Queueing_theory  (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);


H. Information Systems

   H___Information_Systems
     subdomain:  H.0  H.1  H.2  H.3  H.4  H.5  H.m;

      H.0___Information_Systems_GENERAL;

      H.1___Information_Systems_MODELS_AND_PRINCIPLES
        subdomain:  H.1.0  H.1.1  H.1.2  H.1.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

         H.1.0___Information_Systems_MODELS_AND_PRINCIPLES_General;

         H.1.1___Systems_and_Information_Theory  (^See also acm#E.4.^)
           subdomain:  H.1.1.0  H.1.1.1  H.1.1.2;

            H.1.1.0___General_systems_theory;

            H.1.1.1___Information_theory;

            H.1.1.2___Value_of_information.information_systems_models_and_principles;

         H.1.2___User/Machine_Systems
           subdomain:  H.1.2.0  H.1.2.1  H.1.2.2;

            H.1.2.0___User/Machine_Systems_Human_factors  subdomain of:  Human_Factors (pm);

            H.1.2.1___User/Machine_Systems_Human_information_processing;

            H.1.2.2___Software_psychology
               subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

         H.1.m___Information_Systems_MODELS_AND_PRINCIPLES_Miscellaneous;

      H.2___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT  (^See also acm#E.5.^)
        subdomain:  H.2.0  H.2.1  H.2.2  H.2.3  H.2.4  H.2.5  H.2.6  H.2.7  H.2.8  H.2.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_database (pm)  Management (pm);

         H.2.0___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_General
           subdomain:  H.2.0.0;

            H.2.0.0___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Security_-_integrity_-_and_protection
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Security (pm);

         H.2.1___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Logical_Design
           subdomain:  H.2.1.0  H.2.1.1  H.2.1.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_logic (pm);

            H.2.1.0___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Data_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            H.2.1.1___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Normal_forms;

            H.2.1.2___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Schema_and_subschema;

         H.2.2___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Physical_Design
           subdomain:  H.2.2.0  H.2.2.1  H.2.2.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            H.2.2.0___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Access_methods
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            H.2.2.1___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Deadlock_avoidance;

            H.2.2.2___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Recovery_and_restart
              core_domain_object: ACM_Recovery (pm);

         H.2.3___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Languages  (^See also acm#D.3.2.^)
           subdomain:  H.2.3.0  H.2.3.1  H.2.3.2  H.2.3.3  H.2.3.4,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            H.2.3.0___Database_description_languages;

            H.2.3.1___Database_manipulation_languages;

            H.2.3.2___Database_programming_languages;

            H.2.3.3___Database_Query_languages;

            H.2.3.4___Database_Report_writers;

         H.2.4___Database_Systems
           subdomain:  H.2.4.0  H.2.4.1  H.2.4.2  H.2.4.3  H.2.4.4  H.2.4.5  H.2.4.6  H.2.4.7  H.2.4.8  H.2.4.9;

            H.2.4.0___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Concurrency;

            H.2.4.1___Distributed_databases;

            H.2.4.2___Multimedia_databases;

            H.2.4.3___Object-oriented_databases;

            H.2.4.4___Parallel_databases;

            H.2.4.5___Database_Query_processing;

            H.2.4.6___Relational_databases;

            H.2.4.7___Rule-based_databases;

            H.2.4.8___Textual_databases;

            H.2.4.9___Database_Transaction_processing;

         H.2.5___Heterogeneous_Databases
           subdomain:  H.2.5.0  H.2.5.1;

            H.2.5.0___Heterogeneous_Databases_translation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            H.2.5.1___Heterogeneous_Databases_Program_translation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         H.2.6___Database_Machines;

         H.2.7___Database_Administration
           subdomain:  H.2.7.0  H.2.7.1  H.2.7.2  H.2.7.3;

            H.2.7.0___Database_dictionary/directory;

            H.2.7.1___Database_warehouse_and_repository;

            H.2.7.2___Database_Logging_and_recovery
              core_domain_object: ACM_Recovery (pm);

            H.2.7.3___Database_Security_-_integrity_-_and_protection
              subdomain of:  Security (pm);

         H.2.8___Database_Applications
           subdomain:  H.2.8.0  H.2.8.1  H.2.8.2  H.2.8.3  H.2.8.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_application (pm);

            H.2.8.0___Data_mining;

            H.2.8.1___Image_databases;

            H.2.8.2___Scientific_databases;

            H.2.8.3___Spatial_databases_and_GIS;

            H.2.8.4___Statistical_databases;

         H.2.m___DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_Miscellaneous;

      H.3___INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL
        subdomain:  H.3.0  H.3.1  H.3.2  H.3.3  H.3.4  H.3.5  H.3.6  H.3.7  H.3.m;

         H.3.0___INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_General;

         H.3.1___INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing
           subdomain:  H.3.1.0  H.3.1.1  H.3.1.2  H.3.1.3  H.3.1.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            H.3.1.0___Abstracting_methods.INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            H.3.1.1___Dictionaries.INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing;

            H.3.1.2___Indexing_methods.INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            H.3.1.3___Linguistic_processing.INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing;

            H.3.1.4___Thesauruses.INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Content_Analysis_and_Indexing;

         H.3.2___Information_Storage
           subdomain:  H.3.2.0  H.3.2.1;

            H.3.2.0___File_organization
              subdomain of:  ACM_file (pm)  ACM_organization (pm);

            H.3.2.1___Record_classification
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         H.3.3___Information_Search_and_Retrieval
           subdomain:  H.3.3.0  H.3.3.1  H.3.3.2  H.3.3.3  H.3.3.4  H.3.3.5  H.3.3.6;

            H.3.3.0___Clustering.information_search_and_retrieval;

            H.3.3.1___Information_filtering;

            H.3.3.2___Query_formulation;

            H.3.3.3___Relevance_feedback.information_search_and_retrieval;

            H.3.3.4___Retrieval_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            H.3.3.5___Search_process;

            H.3.3.6___Selection_process;

         H.3.4___Information_Systems_and_Software
           subdomain:  H.3.4.0  H.3.4.1  H.3.4.2  H.3.4.3  H.3.4.4  H.3.4.5,
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

            H.3.4.0___Current_awareness_information_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            H.3.4.1___Distributed_information_systems;

            H.3.4.2___Information_networks;

            H.3.4.3___Performance_evaluation_of_Information_Systems_and_Software
              subdomain of: Performance (pm)  ACM_evaluation (pm);

            H.3.4.4___Question-answering_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            H.3.4.5___User_profiles_and_alert_services;

         H.3.5___Online_Information_Services
           subdomain:  H.3.5.0  H.3.5.1  H.3.5.2;

            H.3.5.0___Commercial_services;

            H.3.5.1___Data_sharing;

            H.3.5.2___Web-based_services;

         H.3.6___Library_Automation
           subdomain:  H.3.6.0;

            H.3.6.0___Large_text_archives;

         H.3.7___Digital_Libraries
           subdomain:  H.3.7.0  H.3.7.1  H.3.7.2  H.3.7.3  H.3.7.4;

            H.3.7.0___Digital_Libraries_Collection;

            H.3.7.1___Digital_Libraries_Dissemination;

            H.3.7.2___Digital_Libraries_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

            H.3.7.3___Systems_issues
              subdomain of:  ACM_issue (pm);

            H.3.7.4___User_issues
              subdomain of:  ACM_issue (pm);

         H.3.m___INFORMATION_STORAGE_AND_RETRIEVAL_Miscellaneous;

      H.4___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS
        subdomain:  H.4.0  H.4.1  H.4.2  H.4.3  H.4.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         H.4.0___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS_General;

         H.4.1___Office_Automation  (^See also acm#I.7.^)
           subdomain:  H.4.1.0  H.4.1.1  H.4.1.2  H.4.1.3  H.4.1.4  H.4.1.5  H.4.1.6;

            H.4.1.0___Desktop_publishing;

            H.4.1.1___Equipment.INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS
              (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            H.4.1.2___Groupware;

            H.4.1.3___Spreadsheets;

            H.4.1.4___Time_management.INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS  subdomain of: Management (pm);

            H.4.1.5___Word_processing;

            H.4.1.6___Workflow_management  subdomain of: Management (pm);

         H.4.2___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS_Types_of_Systems
           subdomain:  H.4.2.0  H.4.2.1;

            H.4.2.0___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS_Decision_support;

            H.4.2.1___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS_Logistics;

         H.4.3___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Communications_Applications
           subdomain:  H.4.3.0  H.4.3.1  H.4.3.2  H.4.3.3  H.4.3.4;

            H.4.3.0___Bulletin_boards;

            H.4.3.1___Computer_conferencing_-_teleconferencing_-_and_videoconferencing;

            H.4.3.2___Electronic_mail;

            H.4.3.3___Information_browsers;

            H.4.3.4___Videotex;

         H.4.m___INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_APPLICATIONS_Miscellaneous;

      H.5___INFORMATION_INTERFACES_AND_PRESENTATION  (^See also acm#I.7.^)
        subdomain:  H.5.0  H.5.1  H.5.2  H.5.3  H.5.4  H.5.5  H.5.m;

         H.5.0___INFORMATION_INTERFACES_AND_PRESENTATION_General;

         H.5.1___Multimedia_Information_Systems
           subdomain:  H.5.1.0  H.5.1.1  H.5.1.2  H.5.1.3  H.5.1.4  H.5.1.5,
           subdomain of:  is#multimedia_domain (pm);

            H.5.1.0___Animations;

            H.5.1.1___Artificial_-_augmented_-_and_virtual_realities;

            H.5.1.2___Audio_input/output.Multimedia_Information_Systems;

            H.5.1.3___Multimedia_Information_Systems_Evaluation/methodology
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm)  ACM_method (pm);

            H.5.1.4___Hypertext_navigation_and_maps
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            H.5.1.5___Multimedia_Information_Systems_Video;

         H.5.2___User_Interfaces  (^See also acm#D.2.2, acm#H.1.2, acm#I.3.6.^)
           subdomain:  H.5.2.0  H.5.2.1  H.5.2.2  H.5.2.3  H.5.2.4  H.5.2.5  H.5.2.6  H.5.2.7
                       H.5.2.8  H.5.2.9  H.5.2.10  H.5.2.11  H.5.2.12  H.5.2.13  H.5.2.14
                       H.5.2.15  H.5.2.16  H.5.2.17  H.5.2.18;

            H.5.2.0___User_Interfaces_Auditory_feedback;

            H.5.2.1___User_Interfaces_Benchmarking  subdomain of:  ACM_benchmarking (pm);

            H.5.2.2___User_Interfaces_Ergonomics;

            H.5.2.3___User_Interfaces_Evaluation/methodology
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm)  ACM_method (pm);

            H.5.2.4___Graphical_user_interfaces;

            H.5.2.5___User_Interfaces_Haptic_I/O;

            H.5.2.6___User_Interfaces_Input_devices_and_strategies;

            H.5.2.7___User_Interfaces_Interaction_styles
              subdomain of:  ACM_style (pm);

            H.5.2.8___User_Interfaces_Natural_language
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            H.5.2.9___User_Interfaces_Prototyping;

            H.5.2.10___User_Interfaces_Screen_design
              subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            H.5.2.11___User_Interfaces_Standardization
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

            H.5.2.12___User_Interfaces_Style_guides
              subdomain of:  ACM_style (pm);

            H.5.2.13___User_Interfaces_Theory_and_methods
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm)  ACM_method (pm);

            H.5.2.14___User_Interfaces_Training_-_help_-_and_documentation
              subdomain of:  Documentation (pm);

            H.5.2.15___User_Interfaces_User-centered_design  subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            H.5.2.16___User_interface_management_systems  subdomain of: Management (pm);

            H.5.2.17___User_Interfaces_Voice_I/O;

            H.5.2.18___Windowing_systems;

         H.5.3___Group_and_Organization_Interfaces
           subdomain:  H.5.3.0  H.5.3.1  H.5.3.2  H.5.3.3  H.5.3.4  H.5.3.5  H.5.3.6  H.5.3.7,
           subdomain of:  ACM_organization (pm);

            H.5.3.0___Asynchronous_interaction;

            H.5.3.1___Collaborative_computing;

            H.5.3.2___Computer-supported_cooperative_work;

            H.5.3.3___Group_and_Organization_Interface_Evaluation/methodology
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm)  ACM_method (pm);

            H.5.3.4___Group_and_Organization_Interface_Organizational_design
              subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            H.5.3.5___Synchronous_interaction;

            H.5.3.6___Group_and_Organization_Interface_Theory_and_models
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            H.5.3.7___Web-based_interaction;

         H.5.4___Hypertext/Hypermedia  (^See also acm#I.7, acm#J.7.^)
           subdomain:  H.5.4.0  H.5.4.1  H.5.4.2  H.5.4.3;

            H.5.4.0___Hypertext/Hypermedia_Architectures
              subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

            H.5.4.1___Hypertext/Hypermedia_Navigation;

            H.5.4.2___Hypertext/Hypermedia_Theory
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            H.5.4.3___Hypertext/Hypermedia_User_issues
              subdomain of:  ACM_issue (pm);

         H.5.5___Sound_and_Music_Computing  (^See also acm#J.5.^)
           subdomain:  H.5.5.0  H.5.5.1  H.5.5.2  H.5.5.3;

            H.5.5.0___Sound_and_Music_Computing_Methodologies_and_techniques
              subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

            H.5.5.1___Sound_and_Music_Computing_Modeling
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            H.5.5.2___Sound_and_Music_Computing_Signal_analysis_-_synthesis_-_and_processing
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            H.5.5.3___Sound_and_Music_Computing_Systems;

         H.5.m___INFORMATION_INTERFACES_AND_PRESENTATION_Miscellaneous;

      H.m___Information_Systems_MISCELLANEOUS;


I. Computing Methodologies

   I___Computing_Methodologies
     subdomain:  I.0  I.1  I.2  I.3  I.4  I.5  I.6  I.7  I.m,
     subdomain of:  ACM_method (pm);

      I.0___Computing_Methodologies_GENERAL;

      I.1___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_MANIPULATION
        subdomain:  I.1.0  I.1.1  I.1.2  I.1.3  I.1.4  I.1.m;

         I.1.0___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_MANIPULATION_General;

         I.1.1___Expressions_and_Their_Representation  (^See also acm#E.1, acm#E.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.1.1.0  I.1.1.1;

            I.1.1.0___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Representations;

            I.1.1.1___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Simplification_of_expressions;

         I.1.2___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Algorithms  (^See also acm#F.2.1, acm#F.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.1.2.0  I.1.2.1  I.1.2.2,
           subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            I.1.2.0___Algebraic_algorithms;

            I.1.2.1___Analysis_of_SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_algorithms
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            I.1.2.2___Nonalgebraic_algorithms;

         I.1.3___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Languages_and_Systems
             (^See also acm#D.3.2, acm#D.3.3, acm#F.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.1.3.0  I.1.3.1  I.1.3.2  I.1.3.3  I.1.3.4,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.1.3.0___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Evaluation_strategies
             subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm);

            I.1.3.1___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Nonprocedural_languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.1.3.2___Special-purpose_algebraic_systems;

            I.1.3.3___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Special-purpose_hardware
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_hardware (pm);

            I.1.3.4___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Substitution_mechanisms
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.1.4___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_Applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         I.1.m___SYMBOLIC_AND_ALGEBRAIC_MANIPULATION_Miscellaneous;

      I.2___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE
        subdomain:  I.2.0  I.2.1  I.2.2  I.2.3  I.2.4  I.2.5  I.2.6  I.2.7
                    I.2.8  I.2.9  I.2.10  I.2.11  I.2.m,
        subdomain of:  #artificial_intelligence (pm);

         I.2.0___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_General
           subdomain:  I.2.0.0  I.2.0.1;

            I.2.0.0___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Cognitive_simulation
              subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm);

            I.2.0.1___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Philosophical_foundations;

         I.2.1___Applications_and_Expert_Systems  (^See also acm#H.4, acm#J.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.1.0  I.2.1.1  I.2.1.2  I.2.1.3  I.2.1.4  I.2.1.5  I.2.1.6,
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            I.2.1.0___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Cartography;

            I.2.1.1___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Games;

            I.2.1.2___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Industrial_automation;

            I.2.1.3___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Law;

            I.2.1.4___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Medicine_and_science;

            I.2.1.5___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Natural_language_interfaces  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.2.1.6___APPLICATIONS_AND_EXPERT_SYSTEMS_Office_automation;

         I.2.2___Automatic_Programming  (^See also acm#D.1.2, acm#F.3.1, acm#F.4.1.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.2.0  I.2.2.1  I.2.2.2  I.2.2.3  I.2.2.4;

            I.2.2.0___Automatic_analysis_of_algorithms
              subdomain of: Algorithms (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            I.2.2.1___Automatic_Program_modification;

            I.2.2.2___Automatic_Program_synthesis;

            I.2.2.3___Automatic_Program_transformation;

            I.2.2.4___Automatic_Program_verification
              subdomain of:  Verification (pm);

         I.2.3___Deduction_and_Theorem_Proving  (^See also acm#F.4.1.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.3.0  I.2.3.1  I.2.3.2  I.2.3.3  I.2.3.4  I.2.3.5  I.2.3.6  I.2.3.7  I.2.3.8,
           subdomain of:  ACM_logic (pm);

            I.2.3.0___Answer/reason_extraction;

            I.2.3.1___Deduction.Deduction_and_Theorem_Proving;

            I.2.3.2___Inference_engines;

            I.2.3.3___Logic_programming;

            I.2.3.4___Mathematical_induction;

            I.2.3.5___Metatheory.Deduction_and_Theorem_Proving
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            I.2.3.6___Nonmonotonic_reasoning_and_belief_revision;

            I.2.3.7___Resolution.Deduction_and_Theorem_Proving;

            I.2.3.8___Uncertainty_-_fuzzy_and_probabilistic_reasoning;

         I.2.4___Knowledge_Representation_Formalisms_and_Methods  (^See also acm#F.4.1.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.4.0  I.2.4.1  I.2.4.2  I.2.4.3  I.2.4.4  I.2.4.5  I.2.4.6  I.2.4.7,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm)  ACM_logic (pm);

            I.2.4.0___Frames_and_scripts;

            I.2.4.1___Modal_logic;

            I.2.4.2___Predicate_logic;

            I.2.4.3___Relation_systems;

            I.2.4.4___Representation_languages;

            I.2.4.5___Representations;

            I.2.4.6___Semantic_networks
              subdomain of: ACM_semantic (pm);

            I.2.4.7___Temporal_logic;

         I.2.5___Programming_Languages_and_Software  (^See also acm#D.3.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.5.0,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm)  ACM_software (pm);

            I.2.5.0___Expert_system_tools_and_techniques;

         I.2.6___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Learning  (^See also acm#K.3.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.6.0  I.2.6.1  I.2.6.2  I.2.6.3  I.2.6.4  I.2.6.5  I.2.6.6;

            I.2.6.0___Analogies.ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Learning;

            I.2.6.1___Concept_learning;

            I.2.6.2___Connectionism_and_neural_nets;

            I.2.6.3___Induction.ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Learning;

            I.2.6.4___Knowledge_acquisition;

            I.2.6.5___Language_acquisition.ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Learning
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.2.6.6___Parameter_learning.ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Learning;

         I.2.7___Natural_Language_Processing
           subdomain:  I.2.7.0  I.2.7.1  I.2.7.2  I.2.7.3  I.2.7.4  I.2.7.5  I.2.7.6,
           subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.2.7.0___NATURAL_LANGUAGE_PROCESSING_Discourse;

            I.2.7.1___Language_generation;

            I.2.7.2___Language_models
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            I.2.7.3___Language_parsing_and_understanding;

            I.2.7.4___Machine_translation;

            I.2.7.5___Speech_recognition_and_synthesis;

            I.2.7.6___Text_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.2.8___Problem_Solving_-_Control_Methods_-_and_Search  (^See also acm#F.2.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.8.0  I.2.8.1  I.2.8.2  I.2.8.3  I.2.8.4  I.2.8.5  I.2.8.6;

            I.2.8.0___Backtracking.Problem_Solving;

            I.2.8.1___Control_theory.Problem_Solving
              subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

            I.2.8.2___Dynamic_programming;

            I.2.8.3___Graph_and_tree_search_strategies;

            I.2.8.4___Heuristic_methods;

            I.2.8.5___Plan_execution_-_formation_-_and_generation;

            I.2.8.6___Scheduling.Problem_Solving;

         I.2.9___Robotics
           subdomain:  I.2.9.0  I.2.9.1  I.2.9.2  I.2.9.3  I.2.9.4  I.2.9.5  I.2.9.6  I.2.9.7;

            I.2.9.0___Autonomous_vehicles;

            I.2.9.1___Commercial_robots_and_applications
              subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            I.2.9.2___Kinematics_and_dynamics;

            I.2.9.3___Manipulators.Robotics;

            I.2.9.4___Operator_interfaces.Robotics;

            I.2.9.5___Propelling_mechanisms.Robotics;

            I.2.9.6___Sensors.Robotics;

            I.2.9.7___Workcell_organization_and_planning
              subdomain of:  ACM_organization (pm);

         I.2.10___Vision_and_Scene_Understanding  (^See also acm#I.4.8_-_acm#I.5.^)
           subdomain:  I.2.10.0  I.2.10.1  I.2.10.2  I.2.10.3  I.2.10.4  I.2.10.5  I.2.10.6  I.2.10.7  I.2.10.8  I.2.10.9;

            I.2.10.0___3D/stereo_scene_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            I.2.10.1___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Architecture_and_control_structures
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
               subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

            I.2.10.2___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Intensity_-_color_-_photometry_-_and_thresholding;

            I.2.10.3___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Modeling_and_recovery_of_physical_attributes
              subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm),
              core_domain_object: ACM_Recovery (pm);

            I.2.10.4___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Motion;

            I.2.10.5___Perceptual_reasoning;

            I.2.10.6___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Representations_-_data_structures_-_and_transforms;

            I.2.10.7___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Shape;

            I.2.10.8___VISION_AND_SCENE_UNDERSTANDING_Texture;

            I.2.10.9___Video_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.2.11___Distributed_Artificial_Intelligence
           subdomain:  I.2.11.0  I.2.11.1  I.2.11.2  I.2.11.3;

            I.2.11.0___DISTRIBUTED_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Coherence_and_coordination;

            I.2.11.1___Intelligent_agents;

            I.2.11.2___DISTRIBUTED_ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Languages_and_structures
               subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.2.11.3___Multiagent_systems;

         I.2.m___ARTIFICIAL_INTELLIGENCE_Miscellaneous;

      I.3___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS
        subdomain:  I.3.0  I.3.1  I.3.2  I.3.3  I.3.4  I.3.5  I.3.6  I.3.7  I.3.8  I.3.m;

         I.3.0___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_General;

         I.3.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Hardware_Architecture  (^See also acm#B.4.2.^)
           subdomain:  I.3.1.0  I.3.1.1  I.3.1.2  I.3.1.3  I.3.1.4  I.3.1.5  I.3.1.6  I.3.1.7,
           subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm)  ACM_hardware (pm);

            I.3.1.0___Graphics_processors;

            I.3.1.1___Hardcopy_devices (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.1.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Input_devices;

            I.3.1.3___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Parallel_processing;

            I.3.1.4___Raster_display_devices;

            I.3.1.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Storage_devices
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.1.6___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Three-dimensional_displays
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.1.7___Vector_display_devices
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.3.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Systems  (^See also acm#C.2.1_-_acm#C.2.4_-_acm#C.3.^)
           subdomain:  I.3.2.0  I.3.2.1  I.3.2.2;

            I.3.2.0___Distributed/network_graphics;

            I.3.2.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Remote_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.2.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Stand-alone_systems
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.3.3___Picture/Image_Generation
           subdomain:  I.3.3.0  I.3.3.1  I.3.3.2  I.3.3.3  I.3.3.4  I.3.3.5;

            I.3.3.0___Antialiasing
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.3.1___Bitmap_and_framebuffer_operations;

            I.3.3.2___Digitizing_and_scanning;

            I.3.3.3___Display_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            I.3.3.4___Line_and_curve_generation;

            I.3.3.5___Viewing_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

         I.3.4___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Utilities
           subdomain:  I.3.4.0  I.3.4.1  I.3.4.2  I.3.4.3  I.3.4.4  I.3.4.5  I.3.4.6  I.3.4.7  I.3.4.8;

            I.3.4.0___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Application_packages
              subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            I.3.4.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Device_drivers
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.4.2___Graphics_editors;

            I.3.4.3___Graphics_packages;

            I.3.4.4___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Meta_files
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_file (pm);

            I.3.4.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Paint_systems;

            I.3.4.6___Picture_description_languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.3.4.7___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Software_support
               subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

            I.3.4.8___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Virtual_device_interfaces;

         I.3.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Computational_Geometry_and_Object_Modeling
           subdomain:  I.3.5.0  I.3.5.1  I.3.5.2  I.3.5.3  I.3.5.4  I.3.5.5  I.3.5.6  I.3.5.7  I.3.5.8,
           subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            I.3.5.0___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Boundary_representations;

            I.3.5.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Constructive_solid_geometry
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.5.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Curve_-_surface_-_solid_-_and_object_representations;

            I.3.5.3___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Geometric_algorithms_-_languages_-_and_systems
              subdomain of: Algorithms (pm)  Languages (pm);

            I.3.5.4___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Hierarchy_and_geometric_transformations;

            I.3.5.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Modeling_packages;

            I.3.5.6___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Object_hierarchies;

            I.3.5.7___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Physically_based_modeling;

            I.3.5.8___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Splines;

         I.3.6___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Methodology_and_Techniques
           subdomain:  I.3.6.0  I.3.6.1  I.3.6.2  I.3.6.3  I.3.6.4  I.3.6.5;

            I.3.6.0___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Device_independence
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.3.6.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Ergonomics;

            I.3.6.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_data_structures_and_data_types;

            I.3.6.3___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Interaction_techniques;

            I.3.6.4___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Languages  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.3.6.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         I.3.7___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Three-Dimensional_Graphics_and_Realism
           subdomain:  I.3.7.0  I.3.7.1  I.3.7.2  I.3.7.3  I.3.7.4  I.3.7.5  I.3.7.6  I.3.7.7;

            I.3.7.0___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Animation;

            I.3.7.1___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Color_-_shading_-_shadowing_-_and_texture;

            I.3.7.2___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Fractals;

            I.3.7.3___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Hidden_line/surface_removal;

            I.3.7.4___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Radiosity;

            I.3.7.5___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Raytracing;

            I.3.7.6___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Virtual_reality;

            I.3.7.7___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Visible_line/surface_algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

         I.3.8___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         I.3.m___COMPUTER_GRAPHICS_Miscellaneous;

      I.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION
        subdomain:  I.4.0  I.4.1  I.4.2  I.4.3  I.4.4  I.4.5  I.4.6  I.4.7  I.4.8  I.4.9  I.4.10  I.4.m;

         I.4.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_General
           subdomain:  I.4.0.0  I.4.0.1;

            I.4.0.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_displays;

            I.4.0.1___Image_processing_software
              subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

         I.4.1___Digitization_and_Image_Capture
           subdomain:  I.4.1.0  I.4.1.1  I.4.1.2  I.4.1.3  I.4.1.4  I.4.1.5  I.4.1.6;

            I.4.1.0___Camera_calibration;

            I.4.1.1___Imaging_geometry;

            I.4.1.2___Quantization;

            I.4.1.3___Radiometry;

            I.4.1.4___Reflectance;

            I.4.1.5___Sampling;

            I.4.1.6___Scanning;

         I.4.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Compression  (^See also acm#E.4.^)
           subdomain:  I.4.2.0  I.4.2.1;

            I.4.2.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Approximate_Compression_methods;

            I.4.2.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Exact_Compression_coding
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.4.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Enhancement
           subdomain:  I.4.3.0  I.4.3.1  I.4.3.2  I.4.3.3  I.4.3.4  I.4.3.5;

            I.4.3.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Filtering;

            I.4.3.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Geometric_correction;

            I.4.3.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Grayscale_manipulation;

            I.4.3.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Registration;

            I.4.3.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Sharpening_and_deblurring
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.4.3.5___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Smoothing;

         I.4.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Restoration
           subdomain:  I.4.4.0  I.4.4.1  I.4.4.2  I.4.4.3;

            I.4.4.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Inverse_filtering
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.4.4.1___Kalman_filtering;

            I.4.4.2___Pseudoinverse_restoration
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.4.4.3___Wiener_filtering
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.4.5___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Reconstruction
           subdomain:  I.4.5.0  I.4.5.1  I.4.5.2;

            I.4.5.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Series_expansion_methods;

            I.4.5.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Summation_methods
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.4.5.2___TIMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_ransform_methods;

         I.4.6___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Segmentation
           subdomain:  I.4.6.0  I.4.6.1  I.4.6.2  I.4.6.3;

            I.4.6.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Edge_and_feature_detection;

            I.4.6.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Pixel_classification;

            I.4.6.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Region_growing_-_partitioning;

            I.4.6.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Relaxation;

         I.4.7___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Feature_Measurement
           subdomain:  I.4.7.0  I.4.7.1  I.4.7.2  I.4.7.3  I.4.7.4  I.4.7.5,
           subdomain of: Measurement (pm);

            I.4.7.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Feature_representation;

            I.4.7.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Feature_Invariants;

            I.4.7.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Moments;

            I.4.7.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Projections;

            I.4.7.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Size_and_shape;

            I.4.7.5___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Texture;

         I.4.8___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Scene_Analysis
           subdomain:  I.4.8.0  I.4.8.1  I.4.8.2  I.4.8.3  I.4.8.4  I.4.8.5  I.4.8.6  I.4.8.7  I.4.8.8  I.4.8.9  I.4.8.10  I.4.8.11  I.4.8.12,
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            I.4.8.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Color;

            I.4.8.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Depth_cues;

            I.4.8.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Motion;

            I.4.8.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Object_recognition;

            I.4.8.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Photometry;

            I.4.8.5___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Range_data;

            I.4.8.6___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Sensor_fusion;

            I.4.8.7___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Shading;

            I.4.8.8___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Shape;

            I.4.8.9___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Stereo;

            I.4.8.10___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Surface_fitting;

            I.4.8.11___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Time-varying_imagery;

            I.4.8.12___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_SCENE_ANALYSIS_Tracking;

         I.4.9___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         I.4.10___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Image_Representation
           subdomain:  I.4.10.0  I.4.10.1  I.4.10.2  I.4.10.3  I.4.10.4;

            I.4.10.0___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_IMAGE_REPRESENTATION_Hierarchical;

            I.4.10.1___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_IMAGE_REPRESENTATION_Morphological;

            I.4.10.2___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_IMAGE_REPRESENTATION_Multidimensional;

            I.4.10.3___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_IMAGE_REPRESENTATION_Statistical;

            I.4.10.4___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_IMAGE_REPRESENTATION_Volumetric;

         I.4.m___IMAGE_PROCESSING_AND_COMPUTER_VISION_Miscellaneous;

      I.5___Computing_Methodologies_PATTERN_RECOGNITION
        subdomain:  I.5.0  I.5.1  I.5.2  I.5.3  I.5.4  I.5.5  I.5.m;

         I.5.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_General;

         I.5.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Models
           subdomain:  I.5.1.0  I.5.1.1  I.5.1.2  I.5.1.3  I.5.1.4  I.5.1.5,
           subdomain of:  ACM_model (pm);

            I.5.1.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Deterministic
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.5.1.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Fuzzy_set;

            I.5.1.2___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Geometric;

            I.5.1.3___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Neural_nets;

            I.5.1.4___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Statistical;

            I.5.1.5___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_MODELS_Structural;

         I.5.2___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Design_Methodology
           subdomain:  I.5.2.0  I.5.2.1  I.5.2.2,
           subdomain of:  Design (pm);

            I.5.2.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Classifier_design_and_evaluation
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm);

            I.5.2.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Feature_evaluation_and_selection
              subdomain of:  ACM_evaluation (pm);

            I.5.2.2___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Pattern_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.5.3___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Clustering
           subdomain:  I.5.3.0  I.5.3.1;

            I.5.3.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_CLUSTERING_Algorithms  subdomain of: Algorithms (pm);

            I.5.3.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_CLUSTERING_Similarity_measures;

         I.5.4___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Applications
           subdomain:  I.5.4.0  I.5.4.1  I.5.4.2  I.5.4.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            I.5.4.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_APPLICATIONS_Computer_vision;

            I.5.4.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_APPLICATIONS_Signal_processing;

            I.5.4.2___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_APPLICATIONS_Text_processing;

            I.5.4.3___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_APPLICATIONS_Waveform_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.5.5___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Implementation  (^See also acm#C.3.^)
           subdomain:  I.5.5.0  I.5.5.1;

            I.5.5.0___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Interactive_systems;

            I.5.5.1___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Special_architectures
              subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

         I.5.m___PATTERN_RECOGNITION_Miscellaneous;

      I.6___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING  (^See also acm#G.3.^)
        subdomain:  I.6.0  I.6.1  I.6.2  I.6.3  I.6.4  I.6.5  I.6.6  I.6.7  I.6.8  I.6.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_simulation (pm)  ACM_model (pm);

         I.6.0___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_General;

         I.6.1___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Theory
           subdomain:  I.6.1.0  I.6.1.1  I.6.1.2;

            I.6.1.0___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Model_classification;

            I.6.1.1___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Systems_theory;

            I.6.1.2___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Types_of_simulation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1991.^);

         I.6.2___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Languages  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

         I.6.3___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Applications
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

         I.6.4___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Model_Validation_and_Analysis
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.6.5___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Model_Development
           subdomain:  I.6.5.0;

            I.6.5.0___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Modeling_methodologies;

         I.6.6___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Output_Analysis
           subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

         I.6.7___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Support_Systems
           subdomain:  I.6.7.0;

            I.6.7.0___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Environments;

         I.6.8___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Types_of_Simulation
           subdomain:  I.6.8.0  I.6.8.1  I.6.8.2  I.6.8.3  I.6.8.4  I.6.8.5  I.6.8.6  I.6.8.7  I.6.8.8;

            I.6.8.0___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Animation;

            I.6.8.1___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Combined;

            I.6.8.2___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Continuous;

            I.6.8.3___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Discrete_event;

            I.6.8.4___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Distributed;

            I.6.8.5___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Gaming;

            I.6.8.6___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Monte_Carlo;

            I.6.8.7___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Parallel;

            I.6.8.8___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Visual;

         I.6.m___SIMULATION_AND_MODELING_Miscellaneous;

      I.7___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING  (^See also acm#H.4_-_acm#H.5.^)
        subdomain:  I.7.0  I.7.1  I.7.2  I.7.3  I.7.4  I.7.m;

         I.7.0___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_General;

         I.7.1___Document_and_Text_Editing
           subdomain:  I.7.1.0  I.7.1.1  I.7.1.2  I.7.1.3;

            I.7.1.0___Document_management  subdomain of: Management (pm);

            I.7.1.1___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Languages
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.7.1.2___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Spelling
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            I.7.1.3___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Version_control;

         I.7.2___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Document_Preparation
           subdomain:  I.7.2.0  I.7.2.1  I.7.2.2  I.7.2.3  I.7.2.4  I.7.2.5  I.7.2.6  I.7.2.7  I.7.2.8  I.7.2.9;

            I.7.2.0___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Desktop_publishing;

            I.7.2.1___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Format_and_notation;

            I.7.2.2___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Hypertext/hypermedia;

            I.7.2.3___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Index_generation;

            I.7.2.4___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Languages_and_systems;

            I.7.2.5___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Markup_languages  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.7.2.6___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Multi/mixed_media;

            I.7.2.7___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Photocomposition/typesetting;

            I.7.2.8___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Scripting_languages  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

            I.7.2.9___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Standards
              subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         I.7.3___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Index_Generation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         I.7.4___Electronic_Publishing  (^See also acm#H.5.4, acm#J.7, acm#I.4.1.^)
           subdomain:  I.7.4.0  I.7.4.1  I.7.4.2  I.7.4.3;

            I.7.4.0___ELECTRONIC_PUBLISHING_Document_analysis
              subdomain of:  ACM_analysis (pm);

            I.7.4.1___ELECTRONIC_PUBLISHING_Graphics_recognition_and_interpretation;

            I.7.4.2___ELECTRONIC_PUBLISHING_Optical_character_recognition;

            I.7.4.3___ELECTRONIC_PUBLISHING_Scanning;

         I.7.m___DOCUMENT_AND_TEXT_PROCESSING_Miscellaneous;

      I.m___Computing_Methodologies_MISCELLANEOUS;


J. Computer Applications

   J___Computer_Applications
     subdomain:  J.0  J.1  J.2  J.3  J.4  J.5  J.6  J.7  J.m,
     subdomain of:  ACM_application;

      J.0___Computer_Applications_GENERAL;

      J.1___Computer_Applications_ADMINISTRATIVE_DATA_PROCESSING
        subdomain:  J.1.0  J.1.1  J.1.2  J.1.3  J.1.4  J.1.5  J.1.6  J.1.7;

         J.1.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Business;

         J.1.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Education
           subdomain of:  ACM_education (pm);

         J.1.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Financial;

         J.1.3___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Government;

         J.1.4___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Law;

         J.1.5___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Manufacturing;

         J.1.6___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Marketing;

         J.1.7___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Military;

      J.2___Computer_Applications_PHYSICAL_SCIENCES_AND_ENGINEERING
        subdomain:  J.2.0  J.2.1  J.2.2  J.2.3  J.2.4  J.2.5  J.2.6  J.2.7  J.2.8;

         J.2.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Aerospace;

         J.2.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Archaeology;

         J.2.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Astronomy;

         J.2.3___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Chemistry;

         J.2.4___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Earth_and_atmospheric_sciences;

         J.2.5___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Electronics;

         J.2.6___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Engineering;

         J.2.7___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Mathematics_and_statistics;

         J.2.8___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Physics;

      J.3___Computer_Applications_LIFE_AND_MEDICAL_SCIENCES
        subdomain:  J.3.0  J.3.1  J.3.2;

         J.3.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Biology_and_genetics;

         J.3.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Health;

         J.3.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Medical_information_systems;

      J.4___Computer_Applications_SOCIAL_AND_BEHAVIORAL_SCIENCES
        subdomain:  J.4.0  J.4.1  J.4.2;

         J.4.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Economics  subdomain of:  Economics (pm);

         J.4.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Psychology;

         J.4.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Sociology;

      J.5___Computer_Applications_ARTS_AND_HUMANITIES
        subdomain:  J.5.0  J.5.1  J.5.2  J.5.3  J.5.4  J.5.5  J.5.6  J.5.7;

         J.5.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Architecture
           subdomain of:  ACM_architecture (pm);

         J.5.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Arts_-_fine_and_performing
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         J.5.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Fine_arts;

         J.5.3___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Language_translation  subdomain of:  Languages (pm);

         J.5.4___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Linguistics;

         J.5.5___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Literature;

         J.5.6___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Music
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         J.5.7___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Performing_arts;

      J.6___Computer_Applications_COMPUTER-AIDED_ENGINEERING
        subdomain:  J.6.0  J.6.1;

         J.6.0___CCOMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_omputer-aided_design  subdomain of:  Design (pm);

         J.6.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Computer-aided_manufacturing;

      J.7___Computer_Applications_APPLICATIONS_OF_COMPUTERS_IN_OTHER_SYSTEMS  (^See also acm#C.3.^)
        subdomain:  J.7.0  J.7.1  J.7.2  J.7.3  J.7.4  J.7.5  J.7.6;

         J.7.0___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Command_and_control;

         J.7.1___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Consumer_products;

         J.7.2___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Industrial_control;

         J.7.3___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Military;

         J.7.4___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Process_control;

         J.7.5___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Publishing;

         J.7.6___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_Real_time;

      J.m___COMPUTER_APPLICATIONS_MISCELLANEOUS;


K. Computing Milieux

   K___Computing_Milieux
     subdomain:  K.0  K.1  K.2  K.3  K.4  K.5  K.6  K.7  K.8  K.m;

      K.0___Computing_Milieux_GENERAL;

      K.1___THE_COMPUTER_INDUSTRY
        subdomain:  K.1.0  K.1.1  K.1.2  K.1.3;

         K.1.0___THE_COMPUTER_INDUSTRY_Markets;

         K.1.1___THE_COMPUTER_INDUSTRY_Standards
           subdomain of:  Standardization (pm);

         K.1.2___THE_COMPUTER_INDUSTRY_Statistics;

         K.1.3___THE_COMPUTER_INDUSTRY_Suppliers;

      K.2___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING
        subdomain:  K.2.0  K.2.1  K.2.2  K.2.3  K.2.4;

         K.2.0___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING_Hardware
           subdomain of:  ACM_hardware (pm);

         K.2.1___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING_People;

         K.2.2___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING_Software 
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

         K.2.3___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING_Systems;

         K.2.4___HISTORY_OF_COMPUTING_Theory
           subdomain of:  Theory (pm);

      K.3___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION
        subdomain:  K.3.0  K.3.1  K.3.2  K.3.m,
        subdomain of:  ACM_education (pm);

         K.3.0___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_General;

         K.3.1___Computer_Uses_in_Education
           subdomain:  K.3.1.0  K.3.1.1  K.3.1.2  K.3.1.3;

            K.3.1.0___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Collaborative_learning;

            K.3.1.1___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Computer-assisted_instruction;

            K.3.1.2___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Computer-managed_instruction;

            K.3.1.3___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Distance_learning;

         K.3.2___Computer_and_Information_Science_Education
           subdomain:  K.3.2.0  K.3.2.1  K.3.2.2  K.3.2.3  K.3.2.4  K.3.2.5;

            K.3.2.0___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Accreditation;

            K.3.2.1___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Computer_science_education;

            K.3.2.2___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Curriculum;

            K.3.2.3___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Information_systems_education;

            K.3.2.4___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Literacy;

            K.3.2.5___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Self-assessment;

         K.3.m___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  K.3.m.0  K.3.m.1;

            K.3.m.0___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Accreditation
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            K.3.m.1___COMPUTERS_AND_EDUCATION_Computer_literacy
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      K.4___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY
        subdomain:  K.4.0  K.4.1  K.4.2  K.4.3  K.4.4  K.4.m;

         K.4.0___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_General;

         K.4.1___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Public_Policy_Issues
           subdomain:  K.4.1.0  K.4.1.1  K.4.1.2  K.4.1.3  K.4.1.4  K.4.1.5  K.4.1.6  K.4.1.7  K.4.1.8,
           subdomain of:  ACM_issue (pm)  Legal_Aspects (pm);

            K.4.1.0___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Abuse_and_crime_involving_computers;

            K.4.1.1___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Computer-related_health_issues;

            K.4.1.2___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Ethics;

            K.4.1.3___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Human_safety;

            K.4.1.4___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Intellectual_property_rights;

            K.4.1.5___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Privacy;

            K.4.1.6___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Regulation;

            K.4.1.7___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Transborder_data_flow;

            K.4.1.8___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Use/abuse_of_power;

         K.4.2___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Social_Issues
           subdomain:  K.4.2.0  K.4.2.1  K.4.2.2  K.4.2.3;

            K.4.2.0___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Abuse_and_crime_involving_computers
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            K.4.2.1___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Assistive_technologies_for_persons_with_disabilities;

            K.4.2.2___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Employment;

            K.4.2.3___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Handicapped_persons/special_needs
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         K.4.3___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Organizational_Impacts
           subdomain:  K.4.3.0  K.4.3.1  K.4.3.2  K.4.3.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_organization (pm);

            K.4.3.0___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Automation;

            K.4.3.1___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Computer-supported_collaborative_work;

            K.4.3.2___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Employment;

            K.4.3.3___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Reengineering;

         K.4.4___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Electronic_Commerce  (^See also acm#J.1.^)
           subdomain:  K.4.4.0  K.4.4.1  K.4.4.2  K.4.4.3  K.4.4.4  K.4.4.5;

            K.4.4.0___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Cybercash_-_digital_cash;

            K.4.4.1___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Distributed_commercial_transactions;

            K.4.4.2___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Electronic_data_interchange;

            K.4.4.3___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Intellectual_property
              subdomain of: Legal_Aspects (pm);

            K.4.4.4___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Payment_schemes;

            K.4.4.5___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Security
              subdomain of:  Security (pm);

         K.4.m___COMPUTERS_AND_SOCIETY_Miscellaneous;

      K.5___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING
        subdomain:  K.5.0  K.5.1  K.5.2  K.5.m,
        subdomain of:  Legal_Aspects (pm);

         K.5.0___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_General;

         K.5.1___Hardware/Software_Protection
           subdomain:  K.5.1.0  K.5.1.1  K.5.1.2  K.5.1.3  K.5.1.4,
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm)  ACM_hardware (pm);

            K.5.1.0___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Copyrights;

            K.5.1.1___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Licensing;

            K.5.1.2___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Patents;

            K.5.1.3___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Proprietary_rights;

            K.5.1.4___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Trade_secrets
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

         K.5.2___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Governmental_Issues
           subdomain:  K.5.2.0  K.5.2.1  K.5.2.2,
           subdomain of:  ACM_issue (pm);

            K.5.2.0___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Censorship;

            K.5.2.1___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Regulation;

            K.5.2.2___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Taxation;

         K.5.m___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  K.5.m.0  K.5.m.1;

            K.5.m.0___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING__Contracts
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            K.5.m.1___LEGAL_ASPECTS_OF_COMPUTING_Hardware_patents
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^)
              subdomain of:  ACM_hardware (pm);

      K.6___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS
        subdomain:  K.6.0  K.6.1  K.6.2  K.6.3  K.6.4  K.6.5  K.6.m,
        subdomain of: Management (pm);

         K.6.0___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_General
           subdomain:  K.6.0.0;

            K.6.0.0___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Economics
              subdomain of:  Economics (pm);

         K.6.1___Computing_Project_and_People_Management
           subdomain:  K.6.1.0  K.6.1.1  K.6.1.2  K.6.1.3  K.6.1.4  K.6.1.5  K.6.1.6;

            K.6.1.0___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Life_cycle;

            K.6.1.1___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Management_techniques;

            K.6.1.2___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Staffing;

            K.6.1.3___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_Strategic_information_systems_planning;

            K.6.1.4___Systems_analysis_and_design
              subdomain of:  Design (pm)  ACM_analysis (pm);

            K.6.1.5___Systems_development;

            K.6.1.6___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Training;

         K.6.2___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Installation_Management
           subdomain:  K.6.2.0  K.6.2.1  K.6.2.2  K.6.2.3  K.6.2.4;

            K.6.2.0___COMPUTING_Benchmarks  subdomain of:  ACM_benchmarking (pm);

            K.6.2.1___Installation_Management_Computer_selection;

            K.6.2.2___Computing_equipment_management;

            K.6.2.3___Performance_and_usage_measurement
              subdomain of: Measurement (pm)  Performance (pm);

            K.6.2.4___Computer_Pricing_and_resource_allocation;

         K.6.3___Software_Management  (^See also acm#D.2.9.^)
           subdomain:  K.6.3.0  K.6.3.1  K.6.3.2  K.6.3.3,
           subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

            K.6.3.0___Software_development;

            K.6.3.1___Software_maintenance;

            K.6.3.2___Software_process;

            K.6.3.3___Software_selection;

         K.6.4___Computer_System_Management
           subdomain:  K.6.4.0  K.6.4.1  K.6.4.2;

            K.6.4.0___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_MANAGEMENT_Centralization/decentralization;

            K.6.4.1___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_MANAGEMENT_Management_audit;

            K.6.4.2___COMPUTER_SYSTEM_MANAGEMENT_Quality_assurance
              subdomain of:  ACM_quality_assurance (pm);

         K.6.5___COMPUTER_Security_and_Protection  (^See also acm#D.4.6, acm#K.4.2.^)
           subdomain:  K.6.5.0  K.6.5.1  K.6.5.2  K.6.5.3  K.6.5.4,
           subdomain of:  Security (pm);

            K.6.5.0___COMPUTER_SECURITY_AND_PROTECTION_Authentication;

            K.6.5.1___COMPUTER_SECURITY_AND_PROTECTION_Insurance
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1991.^);

            K.6.5.2___COMPUTER_SECURITY_AND_PROTECTION_Invasive_software
              subdomain of:  ACM_software (pm);

            K.6.5.3___COMPUTER_SECURITY_AND_PROTECTION_Physical_security
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            K.6.5.4___COMPUTER_SECURITY_AND_PROTECTION_Unauthorized_access;

         K.6.m___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  K.6.m.0  K.6.m.1;

            K.6.m.0___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Insurance
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1991.^);

            K.6.m.1___MANAGEMENT_OF_COMPUTING_AND_INFORMATION_SYSTEMS_Security
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1991.^)
              subdomain of:  Security (pm);

      K.7___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION
        subdomain:  K.7.0  K.7.1  K.7.2  K.7.3  K.7.4  K.7.m;

         K.7.0___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_General;

         K.7.1___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Occupations;

         K.7.2___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Organizations  core_domain_object:  #organization (pm);

         K.7.3___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Testing_-_Certification_-_and_Licensing
           subdomain of:  ACM_testing (pm)  Legal_Aspects (pm);

         K.7.4___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Professional_Ethics  (^See also acm#K.4.^)
           subdomain:  K.7.4.0  K.7.4.1  K.7.4.2,
           subdomain of: Legal_Aspects (pm);

            K.7.4.0___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Codes_of_ethics;

            K.7.4.1___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Codes_of_good_practice;

            K.7.4.2___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Ethical_dilemmas;

         K.7.m___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Miscellaneous
           subdomain:  K.7.m.0  K.7.m.1;

            K.7.m.0___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Codes_of_good_practice
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

            K.7.m.1___THE_COMPUTING_PROFESSION_Ethics
               (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1998.^);

      K.8___PERSONAL_COMPUTING
        subdomain:  K.8.0  K.8.1  K.8.2  K.8.3  K.8.m;

         K.8.0___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_General  (^Deprecated, no longer used as of January 1991.^)
           subdomain:  K.8.0.0;

            K.8.0.0___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Games;

         K.8.1___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Application_Packages
           subdomain:  K.8.1.0  K.8.1.1  K.8.1.2  K.8.1.3  K.8.1.4  K.8.1.5,
           subdomain of:  ACM_application;

            K.8.1.0___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Data_communications
              subdomain of:  ACM_communication (pm);

            K.8.1.1___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Database_processing
              subdomain of:  ACM_database (pm);

            K.8.1.2___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Freeware/shareware;

            K.8.1.3___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Graphics;

            K.8.1.4___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Spreadsheets;

            K.8.1.5___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Word_processing;

         K.8.2___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Hardware
           subdomain of:  ACM_hardware (pm);

         K.8.3___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Management/Maintenance  subdomain of: Management (pm);

         K.8.m___PERSONAL_COMPUTING_Miscellaneous;

      K.m___Computing_Milieux_MISCELLANEOUS;