nothing impossibility bottom_type http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml the type of logically impossible objects (not of imaginary objects such as unicorns); this type cannot have any instance or subtype thing http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml any object is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type; in WebKB, we have not found any use for such a tip-top type (nor for daml#nothing) for inferencing or anything else; on the contrary, it is a nuisance when the ontology is explored e.g. for inferencing, presentation or backup purposes; therefore we have not explicitly given it subtypes nor instances thing something top_concept_type philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ something that is not a relation situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ something that "occurs" in a (real or imagined) region of time and space state philippe.martin@gu.edu.au situation not changing and not making a change during a given period of time process philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ situation that makes a change during some period of time event philippe.martin@gu.edu.au process considered instantaneous from some viewpoint; classification under this category is application-dependant problem_solving_process philippe.martin@gu.edu.au cognitive activity to solve a problem task philippe.martin@gu.edu.au processes modelled in knowledge acquisition, e.g. a diagnostic real_life_task philippe.martin@gu.edu.au a task composed of more basic tasks knowledge_engineering philippe.martin@gu.edu.au making a knowledge based system knowledge_engineering_with_KADS philippe.martin@gu.edu.au making a knowledge based system using KADS methodology process physical_independent_occurrent spatially_located_process sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Process">click here for details</a> phenomenon philippe.martin@gu.edu.au situation known through the senses rather than by reasoning situation physical_mediating_occurrent spatially_located_situation sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Situation">click here for details</a> situation_playing_some_role philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. a causal situation entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ something that can be "involved" in a situation spatial_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ space region or thing occupying a space region space philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ point or extent in space physical_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ spatial entity made of matter entity_that_can_be_alive philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ e.g. an animal, a cell living_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au entity that is alive physical_entity_that_cannot_be_alive philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ e.g. a bottle dead_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au entity that is no more alive physical_entity_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au object physical_independent_continuant independent_spatial_entity sowa@bestweb.net $(pm: what about objects in O.O.L.?)$ <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Object">click here for details</a> nonspatial_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ e.g. knowledge, motivation, language, measure psychological_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction)$ feature/product of mental activity, e.g. feeling description_content/medium/container philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ description philippe.martin@gu.edu.au description (content/medium) of an entity or a situation description_content information philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction)$ e.g. a narration, an hypothesis knowledge_representation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au what a formal/semi-formal statement expresses proposition abstract_relative_thing situation_description sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Proposition">click here for details</a> description abstract_relative_continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Description">click here for details</a> history abstract_relative_occurrent sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#History">click here for details</a> intention abstract_mediating_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Intention">click here for details</a> reason abstract_mediating_continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Reason">click here for details</a> purpose abstract_mediating_occurrent sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Purpose">click here for details</a> narration philippe.martin@gu.edu.au report, story, biography, etc. fact_generalization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au description generalizing facts or ideas description_with_KADS_inference_structure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au dataflow graph of "inferences" (tasks) the inputs/outputs of which are described by "roles" role http://www.swi.psy.uva.nl/projects/CommonKADS/home.html description_medium philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction)$ e.g. a syntax, a language, a script abstract_data_type philippe.martin@gu.edu.au atomic or structured atomic_ADT philippe.martin@gu.edu.au number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html real real_number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html rational http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html integer http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html natural natural_number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html positive positive_integer http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html integer>0 zero http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html The class containing only 0 negative negative_integer http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html integer < 0 even even_number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html Even integer odd odd_number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html Odd integer complex complex_number http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html Complex number boolean philippe.martin@gu.edu.au two instances: true and false true http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html false http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html structured_ADT philippe.martin@gu.edu.au list http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html null null_list http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html type of empty lists nil http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html empty list instance single list_with_1_element http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html list of length 1 double list_with_2_elements http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html list of length 2 triple list_with_3_elements http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html list of length 3 container http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ seq http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ list http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml disjoint disjoint_list_of_classes http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml classes in such a list are pairwise disjoint alt http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ alternatives (exclusive or inclusive?) or_bag philippe.martin@gu.edu.au bag of OR-ed elements xor_bag philippe.martin@gu.edu.au bag of XOR-ed elements set http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html ADT where duplicate elements are not allowed or_set philippe.martin@gu.edu.au set of OR-ed elements xor_set philippe.martin@gu.edu.au set of XOR-ed elements array philippe.martin@gu.edu.au string philippe.martin@gu.edu.au literal http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ name_string philippe.martin@gu.edu.au form abstract_independent_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Form">click here for details</a> schema abstract_independent_continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Schema">click here for details</a> script abstract_independent_occurrent sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Script">click here for details</a> container_of_description philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction; some subcategories of #representation_container could be regarded as physical objects but only their storage role is considered here)$ file, image, ... but not a disk or a piece of paper document_element document DE philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(only #document as subtype, not #written_document, #document.communication, #record)$ a part of a document or the whole document attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ e.g. mass, mass unit, 1 kg, frequency, [2-3] hz, color, blue, speed, 1 m/s time_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ measure of points or intervals in time spatial_attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. length measure in meters length_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au physical_attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. mass/length/color measure; most subtypes of #property.attribute, e.g. #visual_property living_entity_attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au date_of_birth D.O.B. birthdate philippe.martin@gu.edu.au not a birthday process_attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. a speed measure in km/h speed_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au process_measure_unit philippe.martin@gu.edu.au absorption_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au radiation_measure_unit philippe.martin@gu.edu.au social_attribute_or_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au identifier id philippe.martin@gu.edu.au URI Uniform_Ressource_Identifier philippe.martin@gu.edu.au URL Uniform_Ressource_Locator philippe.martin@gu.edu.au URN Uniform_Ressource_Number philippe.martin@gu.edu.au modality_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. pm#never is as an instance temporal_modality_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au never philippe.martin@gu.edu.au rarely philippe.martin@gu.edu.au often philippe.martin@gu.edu.au always philippe.martin@gu.edu.au collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction)$ something gathering separated things (entities/situations) structure physical_mediating_continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Structure">click here for details</a> type philippe.martin@gu.edu.au second-order type or more class http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ all classes that are not binary relation classes are instance of that object property http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ all binary relation classes are instance of that object constrained_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au object_property http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml antisymmetric_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au partial_order_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au irreflexive_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au reflexive_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au symmetric_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au transitive_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au functional_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au property with maxCardinality=1; e.g. integer successor: if P is functional, then if P(x,y) and P(x,z) then y=z injective_relation_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au if P is injective, then if P(x,y) and P(z,y) then x=z; e.g. if nameOfMonth(m,"Feb") and nameOfMonth(n,"Feb") then m and n are the same month constraint_resource http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ undivisible_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au classification under this category is application-dependant divisible_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(distinction)$ composite_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au divisible entity with discrete parts entity_playing_some_role philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ e.g. an agent, an owner owned_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(#creation_result may be physical or not)$ entity_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au process_recipient philippe.martin@gu.edu.au recipient of a process process_object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au causal_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ something (animal or software agent) able to act goal_directed_agent philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ goal directed causal entity (ex:a problem solver or an interactional agent) cognitive_agent philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ for example an animal or an AI-agent conscious_agent philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ for example a person non_conscious_cognitive_agent philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. AI_Agent perhaps_goal_directed_causal_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. supernatural forces without_goal_causal_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au non conscious entity and not AI_Agent imaginary_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au an entity that has been imagined imaginary_spatial_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. a cartoon character thing_playing_some_role philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations; distinction)$ category to classify things according to roles/viewpoints; classification under this category is application-dependant created_thing philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. entity or situation that results from a process; in WordNet, #creation_result is for entities while #resultant is for situation thing_needed_for_some_process philippe.martin@gu.edu.au thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au $(many specializations)$ usable as relation type contact_point philippe.martin@gu.edu.au phone_No philippe.martin@gu.edu.au mediating_thing sowa@bestweb.net Peirce/Sowa's notion of "thirdness"; <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Mediating">click here for details</a> nexus physical_mediating_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Nexus">click here for details</a> relative_thing sowa@bestweb.net Peirce/Sowa's notion of "secondness"; <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Relative">click here for details</a> prehension physical_relative_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Prehension">click here for details</a> juncture physical_relative_continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Juncture">click here for details</a> participation physical_relative_occurrent sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Participation">click here for details</a> independent_thing sowa@bestweb.net Peirce/Sowa's notion of "firstness"; <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Independent">click here for details</a> actuality physical_independent_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Actuality">click here for details</a> physical_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Physical">click here for details</a> abstract_thing sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Abstract">click here for details</a> continuant sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Continuant">click here for details</a> occurrent sowa@bestweb.net <a href="http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm#Occurrent">click here for details</a> relation related_with philippe.martin@gu.edu.au type for any relation (unary, binary, ..., *-ary) and instance of rdf#property relation_from_type philippe.martin@gu.edu.au type of relations from a concept/relation type, i.e. in RDFS terminology, from a class or a property relation_from_property philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_between_properties philippe.martin@gu.edu.au same_property_as http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml in WebKB, use the link '=' sub_property_of http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ in WebKB, use the link '<' reverse philippe.martin@gu.edu.au for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-' range http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ domain http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ relation_from_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_between_classes philippe.martin@gu.edu.au same_class_as http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml in WebKB, use the link '=' sub_class_of super_class supertype http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ in WebKB, use the link '<' exclusive_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au the 2 classes have no common subtype/instance; in WebKB, use the link '!' complement_class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au if something is not in one of the classes, then it is in the other, and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '/' restricted_by http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml instance philippe.martin@gu.edu.au wnObject philippe.martin@gu.edu.au wnNounType philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_class_to_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au instances philippe.martin@gu.edu.au subclasses philippe.martin@gu.edu.au union_of http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for unionOf(X,Y) read: X is the union of the classes in the list Y; i.e. if something is in any of the classes in Y, it's in X, and vice versa disjoint_union_of http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for disjointUnionOf(X,Y) read: X is the disjoint union of the classes in the list Y: (a) for any c1 and c2 in Y, disjointWith(c1,c2), and (b) i.e. if something is in any of the classes in Y, it's in X, and vice versa intersection_of http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for intersectionOf(X,Y) read: X is the intersection of the classes in the list Y; i.e. if something is in all the classes in Y, then it's in X, and vice versa one_of http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for oneOf(C,L) read everything in C is one of the things in L relation_from_restriction philippe.martin@gu.edu.au on_property http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P), read: R is a restricted with respect to property P to_class http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and toClass(R,X), read: i is in class R if and only if for all j, P(i,j) implies type(j,X) has_value http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and hasValue(R,V), read: i is in class R if and only if P(i,V); toValue is an obsolete name has_class http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and hasClass(R,X), read: i is in class R if and only if for some j, P(i,j) and type(j,X) has_class_q http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml property for specifying class restriction with cardinalityQ constraints cardinality http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and cardinality(R,n), read: i is in class R if and only if there are exactly n distinct j with P(i,j) cardinality_q http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P), cardinalityQ(R,n) and hasClassQ(R,X), read: i is in class R if and only if there are exactly n distinct j with P(i,j) and type(j,X) min_cardinality http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and minCardinality(R,n), read: i is in class R if and only if there are at least n distinct j with P(i,j) min_cardinality_q http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P), minCardinalityQ(R,n) and hasClassQ(R,X), read: i is in class R if and only if there are at least n distinct j with P(i,j) max_cardinality http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P) and maxCardinality(R,n), read: i is in class R if and only if there are at most n distinct j with P(i,j) max_cardinality_q http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for onProperty(R,P), maxCardinalityQ(R,n) and hasClassQ(R,X), read: i is in class R if and only if there are at most n distinct j with P(i,j) and type(j,X) Type type http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify the nature or genre of the content of a resource; SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB kind type class philippe.martin@gu.edu.au name philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Title title http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a name of a resource Identifier identifier http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a reference that is unambiguous within a given context; SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB label http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ in WebKB, use the link '_' instead plural http://tap.stanford.edu/daml to specify plural names; do not use in WebKB singular http://tap.stanford.edu/daml to specify singular names; do not use in WebKB Description http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify an account of the content of a resource; in WebKB, pm#descr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD descr philippe.martin@gu.edu.au for connecting an object to a formal representation of it, e.g. a representation written with a fcg url philippe.martin@gu.edu.au file_or_file_element philippe.martin@gu.edu.au file philippe.martin@gu.edu.au home_page philippe.martin@gu.edu.au file_element philippe.martin@gu.edu.au description_container description_support descr_container descr_support philippe.martin@gu.edu.au permits to associate a statement with an object on which it is represented version_info http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml generally, a string giving information about this version; e.g. RCS/CVS keywords title philippe.martin@gu.edu.au for connecting an object to its "title" in a natural language comment http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ for connecting an object to an informal representation of it, typically a node with a string inside; in WebKB, ANNOTATIONS SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD Subject subject http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify 1 or several topics; in WebKB, pm#descr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD see_also http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ is_defined_by http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ in WebKB, pm#definition SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD definition philippe.martin@gu.edu.au imports http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml if imports(X,Y) and you believe X, then you should believe what is in Y creator philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Creator creator http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify an entity primarily responsible for making the content of a resource author philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Relation http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a reference to a related resource; in WebKB, pm#relation or MORE PRECISE RELATION TYPES SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD different different_from philippe.martin@gu.edu.au different_individual_from http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml relation_from_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au member philippe.martin@gu.edu.au member http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html item philippe.martin@gu.edu.au item http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml for item(L,I) read: I is an item in L; either first(L,I) or item(R,I) where rest(L,R) li http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ first http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html first http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml last http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html butlast http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html nth http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html nthrest http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html size number_of_elements philippe.martin@gu.edu.au length http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html minimal_size philippe.martin@gu.edu.au maximal_size philippe.martin@gu.edu.au percentage philippe.martin@gu.edu.au average philippe.martin@gu.edu.au to specify an average on the values relation_between_collections philippe.martin@gu.edu.au sub_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au a partial order relation ending_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au ending_list philippe.martin@gu.edu.au sublist ending_list_of http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html USE pm#ending_list INSTEAD OF THIS RELATION TYPE; "sublist" is a misleading name; "ending_list_of" is better overlapping_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au not_overlapping_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au collection_complement philippe.martin@gu.edu.au rest http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html rest http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml append http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html revappend http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html reverse http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html relation_to_collection philippe.martin@gu.edu.au listof http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html setof http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html parts philippe.martin@gu.edu.au item item_of http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html USE pm#item INSTEAD OF THIS RELATION TYPE; "item" is a misleading name, "item_of" is better cons http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html adjoin http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html remove http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html subst http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html value http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ principal value (usually a string) of a property when the property value is a structured resource (e.g. "2 kg" or " 020 in Dewey Decimal Code") rdf_reification_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au predicate http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ the property used in a statement when representing the statement in reified form subject http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ resource that a statement is describing when representing the statement in reified form object http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ object of a statement when representing the statement in reified form descr_in philippe.martin@gu.edu.au when a thing t has a description stored in a description container dc, there is a relation pm#descr_in from t to dc relation_from_description_content/medium/container philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_description philippe.martin@gu.edu.au logical_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au and philippe.martin@gu.edu.au contextualizing_logical_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au or philippe.martin@gu.edu.au xor either philippe.martin@gu.edu.au implication then therefore philippe.martin@gu.edu.au equivalence equivalentTo iff philippe.martin@gu.edu.au contextualizing_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au modality philippe.martin@gu.edu.au believer philippe.martin@gu.edu.au corrective_specialization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au corrective_generalization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au correction philippe.martin@gu.edu.au overriding_specialization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au version philippe.martin@gu.edu.au ascii_content philippe.martin@gu.edu.au exact_ascii_content philippe.martin@gu.edu.au ascii_content_except_for_spaces philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Coverage coverage http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify 1 or several topics; in WebKB, PRECISE RELATIONS SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD Contributor contributor http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify an entity responsible for making contributions to the content of a resource Source source http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a resource from which a resource is derived Publisher publisher http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify an entity responsible for making a resource available Rights rights http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify rights held in and over a resource authoring_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au authoring_date philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Language http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a language for the content of a resource language philippe.martin@gu.edu.au Format http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify the physical or digital manifestation of a resource; in WebKB, this relation type SHOULD NOT BE USED; see pm#format, pm#description_instrument and pm#descr instead format philippe.martin@gu.edu.au description_instrument descr_instrument philippe.martin@gu.edu.au description_object descr_object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au just for documentation: its reverse, pm#descr, should be used instead physical_support description_physical_support descr_physical_support descr_support philippe.martin@gu.edu.au rhetorical_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au argumentation_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au answer philippe.martin@gu.edu.au contribution philippe.martin@gu.edu.au replacement philippe.martin@gu.edu.au confirmation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au reference philippe.martin@gu.edu.au argument philippe.martin@gu.edu.au weak_argument philippe.martin@gu.edu.au strong_argument philippe.martin@gu.edu.au proof philippe.martin@gu.edu.au example philippe.martin@gu.edu.au contradiction philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_situation_to_time_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au date philippe.martin@gu.edu.au duration philippe.martin@gu.edu.au from_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au departure_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au until_time to_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au arrival_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au before_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au place philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_situation_to_situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au later_situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au next_situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au termination philippe.martin@gu.edu.au consequence philippe.martin@gu.edu.au case_relation thematic_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au agent doer philippe.martin@gu.edu.au initiator philippe.martin@gu.edu.au experiencer philippe.martin@gu.edu.au instrument philippe.martin@gu.edu.au object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au input philippe.martin@gu.edu.au material philippe.martin@gu.edu.au parameter philippe.martin@gu.edu.au input_output philippe.martin@gu.edu.au modified_object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au muted_object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au deleted_object philippe.martin@gu.edu.au result philippe.martin@gu.edu.au output philippe.martin@gu.edu.au recipient philippe.martin@gu.edu.au beneficiary philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_process philippe.martin@gu.edu.au purpose philippe.martin@gu.edu.au triggering_event philippe.martin@gu.edu.au ending_event philippe.martin@gu.edu.au precondition philippe.martin@gu.edu.au postcondition philippe.martin@gu.edu.au sub_process philippe.martin@gu.edu.au method philippe.martin@gu.edu.au from_place philippe.martin@gu.edu.au to_place philippe.martin@gu.edu.au via_place philippe.martin@gu.edu.au path philippe.martin@gu.edu.au process_attribute philippe.martin@gu.edu.au manner philippe.martin@gu.edu.au within_group philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_to_time_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_time_measure_to_time_measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au near_time philippe.martin@gu.edu.au before philippe.martin@gu.edu.au instance of _total_order_relation Date date http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm to specify a date associated with an event in the life cycle of a resource; in WebKB, pm#time or other MORE PRECISE RELATIONS SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD authoring_time;//tap#publish_date philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation_from_spatial_entity relation_from_a_spatial_entity philippe.martin@gu.edu.au location philippe.martin@gu.edu.au on_location on philippe.martin@gu.edu.au above_location above philippe.martin@gu.edu.au in_location in philippe.martin@gu.edu.au address philippe.martin@gu.edu.au main_address philippe.martin@gu.edu.au secondary_address philippe.martin@gu.edu.au near_location near philippe.martin@gu.edu.au interior_location philippe.martin@gu.edu.au exterior_location philippe.martin@gu.edu.au before_location philippe.martin@gu.edu.au attributive_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au owner philippe.martin@gu.edu.au seller vendor vender philippe.martin@gu.edu.au customer client buyer purchaser vendee philippe.martin@gu.edu.au generator philippe.martin@gu.edu.au parent philippe.martin@gu.edu.au measure philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. [a weight, measure: 75 kg] attribute philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. [a car, attribute: a weight] spatial_attribute philippe.martin@gu.edu.au physical_attribute philippe.martin@gu.edu.au it is better to use WordNet types as relations (when allowed) than subtype such a type social_attribute philippe.martin@gu.edu.au ordering_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au e.g. pm#kind, rdfs#sub_class_of, pm#part, pm#equal partial_order_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au instance of _partial_order_relation_class total_order_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au inferior_to less_than superior philippe.martin@gu.edu.au type to specialize superior_to more_than inferior philippe.martin@gu.edu.au AVOID USING THIS TYPE: use the reverse relation type pm#inferior_to instead inferior_or_equal_to less_than_or_equal_to superior_or_equal maximum philippe.martin@gu.edu.au type to specialize superior_or_equal_to more_than_or_equal_to inferior_or_equal minimum philippe.martin@gu.edu.au AVOID USING THIS TYPE: use the reverse relation type pm#inferior_or_equal_to instead generalization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au specialization philippe.martin@gu.edu.au substance philippe.martin@gu.edu.au matter philippe.martin@gu.edu.au wnMember philippe.martin@gu.edu.au member relation in WordNet part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au physical_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au sub_situation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au main_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au first_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au last_part philippe.martin@gu.edu.au equivalence_relation philippe.martin@gu.edu.au instance of equivalence_relation_class similar philippe.martin@gu.edu.au equal philippe.martin@gu.edu.au "=" in KIF equivalent_to http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml MORE PRECISE TYPES THAN THIS ONE SHOULD BE USED same_individual_as http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml relation_for_an_application philippe.martin@gu.edu.au relation introduced by an application entity http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own physical existence (living or nonliving) self-contained_entity thing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("self-contained_entity" added as key; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ a separate and self-contained entity anything http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a thing of any kind; "do you have anything to declare?" something http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a thing of some kind; "is there something you want?" whole_thing whole unit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the repairman simply replaced the unit" living_thing organism being http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations; "living_thing" first; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ a living (or once living) entity that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently life.living_thing life http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ living things collectively; "the oceans are teeming with life" biont http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a discrete unit of living matter cell http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("cell" set as key; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals causal_agent cause causal_agency http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ any entity that causes events to happen person individual someone somebody mortal human soul http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a human being; "there was too much for one person to do" animal animate_being beast brute creature fauna http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a living organism characterized by voluntary movement plant flora plant_life http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a living organism lacking the power of locomotion holy_of_holies http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ something that is regarded as inviolable or sacred; "every politician fears to touch that holy of holies, the Social Security System" physical_object object objet chose http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects" natural_object http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an object occurring naturally; not made by man substance.physical_object substance matter http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter" nutrient food http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue artifact artefact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations)$ a man-made object taken as a whole article.artifact article http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ one of a class of artifacts; "an article of clothing" psychological_feature http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a feature of the mental life of a living organism abstraction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples cognition knowledge noesis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning motivation motive need http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action; the reason for the action; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives" feeling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #psychological_feature replaced by pm#state; in the annotation, "the psychological feature of" changed to "the state of")$ the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria" location http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general and useless)$ a point or extent in space shape form http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #attribute replaced by pm#space)$ the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; "geometry is the mathematical science of shape" time http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("time" set as key; '<' #abstraction removed since too general and useless)$ the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past space http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #abstraction removed since too general and useless)$ the unlimited 3-dimensional expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space" absolute_space http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ physical space independent of what occupies it state http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("state" set a key)$ the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state" event http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something that happens at a given place and time human_action act human_activity http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations)$ something that people do or cause to happen group grouping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ any number of entities (members) considered as a unit possession http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("possession" set as key)$ anything owned or possessed attribute http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #abstraction removed since too general and useless)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity relation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $('<' #abstraction removed since too general and useless)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together social_relation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a relation between living organisms (especially between people) communication http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something that is communicated between people or groups measure quantity amount quantum http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations; "measure" set as key; '<' #abstraction removed since too general and useless)$ how much there is of something that you can measure phenomenon http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning thing.action thing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(pm: artificial)$ an action; "how could you do such a thing?" benignity kindness http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a kind act achievement accomplishment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action of accomplishing something deed feat effort exploit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a notable achievement: "he performed a great deed"; "the book was her finest effort" masterpiece http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an outstanding achievement masterstroke http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an achievement demonstrating great skill or mastery credit.achievement credit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ used in the phrase "to your credit" to indicate an achievement deserving praise; "she already had several performances to her credit" action http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $(many specializations)$ something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions" course_of_action course http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mode of action; "if you persist in that course you will surely fail" collision_course http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a course of action (following a given philosophy) that will lead to conflict if it continues unabated interaction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting interplay http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ reciprocal action and reaction contact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ close interaction: "they kept in daily contact"; "they claimed that they had been in contact with extraterrestrial beings" eye_contact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ contact that occurs when two people look directly at each other; "a teacher should make eye contact with the students" placement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ contact established between applicants and prospective employees; "the agency provided placement services" interchange.interaction interchange reciprocation give-and-take http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ mutual interaction; the activity of interchanging or reciprocating reciprocity http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges dealings traffic http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ social or verbal interchange (usually followed by `with') relation.dealings relation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups: "international relations" playing.action playing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action of taking part in a game or sport or other recreation sword_play play http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ $("sword_play" added as key)$ the act using a sword (or other weapon) vigorously and skillfully bowling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the playing of a game of tenpins or duckpins etc derring-do http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ brave and heroic deeds tour_de_force http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a masterly or brilliant feat performance.achievement performance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ any recognized accomplishment; "they admired his performance under stress"; "when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe" overachievement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ better than expected performance (better than might have been predicted from intelligence tests) underachievement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ poorer than expected performance (poorer than might have been predicted from intelligence tests) track_record.achievement track_record record http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the sum of recognized accomplishments; "the lawyer has a good record" fait_accompli accomplished_fact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an irreversible accomplishment going sledding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ advancing toward a goal; "persuading him was easy going" or "the proposal faces tough sledding" arrival.achievement arrival reaching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ accomplishment of an objective arrival http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of arriving at a certain place; "they awaited her arrival" attainment.arrival attainment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ arrival at a new stage; "his attainment of puberty was delayed by malnutrition" advent coming http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); "the advent of the computer" ingress entrance entering entry incoming http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of entering; "she made a grand entrance" incursion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of entering some territory or domain (often in large numbers); "the incursion of television into the American livingroom" intrusion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ entrance by force or without permission or welcome irruption http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sudden violent entrance; a bursting in; "the recent irruption of bad manners" entree http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of entering; "she made a graceful entree into the ballroom" enrollment registration enrolment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of enrolling appearance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of appearing in public view; "the rookie made a brief appearance in the first period"; "it was Bernhardt's last appearance in America" apparition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act of appearing or becoming visible unexpectedly; "natives were amazed at the apparition of this white stanger" emergence emersion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of emerging reappearance.appearance reappearance return http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of someone appearing again; "his reappearance as Hamlet has been long awaited" comeback http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ return by a celebrity to some previously successful activity return.arrival return homecoming http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a coming to or returning home; "on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party" repatriation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of returning to the country of origin penetration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of entering into or through something; "the penetration of upper management by women" interpenetration permeation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ thorough penetration anchorage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of anchoring docking moorage tying_up http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a act of securing an arriving vessel with ropes landing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of coming to land after a voyage landing.arrival landing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); "the plane made a smooth landing"; "his landing on his feet was catlike" forced_landing emergency_landing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unscheduled airplane landing that is made under circumstances (engine failure or adverse weather) not under the pilot's control going_away departure going leaving http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ act of departing breaking_away http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ departing hastily farewell leave leave-taking parting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of departing politely; "he disliked long farewells"; "he took his leave"; "parting is such sweet sorrow" valediction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of saying farewell disappearing disappearance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of leaving secretly or without explanation vanishing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ suddenly disappearing from sight withdrawal http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of withdrawing self-effacement effacement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ withdrawing into the background; making yourself inconspicuous retirement.withdrawal retirement retreat http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ withdrawal for prayer and study and meditation; "a religious retreat" evacuation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion; especially for protection decampment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ breaking camp desertion abandonment defection http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility; "his abandonment of his wife and children left them penniless" abscondment decampment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of running away secretly (as to avoid arrest) absence_without_leave unauthorized_absence http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ unauthorized military absence deviationism http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ ideological defection from the party line (especially from orthodox communism) emigration out-migration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ migration into a place immigration in-migration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ migration out of a place retreat http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (military) withdrawal to a more favorable position standdown http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (military) withdrawal of a military presence fallback disengagement pullout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ to break off a military action with an enemy receding.withdrawal receding recession http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act of becoming more distant sailing.going_away sailing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the departure of a vessel from a port debarkation disembarkation disembarkment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of passengers and crew getting off of a ship or aircraft going_ashore http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ debarkation from a boat or ship embarkation boarding embarkment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft exit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of going out elopement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of running away with a lover (usually to get married) escape flight http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of escaping physically; "he made his escape from the mental hospital"; "the canary escaped from its cage"; "his flight was an indication of his guilt" running_away http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ leaving (without permission) the place you are expected to be evasion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of physically escaping from something (an opponent or a pursuer or an unpleasant situation) by some adroit maneuver elusion slip eluding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of avoiding capture (especially by cunning) evasive_action maneuver manoeuvre http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an action aimed at evading an enemy clinch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in boxing) the act of one boxer holding onto the other to avoid being hit and to rest momentarily dodge http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a quick evasive movement breakout break jailbreak gaolbreak prisonbreak prison-breaking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an escape from jail; "the breakout was carefully planned" lam getaway http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a rapid escape (as by criminals); "the thieves made a clean getaway"; "after the expose he had to take it on the lam" exodus hegira hejira http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment Underground_Railroad Underground_Railway http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ abolitionists secret aid to escaping slaves; pre-Civil War in US close_call close_shave squeak squeaker narrow_escape http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something achieved (or escaped) by a narrow margin egression egress emergence http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent surfacing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ emerging to the surface and becoming apparent shipment dispatch despatch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of sending off something reshipment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of shipping again (especially by transferring to another ship) completion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of becoming or making complete: "her work is still far from completion" consummation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of bringing to completion or fruition consummation.completion consummation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse realization realisation fruition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something that is realized; "the victory was the realization of a whole year's work" orgasm climax sexual_climax coming http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse male_orgasm http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an orgasm accompanied by the sensation of ejaculation of semen fulfillment fulfilment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of consummating something (a desire or promise etc) self-fulfillment self-realization self-realisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the fulfillment of your capacities attainment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of achieving an aim; "the attainment of independence" record.attainment record http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport); "he tied the Olympic record"; "coffee production last year broke all previous records"; "Chicago set the homicide record" track_record http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the best recorded performance at a particular racetrack world_record http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the best record in the whole world success http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an attainment that is successful; "his success in the marathon was unexpected"; "his new play was a great success" winning http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ succeeding with great difficulty; "winning is not everything" smash hit bang strike http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a conspicuous success; "that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career" bell_ringer.success bell_ringer bull's_eye mark http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal; "the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer"; "scored a bull's eye"; "hit the mark" ennoblement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of raising someone to the nobility conquest http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ success in mastering something difficult; "the conquest of space" coup http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a brilliant and notable success flying_colors flying_colours http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ complete success; "they passed inspection with flying colors" qualifying passing pass http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ success in satisfying a test or requirement; "his future depended on his passing that test"; "he got a pass in introductory chemistry" course_credit credit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ educational recognition that a course of studies has been successfully completed semester_hour http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a unit of academic credit; one hour a week for an academic semester nonaccomplishment nonachievement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act that does not achieve its intended goal failure.omission failure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unexpected omission; "he resented my failure to return his call" failure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act that fails failing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ failure to reach a minimum required performance; "his failing the course led to his disqualification" naught http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ complete failure; "all my efforts led to naught" cut.absence cut http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unexcused absence from class; "he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class" default http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ loss due to not showing up; "he lost the game by default" loss http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of losing; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock" capitulation fall surrender http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); "they were protected until the capitulation of the fort" thwarting frustration foiling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts overturn upset http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an improbable and unexpected victory; "the biggest upset since David beat Goliath" backsliding lapse lapsing recidivism relapse relapsing reversion reverting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a failure to maintain a higher state dashing_hopes disappointment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act (or failure to act) that disappoints someone breach http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a failure to perform some promised act or obligation copout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a failure to face some difficulty squarely breach_of_contract http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach of a legal duty; failure to do something that is required in a contract anticipatory_breach constructive_breach http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance breach_of_duty http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach of due care breach_of_the_covenant_of_warranty http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a failure of the seller's guarantee of good title breach_of_promise http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ failure to keep a promise (of marriage) breach_of_trust http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ violation (either through fraud or negligence) by a trustee of a duty that equity requires of him breach_of_trust_with_fraudulent_intent http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ larceny after trust rather than after unlawful taking breach_of_warranty http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach that occurs when an item is deficient according to the terms of a warranty leaning http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act deviating from a vertical position material_breach http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach serious enough to destroy the value of the contract and to give a basis for an action for breach of contract partial_breach http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a breach that does not destroy the value of the contract but can give rise to a claim for damages mistake error fault http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; "he made a bad mistake"; "she was quick to point out my errors"; "I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults" double_fault http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (tennis) two successive faults in serving resulting in the loss of the point footfault http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a fault that occurs when the server in tennis fails to keep both feet behind the baseline misplay error http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed blot smear smirch spot stain http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act that brings discredit to the person who does it; "he made a huge blot on his copybook" mix-up confusion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; "he changed his name in order to avoid confusion with the notorious outlaw" incursion.mistake incursion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the mistake of incurring liability or blame miscalculation misreckoning misestimation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mistake in calculating boomerang backfire http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a miscalculation that recoils on its maker distortion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the mistake of misrepresenting the facts slip-up slip miscue parapraxis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc. Freudian_slip http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a slip-up that (according to Sigmund Freud) results from the operation of unconscious wishes or conflicts and can reveal unconscious processes in normal healthy individuals oversight lapse http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mistake resulting from inattention omission skip http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a mistake resulting from neglect blunder blooper bloomer bungle foul-up fuckup flub botch boner boo-boo http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an embarrassing mistake snafu http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an acronym often used by soldiers in World War II: Situation Normal All Fucked Up spectacle http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a blunder that makes you look ridiculous; used in the phrase "make a spectacle of" yourself ballup balls-up cockup mess-up http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (British) something badly botched or muddled bull http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a serious and ludicrous blunder; "he made a bad bull of the assignment" fumble muff http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ dropping the ball (in baseball or football) fluff http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a blunder (especially an actor's forgetting the lines) faux_pas gaffe solecism slip gaucherie http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a socially awkward or tactless act howler http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a glaring blunder clanger http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (British) a conspicuous mistake whose effects seem to reverberate; "he dropped a clanger" misstep trip stumble http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unintentional but embarrassing blunder; "he recited the whole poem without a single trip"; "confusion caused his unfortunate misstep" spill.slip spill tumble fall http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sudden drop from an upright position; "he had a nasty spill on the ice" acquisition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; "the acquisition of wealth"; "the acquisition of one company by another" acquiring getting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of acquiring something; "I envied his talent for acquiring new friends"; "did you hear about his getting a car?" obtainment obtention http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of obtaining contracting catching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ becoming infected; "catching cold is sometimes unavoidable"; "the contracting of a serious illness can be financially catastrophic" incurring http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable): "incurring debts is easier than paying them" moneymaking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of making money (and accumulating wealth) accession.acquisition accession addition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ something added to what you have already; "the librarian shelved the new accessions"; "he was a new addition to the staff" pork-barreling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ acquisition of government money for benefits to a specific locale: "keeps his hold on his constituents through unashamed pork-barreling" purchase http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the acquisition of something for payment; "they closed the purchase with a handshake" repurchase redemption buyback http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ purchasing back something previously sold trading http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ buying or selling securities or commodities bond_trading bond-trading_activity http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ trading in bonds (usually by a broker on the floor of an exchange) program_trading http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a trading technique involving large blocks of stock with trades triggered by computer programs short_sale short_selling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ sale of securities or commodity futures not owned by the seller (who hopes to buy them back later at a lower price) short_covering http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the purchase of securities or commodities by a short seller to close out a short sale insider_trading http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ buying or selling corporate stock by a corporate officer or other insider naked_option http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a put or call option for which the seller or buyer has no underlying security position covered_option http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a put or call option backed by the shares underlying the option call_option.option call_option call http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the option to buy a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date put put_option http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date straddle.option straddle http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the option to buy or sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date; consists of an equal number of put and call options incentive_option incentive_stock_option http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an option granted to corporate executives if the company achieves certain financial goals buying purchasing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of buying; "buying and selling fill their days"; "shrewd purchasing requires considerable knowledge" shopping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ searching for or buying goods or services: "went shopping for a reliable plumber"; "does her shopping at the mall rather than down town" marketing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ shopping at a market: "does the weekly marketing at the supermarket" mail-order_buying catalog_buying http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ buying goods to be shipped through the mail viatication viaticus http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ purchasing insurance policies for cash from terminally ill policy holders acceptance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of taking something that is offered; "her acceptance of the gift encouraged him"; "he anticipated their acceptance of his offer" taking_over succession http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ acquisition of property by descent or by will laying_claim assumption http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of power in 1934"; "he acquired all the company's assets for ten million dollars and the assumption of the company's debts" assumption http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of assuming or taking for granted; "your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted" position.assumption position http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom inheritance heritage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ hereditary succession to a title or an office or property procurement procurance procural http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of getting possession of something; "he was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies" appropriation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a deliberate act of acquisition borrowing.appropriation borrowing adoption http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source; "the borrowing of ancient motifs was very apparent" misappropriation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ wrongful borrowing; "his explanation was a misappropriation of sociological theory" preemption pre-emption http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a prior appropriation of something; "the preemption of bandwidth by commercial interests" seizure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the taking possession of something by legal process usurpation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ seizing and holding (an office or powers) by force confiscation arrogation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ seizure by the government distraint distress http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the seizure and holding of property as security for payment of a debt or satisfaction of a claim expropriation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ depriving an owner of property by taking it for public use impoundment impounding internment poundage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law impress impressment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of coercing someone into government service occupancy occupation taking_possession moving_in http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal" preoccupancy http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of taking occupancy before someone else does sequestration requisition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ seizing property that belongs to someone else and holding it until profits pay the demand for which it was seized subsidization grant subsidisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of providing a subsidy awarding award http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a grant made by a law court; "he criticized the awarding of compensation by the court" block_grant http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a grant of federal money to state and local governments to support social welfare programs; "block grants reduce federal responsibility for social welfare" grant-in-aid http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a grant from a central government to a local government gaining_control capture seizure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property apprehension arrest catch collar pinch taking_into_custody http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); "the policeman on the beat got credit for the collar" conquering conquest subjection subjugation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of conquering enslavement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of making slaves of your captives regaining restitution return restoration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ getting something back again; "upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing" clawback http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (British) finding a way to take money back from people that they were given in another way; "the Treasury will find some clawback for the extra benefits members received" repossession http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action of regaining possession (especially the seizure of collateral securing a loan that is in default) foreclosure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default reception.acquiring reception receipt http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of receiving disposal disposition http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act or means of getting rid of something appointment.disposal appointment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (law) the act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment; "she allocated part of the trust to her church by appointment" comb-out http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of carefully weeding out unwanted things or people; "the department got a good comb-out" giving.disposal giving http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ disposing of property by voluntary transfer without receiving value in return; "the alumni followed a program of annual giving" abandonment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the voluntary surrender of property (or a right to property) without attempting to reclaim it or give it away throwing_away discard http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ getting rid something that is regarded as useless or undesirable discard http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ to throw out a useless card or to fail to follow suit jettison http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ throwing cargo overboard to lighten the load when in distress mine_disposal http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the disposal of explosive mines minesweeping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the activity of detecting and disposing of marine mines sewage_disposal http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the disposal of sewage private_treaty http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agency auction_sale auction vendue http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the public sale of something to the highest bidder bootlegging http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of making of transporting alcoholic liquor for sale illegally; "the Prohibition amendment made bootlegging profitable" bootlegging.selling bootlegging http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of selling illegally or without permission; "the bootlegging of video tapes is common in the Orient" capitalization capitalisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the sale of capital stock overcapitalization overcapitalisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ too much capitalization (more than the business warrants) rally.deed rally rallying http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the feat of mustering strength for a renewed effort; "he singled to start a rally in the 9th inning"; "he feared the rallying of their troops for a counterattack" recovery.deed recovery retrieval http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) rescue deliverance delivery saving http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ recovery or preservation from loss or danger; "work is the deliverance of mankind": "a surgeon's job is the saving of lives" lifesaving http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ saving the lives of drowning persons; "he took a course in lifesaving" redemption salvation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil absolution remission remittal remission_of_sin http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of absolving or remitting; formal redemption as pronounced by a priest in the sacrament of penance spiritual_rebirth conversion rebirth http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life proselytism http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the state of being a proselyte; spiritual rebirth resulting from the zeal of crusading advocacy of the gospel propitiation expiation atonement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of atoning for sin or wrongdoing amends reparation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ compensation (given or received) for an injury or insult; "an act for which there is no reparation"; "how can I make amends?" freeing liberation release http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of liberating someone or something jail_delivery http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the use of force to liberate prisoners reformation reclamation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course salvage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of rescuing a ship or its crew or its cargo from a shipwreck or a fire salvage.rescue salvage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of saving goods or property that were in danger of damage or destruction salvation.rescue salvation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ saving someone or something from harm of from an unpleasant situation; "the salvation of his party was the president's major concern" search_and_rescue_mission http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a military rescue mission to search for survivors and to rescue them ransom.recovery ransom http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of freeing from captivity or punishment retaking recapture http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of taking something back recapture http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a legal seizure by the government of profits beyond a fixed amount effectuation implementation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something) invocation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of appealing for help instrumentation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of providing or using the instruments needed for some implementation execution performance carrying_out carrying_into_action http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; "they criticised his performance as mayor"; "experience generally improves performance" specific_performance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the performance of a legal contract as specified by its terms mechanism.execution mechanism mechanics http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ technical aspects of doing something; "mechanisms of communication"; "the mechanics of prose style" service.accommodation service http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the performance of duties by a waiter or servant; "that restaurant has excellent service" self-service http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the practice of serving yourself (as in a grocery or cafeteria) dramatic_production dramatic_performance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a performance of a drama encore http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an extra or repeated performance; usually given in response to audience demand extemporization extemporisation improvisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a performance given without planning or preparation juggle juggling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ throwing and catching several objects simultaneously magic_trick conjuring_trick trick magic legerdemain illusion deception http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers musical_performance http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ act of performing music one-night_stand http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a performance in one place on one night only rendition.performance rendition rendering interpretation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance reinterpretation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a new or different interpretation playing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of playing a musical instrument bowing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ managing the bow in playing a stringed instrument; "the violinist's bowing was excellent" spiccato_bowing spiccato http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ bowing in such a way that the bow bounces lightly off the strings piping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ playing a pipe or the bagpipes stopping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the kind of playing that involves pressing the fingers on the strings of a stringed instrument to control the pitch; "the violinist's stopping was excellent" double_stopping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ stopping two strings and producing two notes at the same time jam_session http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an impromptu jazz concert automation mechanization mechanisation high_technology high-tech http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a highly technical implementation; usually involving electronic hardware; "automation replaces human workers by machines" motorization motorisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of motorizing (equiping with motors or with motor vehicles) actuation propulsion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of propelling launching.actuation launching launch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of propelling with force launching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of moving a newly-built vessel into the water for the first time rocket_firing rocket_launching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the launching of a rocket or missile under its own power blastoff shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the launching of a missile or spacecraft to a specified destination moon_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the launching of a spacecraft to the moon driving_force drive thrust http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of applying force to propel something; "after reaching the desired velocity the drive is cut off" firewall http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (informal) the application of maximum thrust; "he slammed the throttle to the firewall" impulse impulsion impetus http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of applying force suddenly; "the impulse knocked him over" roll http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of rolling something (as the ball in bowling) throw http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist); "the catcher made a good throw to second base" bowling.throw bowling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (cricket) the act of delivering a cricket ball to the batsman fling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of flinging heave.throw heave heaving http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ throwing something heavy (with great effort); "he gave it a mighty heave"; "he was not good at heaving passes" hurl cast http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a violent throw leaner http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (horseshoes) the throw of a horseshoe so as to lean against (but not encircle) the stake toss pass flip http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (sports) the act of throwing the ball to another member of your team; "the pass was fumbled" pitch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action or manner of throwing something; "his pitch fell short and his hat landed on the floor" pitch.throw pitch delivery http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter ringer http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg shy http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a quick throw; "he gave the ball a shy to the first baseman" slinging http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ throwing with a wide motion (as if with a sling) throw-in http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (rugby football) an act or instance of throwing a ball in to put it into play balk http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an illegal pitching motion while runners are on base ball.pitch ball http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch that is not in the strike zone; "he threw nine straight balls before the manager yanked him" beanball beaner http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a baseball deliberately thrown at the batter's head change-up change-of-pace change-of-pace_ball off-speed_pitch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a baseball thrown with little velocity when the batter is expecting a fastball curve_ball curve breaking_ball bender http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a baseball thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approach the batter duster http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch thrown deliberately close to the batter fastball heater smoke hummer bullet http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; "he swung late on the fastball"; "he showed batters nothing but smoke" knuckleball knuckler http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a baseball pitch thrown with little speed or spin screwball http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch with reverse spin that curves toward the side of the plate from which it was thrown sinker http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch that curves downward rapidly as it approaches the plate slider http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a fastball that curves slightly away from the side from which it was thrown spitter spitball http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an illegal pitch in which a foreign substance (spit or Vaseline) is applied to the ball by the pitcher before he throws it strike.pitch strike http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch that is in the strike zone and that the batter does not hit; "this pitcher throws more strikes than balls" submarine_ball submarine_pitch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch thrown sidearm instead of overhead wild_pitch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a pitch that the catcher cannot stop basketball_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ throwing the basketball toward the hoop; "his shot hit the rim and bounced out" bank_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot that bounces off of the backboard dunk_shot dunk stuff_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot in which the basketball is propelled downward into the basket slam-dunk http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a forceful dunk finger-roll http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot that rolls off the tips of the fingers into the basket foul_shot free_throw penalty_free_throw charity_toss charity_throw charity_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unhindered basketball shot from the foul line; given to penalize the other team for committing a foul one-and-one http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a foul shot that must be made in order to earn the right to a second foul shot hook_shot hook http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot made over the head with the hand that is farther from the basket jump_shot jumper http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a player releases the basketball at the high point of a jump lay-up layup http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot made with one hand from a position under or beside the basket (and usually banked off the backboard) pivot_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a one-handed basketball shot made while whirling on the pivot foot set_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a two-handed basketball shot from a stationary position scoop_shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot made with an underhand scooping motion tip_in http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a basketball shot made by tapping the rebounding ball back into the basket pushing push http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of applying force in order to move something away; "he gave the door a hard push"; "the pushing is good exercise" depression http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ pushing down; "depression of the space bar on the typewriter" mouse_click click http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ depression of a button on a computer mouse: "a click on the right button for example" nudge jog http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a slight push or shake press pressure pressing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; "he gave the button a press"; "he used pressure to stop the bleeding"; "at the pressing of a button" impression.press impression http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of pressing one thing on or into the surface of another; "he watched the impression of the seal on the hot wax" shove http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of shoving (giving a push to someone or something); "he gave the door a shove" bundling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of shoving hastily; "she complained about bundling the children off to school" jostle jostling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of jostling (forcing your way by pushing) elbowing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ jostling with the elbows; "elbowing is a foul in basketball" pulling pull http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; "the pull up the hill had him breathing harder"; "his strenuous pulling strained his back" drag http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of dragging (pulling with force); "the drag up the hill exhausted him" haulage draw haul http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of drawing or hauling something; "the haul up the hill went very slowly" tow towage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope; "the truck gave him a tow to the garage" tug jerk http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sudden abrupt pull draft draught drawing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling extirpation deracination http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of pulling up or out; uprooting pluck http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord traction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (orthopedics) the act of pulling on a bone or limb (as in a fracture) to relieve pressure or align parts in a special way during healing; "his leg was in traction for several days" lift.actuation lift raise heave elevation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of raising something; "he responded with a lift of his eyebrow"; "fireman learn several different raises for getting ladders up" forcing_out expulsion projection ejection http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting defenestration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of throwing someone or something out of a window accommodation_reflex http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ reflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina Babinski_reflex Babinski Babinski_sign http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons belch belching burp burping eructation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth belching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the forceful expulsion of something from inside; "the belching of smoke from factory chimneys" eye_blink blink blinking wink winking nictitation nictation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a reflex that closes and opens the eyes rapidly blush flush http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty) coughing_up http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of expelling (food or phlegm) by coughing spitting spit expectoration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of spitting (forcefully expelling saliva) vomiting vomit emesis regurgitation disgorgement puking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth rumination http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding hematemesis haematemesis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ vomiting blood hyperemesis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ severe and excessive vomiting hyperemesis_gravidarum http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ hyperemesis during pregnancy; if severe it can result in damage to the brain and liver and kidney cough coughing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of exhaling air suddenly with a noise jump jumping http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; "he advanced in a series of jumps"; "the jumping was unexpected" header http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a headlong jump (or fall); "he took a header into the shrubbery" hop http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of hopping (jumping upward or forward (especially on one foot)) leaping leap spring saltation bound bounce http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a light springing movement upwards or forwards vault.jump vault hurdle http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of vaulting jumping_up_and_down http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ jumping in one spot (as in excitement); "the wailing and jumping up and down exhausted him" lob http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of propelling something (as a ball or shell etc.) in a high arc centering snap http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (football) putting the ball in play by passing it (between the legs) to a back sending http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of causing something to go (especially messages) transmittal transmission transmitting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted forwarding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of sending on to another destination; "the forwarding of mail to a new address is done automatically"; "the forwarding of resumes to the personnel department" referral http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency) remitment remission remit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of remitting (especially the referral of a law case to another court) mailing posting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the transmission of a letter; "the postmark indicates the time of mailing" wheeling rolling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ propelling something on wheels shooting.actuation shooting shot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of firing a projectile; "his shooting was slow but accurate" shoot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of shooting at targets; "they hold a shoot every weekend during the summer" countershot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a return shot; a retaliatory shot firing_off discharge firing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of discharging a gun gun.firing_off gun http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the discharge of a gun as signal or as a salute in military ceremonies; "a twenty gun salute" fire_control http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ preparation for the delivery of shellfire on a target gunfire gunshot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of shooting a gun; "the gunfire endangered innocent bystanders"; "they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire" enfilade_fire enfilade http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ gunfire directed along the length rather than the breadth of a formation headshot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a shot aimed at a person's head skeet_shooting skeet trapshooting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the sport of shooting at clay pigeons that are hurled upward in such a way as to simulate the flight of a bird shellfire http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ shooting artillery shells gunfight gunplay shootout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a fight involving shooting small arms with the intent to kill or frighten potshot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a shot taken at an easy or casual target (as by a pothunter) touch touching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of putting two things together with no space between them; "at his touch the room filled with lights" contact.touch contact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of touching physically; "her fingers came in contact with the light switch" wipe rub http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of rubbing or wiping; "he gave the hood a quick rub" scuff http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of scuffing (scraping or dragging the feet) dab tap pat http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a light touch or stroke hitting hit striking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a act of hitting one thing with another; "repeated hitting raised a large bruise"; "after three misses she finally got a hit" contusion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action of bruising; "the bruise resulted from a contusion" collision.hitting collision crash smash http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of colliding with something impingement impaction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sharp collision produced by striking or dashing against something batting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base fielding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field catching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ playing the position of catcher on a baseball team golfing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ playing golf; "he goes south every winter for the golfing" pitching http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team base_on_balls walk pass http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls; "he worked the pitcher for a base on balls" best http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the supreme effort one can make: "they did their best" worst http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the weakest effort or poorest achievement one is capable of: "it was the worst he had ever done on a test" fair_ball http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it stays between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field foul_ball http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it does not stay between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field snick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a glancing contact with the ball off the edge of the cricket bat bunt http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of hitting a baseball lightly without swinging the bat fly_ball fly http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a hit that flies high in the air blast http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a long and hard-hit fly ball pop_fly http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a short high fly ball grounder ground_ball hopper http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a hit that travels along the ground chopper chop http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a grounder that bounces high in the air roller http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a grounder that rolls along the infield out http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a failure by a batter or runner to reach a base safely in baseball; "you only get 3 outs per inning" putout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an out resulting from a fielding play (not a strikeout) strikeout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an out resulting from the batter getting three strikes whiff http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a strikeout resulting from the batter swinging at and missing the ball for the third strike sacrifice http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in baseball) an out that advances the base runners sacrifice_fly http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sacrifice made by hitting a long fly ball hit http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball); "he came all the way around on Williams' hit" base_hit safety bingle http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the successful act of striking a baseball in such a way that the batter reaches base safely header.hitting header http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (soccer) the act of hitting the ball with your head line_drive liner http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter; "the batter hit a liner to the shortstop" scorcher.hitting scorcher screamer http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a very hard hit ball line-drive_single line_single http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a single resulting from a line drive line-drive_double line_double http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a double resulting from a line drive line-drive_triple line_triple http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a triple resulting from a line drive plunker plunk http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of hitting a baseball so that it drops suddenly home_run homer http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a base hit on which the batter scores a run solo_homer solo_blast http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a home run with no runners on base single http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base two-base_hit double two-bagger two-baser http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; " he hit a double to deep centerfield" three-base_hit triple three-bagger http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a base hit at which the batter stops safely at third base clip http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sharp slanting blow; "he gave me a clip on the ear" whack knock belt rap whang http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of hitting vigorously; "he gave the table a whack" thwack http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a hard blow with a flat object smacking smack slap http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of smacking something; a blow delivered with an open hand smacker http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a very powerful blow with the fist knockdown http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a blow that knocks the opponent off his feet KO knockout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a blow that renders the opponent unconscious technical_knockout TKO http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a knockout declared by the referee who judges one boxer unable to continue swat http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sharp blow spank http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a slap with the flat of the hand whiplash whip lash http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a quick blow with a whip poke punch lick biff http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (boxing) a blow with the fist box.blow box http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a blow with the hand (usually on the ear); "I gave him a good box on the ear" dig jab http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of touching someone suddenly with your finger or elbow; "she gave me a sharp dig in the ribs" counterpunch parry counter http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a return punch knockout_punch haymaker KO_punch Sunday_punch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a hard punch that renders the opponent unable to continue boxing hook http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a short swinging punch delivered from the side with the elbow bent jab http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a quick short straight punch rabbit_punch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a short chopping blow to the back of the neck sucker_punch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an unexpected punch roundhouse http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a hook delivered with an exaggerated swing kicking kick boot http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of delivering a blow with the foot; "he gave the ball a powerful kick"; "the team's kicking was excellent" goal-kick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (Association football) a kick by the defending side after the attacking side sends the ball over the goal-line goal-kick.kicking goal-kick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (rugby football) an attempt to kick a goal punting punt http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (football) kicking in which the football is dropped from the hands and kicked before it touches the ground; "the punt traveled 50 yards"; "punting is an important part of the game" place_kick place-kicking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a kick (in soccer or football) in which the ball is placed on the ground before kicking free_kick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (in soccer) a place kick that is allowed for a foul or infringement by the other team corner_kick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a free kick from the corner awarded to the other side when a player has sent the ball behind his own goal line dropkick http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ kicking (as for a field goal) in which the football is dropped and kicked as it touches the ground kiss brush http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a light glancing touch; "there was a brief kiss of their hands in passing" buss kiss osculation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a caress with the lips laying_on http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of contacting something with your hand; "peonies can be blighted by the laying on of a finger" smooch smack http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an enthusiastic kiss smacker.smooch smacker http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a loud kiss soul_kiss deep_kiss French_kiss http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an open-mouthed kiss in which your tongue is inserted into the other's mouth grab catch snatch snap http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of catching an object with the hands; "Mays made the catch with his back to the plate" fair_catch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a catch of a punt on the fly by a defensive player who has signalled that he will not run and so should not be tackled interception http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team reception http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of catching a pass in football; "the tight end made a great reception on the 20 yard line" rebound http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot shoestring_catch http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ (baseball) a running catch made near the ground interlock mesh meshing interlocking http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of interlocking or meshing; "an interlocking of arms by the police held the crowd in check" handling.touch handling manipulation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the action of touching with the hands or the skillful use of the hands fingering.touch fingering http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ touching something with the fingers grope http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of groping; and instance of groping autopsy necropsy postmortem PM postmortem_examination http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease check-out_procedure check checkout http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of inspecting or verifying; "they made a check of their equipment"; "the pilot ran through the check-out procedure" medical_checkup checkup medical_examination medical_exam medical health_check http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person comparing comparison http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ examining resemblances or differences fine-toothed_comb http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a method of examining in minute detail; "he went over the contract with a fine-toothed comb looking for loopholes" follow-up reexamination review http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a second (or subsequent) examination going-over http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a careful and thorough inspection once-over look-over http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a swift cursory examination or inspection; "I gave him the once-over" palpation tactual_exploration http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a method of examination in which the examiner feels the size or shape or firmness or location of something (of body parts when the examiner is a health professional) ballottement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a palpatory technique for feeling a floating object in the body (especially for determining the position of a fetus by feeling the rebound of the fetus after a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus) tickling tickle titillation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of tickling stroking stroke http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a light touch with the hands caress http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it); "he showered her with caresses"; "soft music was a fond caress"; "the caresses of the breeze played over his face" tag.touch tag http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ touching a player in a game joining connection connexion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of bringing two things into contact; "the joining of hands around the table" intersection http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your target's path) bringing_close_together approximation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of bringing near or bringing together especially the cut edges of tissue concatenation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of linking together as in a series or chain converging convergence convergency http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of converging (coming closer) merging meeting coming_together http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of joining together as one; "the merging of the two groups occurred quickly"; "there was no meeting of minds" concourse.merging concourse confluence http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a coming together of people coming_upon encounter http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a casual meeting with a person of thing articulation.joining articulation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of joining things in such a way that motion is possible adjunction junction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act of joining or adjoining things fastening attachment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of fastening things together loosening http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of making something less tight tightening http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of making something tighter; "the tightening of economic controls" ligation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ tying a duct or blood vessel with a ligature (as in surgery to prevent bleeding) tubal_ligation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations soldering bonding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ fastening firmly together doweling http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ fastening by dowels grounding earthing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ fastening electrical equipment to earth linkage http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of linking things together tying http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of tying things together untying undoing unfastening http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ loosening the ties that fasten something; "the tying of bow ties is an art; the untying is easy" welding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ fastening two pieces of metal together by softening with heat and applying pressure butt_welding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ creating a butt joint by welding flash_welding flash_butt_welding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ butt welding by creating an electric arc between the two pieces which melts and joins them; used for joining segments of metal pipe lick lap http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ touching with the tongue shaving grazing skimming http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of brushing against while passing uncovering discovery find http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of discovering something espial detection catching spying spotting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of detecting something; catching sight of something self-discovery http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ discovering your own individuality breakthrough http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ making an important discovery determination finding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of determining the properties of something rediscovery http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of discovering again designation.determination designation identification http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of designating or identifying something Bertillon_system http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a system or procedure for identifying persons fingerprinting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the procedure of taking inked impressions of a person's fingerprints for the purpose of identification genetic_profiling genetic_fingerprinting http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the procedure of analyzing the DNA in samples of a person's body tissue or body fluid for the purpose of identification diagnosis diagnosing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon blood_typing http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ determining a person's blood type by serological methods medical_diagnosis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ identification a disease from its symptoms prenatal_diagnosis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ any of the diagnostic procedures used to determine whether a fetus has a genetic abnormality differential_diagnosis http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a systematic method of diagnosing a disorder (e.g., headache) that lacks unique symptoms or signs medical_prognosis prognosis prospect http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a prediction of the course of a disease solving resolution http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ finding a solution to a problem validation proof http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something authentication certification http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ validating the authenticity of something or someone documentation support http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ documentary validation; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this this view is the work of Jones" monetization monetisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ establishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country probate http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of proving that an instrument purporting to be a will was signed and executed in accord with legal requirements demonetization demonetisation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ ending something (e.g. gold or silver) as no longer the legal tender of a country falsifying falsification disproof refutation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of determining that something is false localization localisation location locating fix http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a determination of the location of something; "he got a good fix on the target" echolocation echo_sounding http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it redetermination http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ determining again causing causation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of causing something to happen trigger induction initiation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act that sets in motion some course of events instigation fomentation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ deliberate and intentional triggering (of trouble or discord) compulsion coercion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ using force to cause something: "though pressed into rugby under compulsion I began to enjoy the game"; "they didn`t have to use coercion" influence http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ causing something without any direct or apparent effort cross-pollination http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ stimulating influence among diverse elements; "the cross-pollination of the arts" exposure http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; "she denounced the exposure of children to pornography" impingement.influence impingement encroachment impact http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ influencing strongly: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture" manipulation use http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous" hypnotism mesmerism suggestion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of inducing hypnosis inducing inducement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ act of bringing about a desired result: "inducement of sleep" persuasion http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ inducement by argument or reasoning or entreaty enticement temptation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire; "his enticements were shameless" wheedling blandishment http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of urging by means of teasing or flattery invitation.enticement invitation http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of enticing or alluring; "she was an invitation to trouble" leading_astray leading_off http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of enticing others into sinful ways seduction http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ enticing someone astray from right behavior seduction.success seduction conquest http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ an act of winning the love of someone sexual_conquest score http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ a seduction culminating in sexual intercourse; "calling his seduction of the girl a `score' was a typical example of male slang" solicitation.enticement solicitation allurement http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/ the act of enticing a pers