/* ------------ Main default taxonomy of WebKB-2 on the 24/02/2004 ------------
URL: http://meganesia.int.gu.edu.au/~phmartin/WebKB2/theKB_categ.ft
Included by: http://meganesia.int.gu.edu.au/~phmartin/WebKB2/theKB_graphs.fcg
Documentation: http://www.webkb.org/doc/wn/
Links:
< (subtypeOf), > (subtype), ^ (instanceOf), : (instance),
= (equal), - (inverse), ! (simple exclusion),
/ (closed exclusion: the two linked types are exclusive and
either are respectively identical to pm#thing and pm#nothing
or they subtype a same type and form a complete subtype partition),
~ (closely similar from an Information Retrieval viewpoint; such links are
currently only used between categories for Greek gods and their Roman
counterparts, and between some types from the 3D (endurantist) approach
and their counterparts from the 4D (perdurantist) approach or the
?D (vague/unspecified) approach)
& (related: this fuzzy link is used in the SUMO and hence is also used here between
some SUMO category; it is also used below for connecting DOLCE-full categories
to their version in DOLCE-lite)
L (locationOf), l (location), M (memberOf), m (member),
S (substanceOf), s (substance), P (partOf), p (spatial_part/subprocess),
U (urlOf), u (url), O (objectOf), o (object/experiencer),
I (inputOf), i (input), R (resultOf), r (result)
A (agentOf), a (agent), T (toolOf), t (tool/technique/instrument/method) //not used anymore: N (nounTypeOf), n (nounType)
//The links of the last 2 lines are not used below.
This file includes 5 parts:
1) Top-level concept types/instances from users,
2) Relation types,
3) WordNet categories,
4) Users' categories/links below/between WN categories,
5) To be categorized within Section 4.
Section 3 is by far the biggest and the only one not to be presented as
a specialization hierarchy (and within it, categories may be declared before
they are referred to). Instead, Section 3 follows the order of the categories
in the WordNet data.noun file (which is thematically organized).
to do: http://suo.ieee.org/SUO/SUO-Procedures/Documents/SUO-Development-GuidelinesV1Final.txt
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
_user@thisKB
: anonymous_user@thisKB (u) menu@thisKB (menu genericUser) http://www.geographic.org/ (geo genericUser) http://www.webkb.org/kb/IT.html (it genericUser) http://www.webkb.org/kb/domain/_IS.html (is genericUser) http://www.webkb.org/kb/IT.html#knowledge_management (km genericUser) http://www.wotif.com (wotif genericUser) http://ontology.teknowledge.com/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/SUO/Merge.txt?rev=1.60&content-type=text/x-cvsweb-markup (sumo genericUser) http://www.webkb.org/kb/TheNatureOfThingsByMatthewWest.pdf (3D genericUser) http://suo.ieee.org/ontology/msg01442.html (4D genericUser) http://www.webkb.org/kb/IT.html#FCA (fca genericUser) http://meganesia.int.gu.edu.au/~phmartin/WebKB/kb/lis.html (lis genericUser) http://www.une.edu.au/arts/LCL/disciplines/linguistics/nsmpage.htm (nsm genericUser) http://www.swi.psy.uva.nl/projects/CommonKADS/home.html (kads genericUser) http://wonderweb.semanticweb.org/deliverables/D18.shtml (dolce) http://www.loa-cnr.it/DOLCE.html (dl) http://www.loa-cnr.it/Papers/Oltramari2.pdf (own) ph.martin@gu.edu.au (pm pwmc.dt91/1vo) John.Doe@foo.bar.org (jd) hibkb@dstc.edu.au (hibkb pwbpcSiJoutqo) p.eklund@gu.edu.au (pe) nataliya@dstc.edu.au (nr) r.cole@gu.edu.au (rc) p.deer@mailbox.gu.edu.au (pd) t.tilley@gu.edu.au (tt) f.modave@gu.edu.au (fm) b.groh@gu.edu.au (bg) Fabien.Gandon@sophia.inria.fr (fg) comms@gu.edu.au (comms) olivier.corby@inria.fr (oc) daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au (dg pwDk3yzFRp8eY) http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/ (sowa) http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/ (dsto) http://www.cyc.com/cyc-2-1/cover.html (cyc) http://tap.stanford.edu/daml (tap) http://logic.stanford.edu/kif/dpans.html (kif) http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-owl-guide-20030210/ (owl) http://www.daml.org/2001/03/daml+oil.daml (daml) http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/ (rdf) http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ (rdfs) http://www.ksl.Stanford.EDU/people/dlm/daml-semantics/abstract-axiomatic-semantics.html (rdfs_daml_oil_semantics) http://purl.org/dc/documents/rec-dces-19990702.htm (dc) http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/WD-xmlschema-1-20000922/structures.html (xmls) http://www.sfu.ca/rst (rst) http://www.qantas.com.au (qantas) http://www.britishairways.com.au (BA) http://www.CP.com.au (CP) http://www.FJ.com.au (FJ) http://www.ansett.com.au (ansett) http://www.usa.org/en/ (USA) http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/New_Zealand/ (NZ) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/ (Oz) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/qld.html (QLD) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/vic.html (VIC) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/tas.html (TAS) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/sa.html (SA) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/wa.html (WA) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/nsw.html (NSW) http://www.csu.edu.au/links/nt.html (NT) http://www.c3i.osd.mil/org/cio/i3/AWG_Digital_Library/AnxBCDGH_Nov98.doc (cadm) http://www.defenselink.mil (dod) http://www.alfaromeo.com/ (Alfa_Romeo) http://www.toyota.com/ (Toyota) http://John_Briggs_Alfa_Romeo.com.au (jbar) http://www.glassguide.com.au (GlassGuide) http://www.webkb.org/kb/adfp9.html (adfp9) kerry@dstc.edu.au (kr) http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/top/pnml/about.html (pnml); //http://www.dodccrp.org/2000ICCRTS/cd/papers/Track2/017.pdf (zhang) v.jones@griffith.edu.au (vicki pw001xyKtDq2k) www.gu.edu.au (gu); //DAML+OIL -> OWL: http://www.daml.org/2002/06/webont/owl-ref-proposed#appD
_wikiFile@thisKB
: annotationExample.html (pm);
//================ 1) Top-level concept types/instances from users ================
//The facts that the classes pm#thing, owl#nothing and sumo#class
//are instance of themselves are not represented (nor is the fact that
//pm#thing is instance of sumo#class)
owl#nothing__impossibility__absurdity__bottom_type (^the type of logically impossible objects (not of imaginary objects such as unicorns); this type cannot have any instance or subtype^)
> daml#empty , //??
/ pm#thing ,
= kif#bottom sowa#absurdity ;
pm#thing__something__T__3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else (^$(many specializations; distinct T)$ an category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type^)
> {(pm#situation pm#entity )} {(pm#thing_playing_some_role sowa#independent_thing)} {(sumo#physical sumo#abstract )} {(sowa#continuant sowa#occurrent )} {(pm#undivisible_thing pm#divisible_thing )} {(pm#individual pm#type )} {3D#thing 4D#thing } {(dolce#particular dolce#universal dolce#world )}(dolce),
/ owl#nothing ,
= owl#thing sumo#entity sowa#entity rdfs#resource ;
pm#situation (^$(many specializations; distinction S)$ something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space^)
> {(pm#state pm#process )} dl#perdurant sumo#process sowa#process sowa#participation sowa#situation pm#situation_playing_some_role ;
//#event and #phenomenon are now subtype of sumo#process
pm#state (^$(distinct)$ situation not changing and not making a change during a given period of time^)
> #state #feeling pm#state_playing_some_role ;
pm#process (^$(many specializations; distinct P)$ situation that makes a change during some period of time^)
> pm#event pm#problem_solving_process #cognitive_process #unconscious_process #human_action pm#process_playing_a_role ;
pm#event (^process considered instantaneous from some viewpoint; classification under this category is application-dependant^);
pm#problem_solving_process (^cognitive activity to solve a problem^)
> pm#task ; //pm#problem_solving_method ;
pm#task (^processes modelled in knowledge acquisition, e.g. a diagnostic^)
> pm#real_life_task ;
pm#real_life_task (^a task composed of more basic tasks^)
> pm#knowledge_engineering ;
pm#knowledge_engineering (^making a knowledge based system^)
> {pm#environment_analysis pm#problem_analysis pm#task_analysis pm#function_analysis pm#implementation_analysis } pm#knowledge_engineering_with_KADS ;
pm#knowledge_engineering_with_KADS (^making a knowledge based system using KADS methodology^);
//pm#problem_solving_method__PSM (^PSMs can be seen as task descriptions used by tasks or as problem solving processes^);
sowa#process__physical_independent_occurrent__spatially_located_process (^click here for details^);
dl#perdurant__occurence__PD
> {(dl#stative dl#event )},
dl#p_spatial_location=> dl#space_region ,
dl#temporal_location=> dl#temporal_region ,
dl#happens_at=> dl#time_interval ,
dl#has_quality: 1..* dl#Temporal_location ,
//dl#participant=> dl#endurant , //test?
dl#participant=> 1..* dl#endurant ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#temporal_quality ,
dl#part=> dl#perdurant ,
dl#constituted_by=> dl#perdurant ,
& dolce#perdurant ;
dl#stative__STV (^as opposed to eventive occurrences, the sum of two stative occurences is the same kind of occurrence, e.g. the sum of 2 sittings is a sitting^)
> {(dl#state dl#process )} ,
& dolce#stative ;
dl#state__ST (^stative occurence with all its parts being the same kind of stative occurrence, e.g. sitting, being red^)
& dolce#state ;
dl#process__PRO (^eventive occurence with some parts not being the same kind of stative occurrence, e.g. running, writing^)
& dolce#process ;
dl#event__EV (^as opposed to stative occurrences, the sum of two eventive occurences is not the same kind of occurrence^)
> {(dl#achievement dl#accomplishment )} ,
& dolce#event ;
dl#achievement__ACH (^atomic eventive occurence, e.g reaching a summit, a departure, a death^)
& dolce#achievement ;
dl#accomplishment__ACC (^non atomic eventive occurence, e.g a conference, an ascent, a performance^)
> dl#activity dl#phenomenon ,
& dolce#accomplishment ;
dl#activity
> dl#transaction ;
dl#transaction > dl#commerce ;
dl#phenomenon
> dl#economic_process dl#biological_process ;
dl#biological_process
dl#participant: 1..* dl#biological_object ;
sumo#process__physical_situation (^intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical^)
> sumo#dual_object_process #state #feeling #cognitive_process #unconscious_process #human_action #phenomenon #event ;
sumo#dual_object_process (^process requiring two nonidentical patients^);
// pm#phenomenon (^situation known through the senses rather than by reasoning^)
// > #phenomenon ;
sowa#situation__physical_mediating_occurrent__spatially_located_situation (^click here for details^);
pm#situation_playing_some_role (^$(distinct)$ e.g. a causal situation^)
> pm#process_playing_a_role #resultant #outcome #evidence.situation ;
pm#entity (^$(many specializations; distinct E)$ something that can be "involved" in a situation^)
> {(sumo#object sumo#abstract )} {(pm#spatial_object pm#non_spatial_object )} {(pm#undivisible_entity pm#divisible_entity )} dl#endurant pm#entity_playing_some_role ;
sumo#object__entity_with_spatial_feature (^$(many specializations)$ spatial object (space, location or physical object) or description medium/container (e.g. string, language, image); in a 4D ontology, an object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis^)
> {(pm#spatial_object sumo#content_bearing_object )} sumo#self_connected_object sumo#collection ; //pm#description_medium pm#description_container
pm#spatial_object (^$(many specializations; distinct O)$ object which as a direct spatial location, e.g. physical object, spatial region or shape^)
> pm#space dl#physical_endurant sowa#object ;
pm#space (^$(many specializations; distinction s)$ point or extent in space^)
> sumo#region dl#feature dl#physical_place #space #location #natural_enclosure #expanse #sky #shape ; //dl#Spatial_location is a quality
sumo#region (^topographic location, e.g. object surface, imaginary place, and geographic_Area; a region is the only kind of object which can be sumo#located at itself; sumo#region is not a subclass of sumo#self_connected_object because some regions, e.g. archipelagos, have parts which are not connected with one another^);
dl#feature__F (^e.g. hole, gulf, bundary^)
> dl#dependent_place dl#relevant_part ,
dl#host=> dl#entity ,
& dolce#feature ;
dl#physical_place
> dl#geographical_object ;
dl#physical_endurant__PED (^$(many specializations)$ ^)
> {(pm#physical_entity dl#feature )},
dl#physical_location=> dl#physical_region ,
dl#spatial_location=> dl#space_region ,
dl#physically_depends_on of=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#physical_endurant ,
dl#constituted_by=> dl#physical_endurant ,
dl#has_quality=> 1..* dl#physical_quality ,
& dolce#physical_endurant ;
pm#physical_entity__object (^$(many specializations; distinction o)$ spatial entity made of matter^)
> dl#physical_object pm#physical_entity_part_or_substance ;
dl#physical_object__POB
> {(dl#agentive_physical_object dl#non-agentive_physical_object )},
! sumo#substance ,
& dolce#physical_object ;
dl#agentive_physical_object__APO (^something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world^)
> pm#entity_that_can_be_or_was_alive ,
= sumo#Agent ,
& dolce#agentive_physical_object ;
pm#entity_that_can_be_or_was_alive (^$(many specializations; distinction l)$ e.g. an animal, a cell^)
> sumo#sentient_agent pm#living_physical_entity #living_thing #cell ;
sumo#sentient_agent (^$(many specializations)$ an agent that has rights but may or may not have responsibilities and the ability to reason; if the latter are present, then the agent is also a cognitive_agent; domesticated animals are an example of sentient_agents that are not also cognitive_agents^)
> sumo#cognitive_agent ;
sumo#cognitive_agent (^(many specializations)$ sentient_agent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc; this is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person; chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be cognitive_agents^)
> sumo#human ;
sumo#human (^a modern man (member of the only remaining species of the Homo genus)^)
> {(sumo#man sumo#woman )} #person ,
= dl#natural_person ;
pm#living_physical_entity (^alive physical entity^)
// > #living.people , //no: people is a collection
! pm#dead_physical_entity ; //because of the "undead", '/' cannot be used
dl#non-agentive_physical_object__NAPO (^$(many specializations; distinction)$ e.g. a bottle^)
> pm#dead_physical_entity #physical_object dl#biological_object dl#artifact dl#physical_place dl#unitary_collection ,
& dolce#non-agentive_physical_object ;
pm#dead_physical_entity (^physical_entity that is no more alive^)
> pm#dead_person , //no #dead.people since collection
! pm#living_physical_entity ;
dl#biological_object (^an animal is not a biological_object, it is constituted_by a biological_object which itself is constituted_by some matter^)
> dl#organism ;
dl#artifact
> dl#instrumentality dl#construction ,
= sumo#artifact (pm);
dl#instrumentality
> dl#conveyance dl#device dl#equipment ;
dl#conveyance
> dl#vehicle;
pm#physical_entity_part_or_substance
> dl#amount_of_matter #substance #physical_part #building_block ;
dl#amount_of_matter__M (^similar to sumo#substance but does not need to be connected, e.g. "the amount of gold at this moment located in Europe"^)
> sumo#substance ,
& dolce#amount_of_matter ;
//#part.physical_object is now < #physical_part
sumo#substance__amount_of_matter__divisible_entity_without_discrete_parts (^object in which every part is similar to every other in every relevant respect; more precisely, something is a substance when it has only arbitrary pieces as parts - any part has properties which are similar to those of the whole; note that a substance may nonetheless have physical properties that vary, e.g. the temperature, chemical constitution, density, etc. may change from one part to another; examples: body of water, air, cement^)
> {(sumo#synthetic_substance sumo#natural_substance )} {(sumo#pure_substance sumo#mixture )} ,
! dl#physical_object ;
sumo#synthetic_substance (^any substance that is the result of an intentional_process, i.e. any substance that is created by humans^);
sumo#natural_substance (^any substance that is not the result of an intentional_process, i.e. any substance that occurs naturally^);
sumo#pure_substance (^substances with constant composition, e.g. table salt, sugar, water, iron, copper and oxygen^)
> {(sumo#compound_substance sumo#elemental_substance )};
sumo#mixture (^a mixture is two or more pure_substances, combined in varying proportions - each retaining its own specific properties; the components of a mixture can be separated by physical means, i.e. without the making and breaking of chemical bonds; examples: air, table salt thoroughly dissolved in water, milk, wood, and concrete^);
sowa#object__physical_independent_continuant (^click here for details^)
_ independent_spatial_object (pm);
sumo#self_connected_object (^object that does not consist of two or more disconnected parts^)
> {sumo#substance sumo#corpuscular_object } sumo#transit_way sumo#food ;
sumo#corpuscular_object__composite_entity__divisible_entity_with_discrete_parts (^self_connected_object whose parts have properties that are not shared by the whole^)
> sumo#content_bearing_object sumo#organic_object sumo#artifact sowa#structure #whole_thing ;
sumo#content_bearing_object (^a self_connected_object that expresses content; this content may be a sumo#proposition, e.g. when the content_bearing_object is a sentence or text, or it may be a representation of an abstract or physical object, as with an icon, a word or a phrase^)
> {sumo#icon sumo#linguistic_expression } pm#string ;
// & sumo#contains_information ;
sumo#icon (^content bearing objects that are not languages and which have some sort of similarity with the objects that they represent, e.g. symbolic roadway signs, representational art works, photographs, etc^);
sumo#linguistic_expression (^content bearing objects which are language-related, i.e. both languages and the elements of languages, e.g. words^)
> sumo#word sumo#sentence sumo#language ;
sumo#sentence (^syntactically well-formed formula of a language; it includes, at minimum, a predicate and a subject (which may be explicit or implicit), and it expresses a proposition^)
> sumo#formula ;
sumo#formula (^syntactically well-formed formula in the SUO-KIF knowledge representation language^);
sumo#language (^system of signs for expressing thought; the system can be either natural or artificial, i.e. something that emerges gradually as a cultural artifact or something that is intentionally created by a person or group of people^)
> {(sumo#animal_language pm#non_animal_language )} #linguistic_communication ,
p #lexis (pm) #lexicon (pm);
sumo#animal_language (^language used by animals other than humans^);
pm#non_animal_language
> sumo#human_language sumo#artificial_language ;
sumo#human_language (^language used by humans^)
> {(sumo#natural_language sumo#constructed_language )} {(sumo#spoken_human_language sumo#manual_human_language )};
sumo#artificial_language (^designed language^)
> sumo#constructed_language sumo#computer_language ;
sumo#computer_language (^languages designed for and interpreted by a computer^);
pm#string (^$(no menu)$ a string of characters^)
> rdfs#XML_literal sumo#character , //'>' and 'm' or 'p' (sumo#part)
= sumo#symbolic_string ;
rdfs#XML_literal
> rdfs#literal ;
rdfs#literal
> pm#name_string ,
= daml#literal (daml);
pm#name_string
= xmls#QName ;
sumo#character (^element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc.; sumo#character is a subclass of sumo#symbolic_string, because every instance of sumo#character is an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element^) ;
sowa#structure__physical_mediating_continuant (^click here for details^);
sumo#collection__physical_collection (^such a collection has members like a class, but unlike a clas, it has a position in space-time and members can be added and subtracted without thereby changing the identity of the collection; some examples are toolkits, football teams, and flocks of sheep^);
pm#non_spatial_object (^$(many specializations; distinct N)$ abstraction or description content/medium/container (a description medium that has some spatial feature is both instance of sumo#object and pm#non_spatial_object^)
> pm#description_content/medium/container pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure sumo#abstract ;
pm#description_content/medium/container (^$(many specializations; distinct D)$ ^)
> {pm#description pm#description_container } #communication ;
pm#description (^description (content/medium) of an entity or a situation^)
> pm#description_content pm#description_medium sowa#form ;
pm#description_content__information (^$(distinction d)$ e.g. a narration, an hypothesis^)
> pm#knowledge_representation sumo#proposition sowa#intention dl#fact pm#narration pm#fact_generalization pm#description_with_KADS_inference_structure kads#role rdf#description #subject_matter #written_material #code.laws #public_knowledge #cognitive_factor #perception.cognition #cognitive_content #history.cognition #mental_attitude ;
pm#knowledge_representation (^what a formal/semi-formal statement expresses^);
sumo#proposition__abstract_relative_thing__situation_description (^piece of information; this piece of information may be represented by content_bearing_object(s) such as a string, a sound or an icon; click here for details^)
> sowa#description sowa#history ,
: "cats are furry animals" "most cats are furry animals",
= sowa#proposition ;
//? "most cats are furry animals";
"cats are furry animals"
pm#corrective_specialization: "most cats are furry animals"(pm),
pm#proof: "Tom is furry" ;
sowa#description__abstract_relative_continuant (^click here for details^);
sowa#history__abstract_relative_occurrent (^click here for details^);
sowa#intention__abstract_mediating_thing (^click here for details^)
> sowa#reason sowa#purpose ;
sowa#reason__abstract_mediating_continuant (^click here for details^);
sowa#purpose__abstract_mediating_occurrent (^click here for details^);
pm#narration (^report, story, biography, etc.^);
pm#fact_generalization (^description generalizing facts or ideas^);
pm#description_with_KADS_inference_structure (^dataflow graph of "inferences" (tasks) the inputs/outputs of which are described by "roles"^);
kads#role
> kads#hypothesis kads#observable kads#finding kads#complaint kads#norm kads#difference kads#discrepancy_class kads#diagnosis_result kads#parameter kads#system_model kads#historical_data ;
pm#description_medium (^$(distinction m)$ e.g. a syntax, a language, a script, a structure^)
> sumo#content_bearing_object {pm#atomic_ADT pm#structured_ADT } #structure #language_unit #symbolic_representation ;
pm#atomic_ADT__atomic_abstract_data_type
> sumo#number pm#boolean ;
sumo#number (^$(no menu)$ ^)
> {sumo#real_number sumo#imaginary_number sumo#complex_number },
= kif#number ;
sumo#real_number (^$(no menu)$ a number that can be expressed as a (possibly infinite) decimal, i.e. a number that has a position on the number line^)
> {(sumo#rational_number sumo#irrational_number )}(pm) {(sumo#nonnegative_real_number sumo#negative_real_number )}(pm) sumo#binary_number ,
= kif#real ;
sumo#rational_number (^$(no menu)$ real_number that is the product of dividing two integers^)
> sumo#integer ,
= kif#rational ;
sumo#integer (^$(no menu)$ a negative or nonnegative whole number^)
> {(sumo#nonnegative_integer sumo#negative_integer )} {(sumo#even_integer sumo#odd_integer )} sumo#prime_number ,
= kif#integer ;
sumo#nonnegative_integer (^$(no menu)$ integer >= 0^)
> {(sumo#positive_integer kif#zero )}(pm) ,
= kif#natural xmls#non_negative_integer ;
sumo#positive_integer (^$(no menu)$ integer > 0^)
= kif#positive ;
kif#zero (^class containing only 0^);
sumo#negative_integer (^$(no menu)$ integer < 0^)
= kif#negative ;
sumo#even_integer (^$(no menu)$ integer that is evenly divisible by 2^)
= kif#even ;
sumo#odd_integer (^$(no menu)$ integer that is not evenly divisible by 2^)
= kif#odd ;
sumo#nonnegative_real_number (^$(no menu)$ real_number >= 0^)
> sumo#positive_real_number sumo#nonnegative_integer (pm);
sumo#positive_real_number (^$(no menu)$ real_number > 0^)
> sumo#positive_integer (pm);
sumo#negative_real_number (^$(no menu)$ real_number < 0^)
> sumo#negative_integer (pm);
sumo#binary_number (^elements from the number system with base 2; every binary_number is expressed as a sequence of the digits 1 and 0^);
sumo#imaginary_number (^$(no menu)$ a number that is the result of multiplying a real_number by the square root of -1^);
sumo#complex_number (^$(no menu)$ a number that has the form: x + yi, where x and y are real_numbers and i is the square root of -1^)
= kif#complex ;
pm#boolean (^two instances: true and false^)
: kif#true kif#false ,
= xmls#boolean ;
pm#structured_ADT__structured_abstract_data_type
> sumo#list kif#set pm#number_container pm#array pm#queue pm#stack pm#keyed_collection_ADT pm#graph_ADT #lattice rdf#statement pm#ontology xmls#block_set owl#data_range ;
sumo#list (^a particular ordered n-tuple of items; generally speaking, lists are created by means of the list_fn function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a list with the items in the same order; anything, including other lists, may be an item in a list; note too that lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are identical; note too that a list (the null_list) may contain no items^)
> sumo#unique_list kif#double kif#triple rdfs#container (rdfs_daml_oil_semantics),
= kif#list ;
sumo#unique_list (^a list in which no item appears more than once, i.e. a list for which there are no distinct numbers ?n1 and ?n2 such that (sumo#list_order_fn ?list ?n1) and (sumo#list_order_fn ?list ?n2) return the same value^)
> kif#null kif#single ;
kif#null__null_list (^type of empty lists^)
: sumo#null_list ;
sumo#null_list (^the list that has no items; the uniqueness of null_list follows from the extensionality of lists, i.e. the fact that two lists with the same items in the same order are identical^)
= kif#nil (pm) rdf#nil (pm);
kif#single__list_with_1_element (^list of length 1^);
kif#double__list_with_2_elements (^list of length 2^);
kif#triple__list_with_3_elements (^list of length 3^);
rdfs#container
> {(rdf#bag rdf#seq rdf#alt )};
rdf#seq
> rdf#list ;
rdf#list
> daml#disjoint ,
= owl#collection ;
daml#disjoint__disjoint_list_of_classes (^classes in such a list are pairwise disjoint^);
rdf#alt (^alternatives (exclusive or inclusive?)^)
> pm#or_bag (pm) pm#xor_bag (pm);
pm#or_bag (^bag of OR-ed elements^);
pm#xor_bag (^bag of XOR-ed elements^);
kif#set (^ADT where duplicate elements are not allowed^)
> pm#or_set pm#xor_set ;
pm#or_set (^set of OR-ed elements^);
pm#xor_set (^set of XOR-ed elements^);
pm#array
> pm#string ;
pm#graph_ADT
> sumo#graph ;
sumo#graph__connected_graph (^every graph is assumed to contain at least two arcs and three nodes^);
sowa#form__abstract_independent_thing (^click here for details^)
> sowa#schema sowa#script ;
sowa#schema__abstract_independent_continuant (^click here for details^);
sowa#script__abstract_independent_occurrent (^click here for details^);
pm#description_container (^$(distinction c; some subcategories of #representation_container could be (mis-)interpreted as physical objects: here, only their storage role is considered)$ file, image, ... but not a disk or a piece of paper^)
> pm#document_element #representation_container ;
pm#document_element__document__DE (^$(only #document as subtype, not #written_document, #document.communication, #record)$ a part of a document or the whole document^)
> #document ;
pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure (^$(many specializations; distinction A)$ e.g. mass, mass unit, 1 kg, frequency, [2-3] hz, color, blue, speed, 1 m/s^)
> pm#time_measure pm#physical/spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure pm#psychological_attribute_or_quality_or_measure pm#process_attribute_or_quality_or_measure pm#social_attribute_or_quality_or_measure sumo#Attribute {dl#quality dl#region } pm#modality_measure pm#numeric_attribute #measure #attribute #property ;
pm#time_measure (^$(many specializations)$ measure of points or intervals in time^)
> dl#temporal_region #time #time_period ;
//#time direct subtypes are dispatched in quality/region below
dl#temporal_region__TR (^a value for a temporal quality, e.g. 24/5/2002, 2 seconds^)
> dl#time_interval ,
dl#temporal_location of=> dl#perdurant ,
dl#e_temporal_location of=> dl#endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#temporal_region ,
& dolce#temporal_region ;
//direct subtypes of #time: #cosmic_time #nowadays {#past_times #hereafter } #continuum #Greenwich_Mean_Time #continuance #infinity ;
dl#time_interval__T
> dl#date #time_unit ,
dl#time_of_presence_of=> dl#endurant,
dl#time_of_q_presence_of=> dl#physical_quality,
dl#time_of_happening_of=> dl#perdurant,
& dolce#time_interval ;
pm#physical/spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure
> pm#spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure pm#physical_attribute_or_quality_or_measure dl#physical_quality dl#physical_region ;
pm#spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (^e.g. length measure in meters^)
> dl#Spatial_location menu#spatial_characteristic ;
dl#Spatial_location__SL (^$(same normalization as dl#spatial_location)$ ^)
& dolce#Spatial_location ;
menu#spatial_characteristic (^$(distinct)$ this category is mainly for menu-generation purposes^)
> {#width #height #length #circumference #diameter #surface_area #volume #thickness #tenuity #angle };
pm#physical_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (^e.g. mass/length/color measure; here are most of the subtypes of #property.attribute, e.g. #visual_property^)
> pm#living_entity_attribute_or_quality_or_measure menu#physical_characteristic ;
pm#living_entity_attribute_or_quality_or_measure
> pm#date_of_birth ;
pm#date_of_birth__D.O.B.__birthdate (^not a birthday^);
menu#physical_characteristic (^this category is for menu-generation purposes^)
> {#visual_property #physical_property };
dl#physical_quality__PQ (^e.g. weight, color, as attributes^)
> dl#Spatial_location ,
dl#q_present_at=> dl#time_interval ,
dl#q_location=> dl#physical_region ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#physical_quality ,
dl#inherent_in=> 1..* dl#physical_endurant ,
& dolce#physical_quality ;
dl#physical_region__PR (^e.g. 2 meters, 3.5 kg, [2-3] hz^)
> dl#space_region dl#volume ,
dl#physical_location of=> dl#physical_endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#physical_region ,
& dolce#physical_region ;
dl#space_region__S
> dl#spatio_temporal_region ,
dl#spatial_location of=> 1..* dl#physical_endurant ,
dl#p_spatial_location of=> dl#perdurant ,
dl#depends_on_spatial_location of=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#space_region ,
& dolce#space_region ;
pm#process_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (^$(distinct)$ e.g. a speed measure^)
> #magnitude_relation pm#energy_measure pm#force_measure pm#absorption_measure pm#radiation_measure pm#explosion_measure #game_point ; //#pressure_unit #electromagnetic_unit
pm#energy_measure
> #work_unit ;
pm#force_measure
> #force_unit #electromagnetic_unit ;
pm#absorption_measure
> #absorption_unit ;
pm#radiation_measure
> pm#radioactivity_measure #langley ;
pm#radioactivity_measure
> #radioactivity_unit ;
pm#explosion_measure
> #explosive_unit ;
pm#social_attribute_or_quality_or_measure
> pm#identifier ;
pm#identifier__id
> {pm#passport_identifier pm#social_welfare_identifier } pm#serial_number pm#URI ;
pm#URI__Uniform_Ressource_Identifier
> pm#URL pm#URN ;
pm#URL__Uniform_Ressource_Locator ;
pm#URN__Uniform_Ressource_Number ;
pm#modality_measure (^e.g. pm#never is as an instance^)
> pm#temporal_modality_measure pm#physical_possibility ;
pm#temporal_modality_measure
: pm#never pm#rarely pm#often pm#always ;
sumo#Attribute
> {(sumo#internal_attribute sumo#relational_attribute )};
sumo#internal_attribute (^any attribute of an entity that is an internal property of the entity, e.g. its shape, its color, its fragility, etc^);
sumo#relational_attribute (^any attribute that an entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another entity or set of entities, e.g. social_roles and positional_attributes^)
> sumo#normative_attribute ;
sumo#normative_attribute (^attribute specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, etiquette, etc; many of such attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the case^)
> {sumo#subjective_assessment_attribute sumo#objective_norm };
sumo#subjective_assessment_attribute (^normative_attribute which lacks an objective criterion for its attribution, i.e. the attribution of such an attribute varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the same subject over time; in the SUMO, if a category from such an external knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, this category is assigned to this class^);
sumo#objective_norm (^normative_attribute associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable^);
dl#quality__Q (^an attribute/dimension of something, e.g. its color, but not the measure of this color^)
> {dl#temporal_quality dl#physical_quality dl#abstract_quality },
dl#inherent_in=> 1..* dl#entity ,
dl#q_location=> dl#region ,
dl#has_quale=> dl#quale , //dl#q_location=> dl#region ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#quality ,
& dolce#quality ;
dl#temporal_quality__TQ (^e.g. a date or a duration, but not its measure/value^)
> dl#Temporal_location ,
dl#q_location=> dl#temporal_region ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#temporal_quality ,
dl#inherent_in=> 1..* dl#perdurant ,
& dolce#temporal_quality ;
//> #temporal_property //+direct subtypes of #time: #geological_time #biological_time #civil_time #daylight-saving_time #musical_time ; //why not #Greenwich_Mean_Time; interval/location??
dl#Temporal_location__TL (^$(same normalization as dl#temporal_location)$ ^);
dl#abstract_quality__AQ (^e.g. an asset value (but not any actual measure of this value)^)
dl#q_location=> dl#abstract_region ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#abstract_quality ,
dl#inherent_in=> 1..* dl#non-physical_endurant ,
& dolce#abstract_quality ;
dl#region__R (^the measure of an attribute/dimension^)
> dl#quale dl#space_region {dl#temporal_region dl#physical_region dl#abstract_region },
dl#q_location of=> dl#quality ,
dl#generic_location of=> dl#entity , //dl#q_location of=> dl#quality ,
& dolce#region ;
dl#quale // := [dl#region *r, dl#proper_part=> no dl#region],
dl#has_quale of=> dl#quality;
dl#abstract_region__AR (^e.g. 2 US dollars^)
dl#abstract_location of=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#abstract_region ,
& dolce#abstract_region ;
sumo#abstract__entity_without_spatial_feature (^$(many specializations)$ e.g. knowledge, motivation, measure; properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium; instances of sumo#abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place or time without some physical encoding or embodiment^)
> pm#psychological_entity pm#description_content sowa#abstract dl#abstract sumo#quantity {sumo#Attribute pm#type} pm#set_or_class ; //{sumo#graph sumo#graph_element }; //+ pm#relation ?
// > {sumo#Attribute sumo#quantity sumo#set_or_class pm#relation_type sumo#proposition }
//impossible: [a sumo#abstract, sumo#located: a pm#spatial_object]
// [a sumo#abstract, sumo#time: a pm#temporal_entity]
pm#psychological_entity (^$(distinction Y)$ feature/product of mental activity, e.g. feeling^)
> dl#mental_object #psychological_feature ;
dl#mental_object
> #sense_experience ;
sowa#abstract__abstract_entity (^distinguished from sumo#abstract because John Sowa does not seem to categorize all types of relations, sets, classes, attributes, quantities and graphs under this category; see http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm and http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/roles.htm^)
> sowa#form sumo#proposition sowa#intention ;
dl#abstract__abstraction__AB
> {dl#fact dl#set dl#region },
dl#has_quality=> 0 dl#Spatial_location ,
& dolce#abstract ;
sumo#quantity (^any specification of how many or how much of something there is^)
> {pm#atomic_ADT sumo#physical_quantity };
sumo#physical_quantity (^a measure of some quantifiable aspect of the modeled world, such as 'the earth's diameter' (a constant length) and 'the stress in a loaded deformable solid' (a measure of stress, which is a function of three spatial coordinates); physical_quantities need not be material, e.g. amounts of money (in specified currencies) would be instances of sumo#physical_quantity^)
> {(sumo#constant_quantity pm#function_quantity_type )} dl#region (pm); //this mixing of 1st-order type and 2nd-order type into a partition is bad form; is sumo#physical_quantity a 1st-order type or a 2nd-order type?
sumo#constant_quantity (^physical_quantity with a constant value, e.g. 3 meters and 5 hours; the magnitude (see magnitude_fn) of every constant_quantity is a real_number; constant_quantities are expressed with measure_fn, e.g. 3 meters can be expressed as (sumo#measure_fn 3 meter); they form a partial order with the less_than relation, since less_than is a relation_extended_to_quantities and less_than is defined over the real_numbers; the less_than relation is not a total order over the class constant_quantity since elements of some subclasses of constant_quantity (such as length quantities) are incomparable to elements of other subclasses of constant_quantity (such as mass quantities)^)
> sumo#time_measure ;
sumo#time_measure (^temporal duration or positions of time_points and time_intervals along the universal timeline^)
> sumo#time_duration sumo#time_position ;
sumo#time_duration (^any measure of length of time, with or without respect to the universal timeline^);
sumo#time_position (^any time_point or time_interval along the universal timeline from negative_infinity to positive_infinity^)
> {(sumo#time_interval sumo#time_point )};
sumo#time_interval (^a time_interval has both an extent and a location on the universal timeline; a time_interval has no gaps, i.e. this class contains only convex time intervals^);
sumo#time_point (^the time_points at which processes occur can be known with various degrees of precision and approximation, but conceptually time_points are point-like and not interval-like; that is, it doesn't make sense to talk about how long a time_point lasts^);
pm#function_quantity_type (^function that maps from one or more instances of constant_quantity to another instance of constant_quantity; for example, the velocity of a particle would be represented by a function_quantity mapping values of time (which are constant_quantities) to values of distance (also constant_quantities); note that all instances of function_quantity are functions with a fixed arity; note too that all elements of the range of a function_quantity have the same physical dimension as the function_quantity itself^)
> pm#unary_constant_function_quantity_type sumo#calorie sumo#British_thermal_unit , //to do: check that sumo#calorie is a 2nd-order type
= sumo#function_quantity ;
pm#unary_constant_function_quantity_type (^unary function that maps from sumo#constant_quantity to the same class^)
> pm#time_dependent_quantity_type ,
= sumo#unary_constant_function_quantity ;
pm#time_dependent_quantity_type (^a unary_constant_function of continuous time; all instances of this class map a time quantity into another constant_quantity such as temperature; for example, 'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a time_dependent_quantity since its value depends on the time^)
= sumo#time_dependent_quantity ;
pm#type (^$(distinct t)$ second-order type or more^)
> rdfs#class dolce#universal {pm#1st_order_type pm#2nd_order_type } ;
rdfs#class (^rdfs#class has pm#binary_relation_type as instance and hence is different from sumo#class^)
> sumo#class ,
: pm#binary_relation_type ,
= owl#class (pm); //sumo#relation(=pm#relation_type) is exclusive with sumo#set_or_class, hence sumo#binary_relation(=pm#binary_relation_type) is exclusive with sumo#class, but rdf#property(=pm#binary_relation_type) may actually not be exclusive with rdfs#class(=sumo#class); in fact, although not represented here, rdf#property is instance of rdfs#class but sumo#binary_relation is not instance of sumo#class
sumo#class (^classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g. the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g. the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances^)
> rdfs#datatype owl#restriction owl#all_different (pm) owl#deprecated_class dl#rigid dl#leaf_type dl#non-empty pm#situation_class pm#attribute_class pm#substance_class ,
: pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm) pm#thing (pm);
dl#rigid__RG (^"all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity^);
dl#leaf_type__L (^type without subtype^);
dl#non-empty__NEP (^such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance^)
> dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant ;
pm#situation_class (^all situation types are instance of this class^)
> pm#sumo_process_class dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class dl#cumulative_perdurant_class dl#anticumulative_perdurant_class dl#homeomerous_perdurant_class dl#anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class dl#atomic_perdurant_class dl#anti-atomic_perdurant_class ,
: pm#situation ;
pm#sumo_process_class (^all SUMO process types are instance of this class^)
: sumo#process ;
dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class__NEP.S (^this kind of perdurant have at least two instances not related by a part relation^);
dl#cumulative_perdurant_class__CM (^a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant is of this kind of perdurant^);
dl#anticumulative_perdurant_class__CM~ (^a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant (unconnected by a part relation) is not of this kind of perdurant^);
dl#homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM (^any part is of the same type^);
dl#anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM~ (^no part is of the same type^);
dl#atomic_perdurant_class__AT (^no perdurant of this kind has a proper part^);
dl#anti-atomic_perdurant_class__AT~ (^any perdurant of this kind has a proper part^);
pm#attribute_class (^class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute^)
: sumo#Attribute ;
pm#substance_class (^class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance^)
: sumo#substance ;
dolce#universal__UNIVERSAL
> dolce#rigid_universal ;
dolce#rigid_universal__X
: dolce#particular (pm) dolce#entity dolce#abstract dolce#region dolce#temporal_region dolce#time_interval dolce#physical_region dolce#space_region dolce#abstract_region dolce#quality dolce#temporal_quality dolce#temporal_location dolce#physical_quality dolce#spatial_location dolce#abstract_quality dolce#endurant dolce#amount_of_matter dolce#physical_endurant dolce#feature dolce#physical_object dolce#agentive_physical_object dolce#non-agentive_physical_object dolce#non-physical_endurant dolce#non-physical_object dolce#mental_object dolce#social_object dolce#agentive_social_object dolce#social_agent dolce#society dolce#non-agentive_social_object dolce#arbitrary_sum dolce#perdurant dolce#event dolce#achievement dolce#accomplishment dolce#stative dolce#state dolce#process ;
pm#1st_order_type__type1 (^all 1st order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 2nd-order type^)
> pm#relation_type ;
pm#relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ there are three kinds of relation(_types): pm#predicate_type, pm#function_type and sumo#list; both predicates and functions denote sets of ordered n-tuples; the difference between these two classes is that predicates cover formula-forming operators, while functions cover term-forming operators; a list, on the other hand, is a particular ordered n-tuple^)
> {(pm#predicate_type pm#function_type sumo#list )} pm#single_valued_relation_type {(pm#total_valued_relation_type pm#partial_valued_relation_type )} {pm#binary_relation_type pm#ternary_relation_type pm#quaternary_relation_type pm#quintary_relation_type pm#variable_arity_relation_type } pm#many_to_many_relation_type pm#many_to_one_relation_type pm#one_to_many_relation_type pm#type_of_relation_extended_to_quantities pm#probability_relation_type pm#spatial_relation_type pm#temporal_relation_type pm#intentional_relation_type , //to do: list pm#intentional_relation_type (not in sumo; forgotten?) as added
: pm#relation ,
= sumo#relation ;
pm#predicate_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ a sentence-forming relation with each tuple being a finite, ordered sequence of objects^)
> pm#binary_predicate_type pm#ternary_predicate_type pm#quaternary_predicate_type pm#quintary_predicate_type ,
: sumo#disjoint_relation sumo#contrary_attribute sumo#exhaustive_attribute sumo#exhaustive_decomposition sumo#disjoint_decomposition sumo#partition sumo#holds ,
= sumo#predicate ;
pm#binary_predicate_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of predicates relating two items - its valence is two^)
> pm#case_relation_type ,
: sumo#instance pm#inverse sumo#subclass sumo#subrelation pm#equal sumo#range sumo#range_subclass sumo#valence sumo#documentation sumo#disjoint sumo#related_internal_concept sumo#sub_attribute sumo#successor_attribute sumo#successor_attribute_closure sumo#entails sumo#material sumo#sub_collection sumo#contains_information sumo#leader sumo#property sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#less_than_or_equal_to sumo#greater_than_or_equal_to sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#independent_probability sumo#in_scope_of_interest sumo#in_list sumo#sub_list sumo#initial_list sumo#closed_on sumo#reflexive_on sumo#irreflexive_on sumo#partial_ordering_on sumo#total_ordering_on sumo#trichotomizing_on sumo#equivalence_relation_on sumo#distributes sumo#causes sumo#causes_subclass sumo#copy sumo#time sumo#holds_during sumo#exploits sumo#has_purpose sumo#has_skill sumo#partly_located sumo#traverses sumo#possesses sumo#precondition sumo#inhibits sumo#prevents sumo#refers sumo#subsumes_content_class sumo#subsumes_content_instance sumo#expressed_in_language sumo#sub_proposition sumo#uses sumo#identity_element sumo#element sumo#measure sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#duration sumo#frequency sumo#temporal_part sumo#before_or_equal sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#meets_temporally sumo#earlier sumo#cooccur sumo#date sumo#connected sumo#hole sumo#sub_process sumo#transaction_amount sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#developmental_form sumo#inhabits sumo#authors sumo#editor sumo#publishes sumo#version sumo#wears sumo#family_relation sumo#parent sumo#sibling sumo#legal_relation sumo#employs sumo#citizen sumo#premise sumo#conclusion sumo#consistent sumo#faces sumo#modal_attribute sumo#geometric_part sumo#parallel sumo#angular_measure sumo#line_measure ,
= sumo#binary_predicate ;
pm#case_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a process. e.g. the agent, patient or destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain^)
: pm#doer/object/result/place pm#experiencer sumo#exploits sumo#agent sumo#destination sumo#experiencer sumo#origin sumo#patient sumo#path sumo#direction ,
= sumo#case_role ;
pm#ternary_predicate_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of predicates that require exactly three arguments^)
: sumo#domain sumo#domain_subclass sumo#related_external_concept sumo#conditional_probability sumo#prefers sumo#capability sumo#has_purpose_for_agent sumo#confers_norm sumo#deprives_norm sumo#between sumo#represents_for_agent sumo#represents_in_language sumo#distance sumo#temporally_between sumo#temporally_between_or_equal sumo#connects sumo#orientation sumo#occupies_position sumo#point_of_intersection sumo#geometric_distance ,
= sumo#ternary_predicate ;
pm#quaternary_predicate_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of predicates that require four arguments^)
= sumo#quaternary_predicate ;
pm#quintary_predicate_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of predicates that require five arguments^)
= sumo#quintary_predicate ;
pm#single_valued_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ when an assignment of values to every argument position except the last one determines at most one assignment for the last argument position; not all single_valued_relations are total_valued_relations^)
> pm#function_type ,
: sumo#valence sumo#leader sumo#unique_identifier sumo#age sumo#width sumo#distance sumo#altitude sumo#depth sumo#monetary_value sumo#date sumo#transaction_amount sumo#mother sumo#father sumo#conclusion sumo#geometric_distance ,
= sumo#single_valued_relation ;
pm#function_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ term-forming relation that maps from a n-tuple of arguments to a range and that associates this n-tuple with at most one range element; note that the range is a set_or_class, and each element of the range is an instance of the set_or_class^)
: pm#unary_function pm#binary_function sumo#assignment_fn sumo#list_fn sumo#greatest_common_divisor_fn sumo#least_common_multiple_fn ,
> pm#continuous_function_type pm#function_quantity_type pm#unary_function_type pm#binary_function_type pm#ternary_function_type pm#quaternary_function_type ,
= sumo#function ;
pm#continuous_function_type (^class of functions which are continuous; this concept is taken as primitive until representations for limits are devised^)
> pm#time_dependent_quantity_type ,
= sumo#continuous_function ;
pm#unary_function_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of functions requiring a single argument; if R is functional, then if R(x -> y) and P(x -> z) then y=z^)
: pm#unary_function sumo#power_set_fn sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#abstraction_fn sumo#extension_fn sumo#probability_fn sumo#list_length_fn sumo#property_fn sumo#absolute_value_fn sumo#ceiling_fn sumo#cosine_fn sumo#denominator_fn sumo#floor_fn sumo#imaginary_part_fn sumo#integer_square_root_fn sumo#numerator_fn sumo#rational_number_fn sumo#real_number_fn sumo#reciprocal_fn sumo#round_fn sumo#signum_fn sumo#sine_fn sumo#square_root_fn sumo#tangent_fn sumo#successor_fn sumo#predecessor_fn sumo#complement_fn sumo#generalized_union_fn sumo#generalized_intersection_fn sumo#cardinality_fn sumo#kilo_fn sumo#mega_fn sumo#giga_fn sumo#tera_fn sumo#milli_fn sumo#micro_fn sumo#nano_fn sumo#pico_fn sumo#magnitude_fn sumo#wealth_fn sumo#begin_fn sumo#end_fn sumo#when_fn sumo#past_fn sumo#immediate_past_fn sumo#future_fn sumo#immediate_future_fn sumo#year_fn sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#immediate_family_fn sumo#government_fn sumo#premises_fn ,
> pm#unary_constant_function_quantity_type pm#one_to_one_function_type ,
= sumo#unary_function owl#functional_property (pm) daml#unique_property (pm);
/* pm#functional_binary_relation_type (^type of relations which have maxCardinality=1; e.g. integer successor: if P is functional, then if P(x,y) and P(x,z) then y=z^)
: pm#unary_function,//or pm#functional_binary_relation
= owl#functional_property daml#unique_property ;
*/
pm#one_to_one_function_type (^a function F is one to one just in case for all X, Y in the domain of F, if X is not identical to Y, then F(X) is not identical to F(Y)^)
> pm#sequence_function_type ,
= sumo#one_to_one_function ;
pm#sequence_function_type (^class of one_to_one_functions whose range is a subclass of the positive_integers^)
= sumo#sequence_function ;
pm#binary_function_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of functions requiring two arguments^)
> pm#associative_function_type pm#commutative_function_type ,
: pm#binary_function sumo#list_order_fn sumo#list_concatenate_fn sumo#where_fn sumo#multiplication_fn sumo#addition_fn sumo#subtraction_fn sumo#division_fn sumo#exponentiation_fn sumo#log_fn sumo#max_fn sumo#min_fn sumo#remainder_fn sumo#union_fn sumo#intersection_fn sumo#relative_complement_fn sumo#kappa_fn sumo#measure_fn sumo#interval_fn sumo#per_fn sumo#time_interval_fn sumo#recurrent_time_interval_fn sumo#month_fn sumo#day_fn sumo#hour_fn sumo#minute_fn sumo#second_fn sumo#temporal_composition_fn sumo#mereological_sum_fn sumo#mereological_product_fn sumo#mereological_difference_fn sumo#edition_fn sumo#series_volume_fn sumo#periodical_issue_fn sumo#relative_time_fn ,
= sumo#binary_function ;
pm#associative_function_type (^a binary function is associative if bracketing has no effect on the value returned by the function; more precisely, a function ?FUNCTION is associative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 (?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?FUNCTION (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3^)
= sumo#associative_function ;
pm#commutative_function_type (^a binary function is commutative if the ordering of the arguments of the function has no effect on the value returned by the function; more precisely, a function ?FUNCTION is commutative just in case (?FUNCTION ?INST1 ?INST2) is equal to (?FUNCTION ?INST2 ?INST1), for all ?INST1 and ?INST2^)
= sumo#commutative_function ;
pm#ternary_function_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of functions requiring three arguments^)
= sumo#ternary_function ;
pm#quaternary_function_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ class of functions requiring four arguments^)
= sumo#quaternary_function ;
pm#total_valued_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ when there exists an assignment for the last argument position of the relation given any assignment of values to every argument position except the last one; note that declaring a relation to be both a total_valued_relation and a single_valued_relation means that it is a total function^)
: sumo#power_set_fn sumo#probability_fn sumo#list_fn sumo#list_length_fn sumo#list_concatenate_fn sumo#where_fn sumo#property_fn sumo#multiplication_fn sumo#addition_fn sumo#subtraction_fn sumo#absolute_value_fn sumo#ceiling_fn sumo#cosine_fn sumo#denominator_fn sumo#exponentiation_fn sumo#floor_fn sumo#imaginary_part_fn sumo#max_fn sumo#min_fn sumo#numerator_fn sumo#reciprocal_fn sumo#round_fn sumo#signum_fn sumo#sine_fn sumo#tangent_fn sumo#successor_fn sumo#predecessor_fn sumo#union_fn sumo#intersection_fn sumo#relative_complement_fn sumo#complement_fn sumo#generalized_union_fn sumo#generalized_intersection_fn sumo#cardinality_fn sumo#measure_fn sumo#kilo_fn sumo#mega_fn sumo#giga_fn sumo#tera_fn sumo#milli_fn sumo#micro_fn sumo#nano_fn sumo#pico_fn sumo#per_fn sumo#density_fn sumo#speed_fn sumo#velocity_fn sumo#duration sumo#begin_fn sumo#end_fn sumo#when_fn sumo#past_fn sumo#immediate_past_fn sumo#future_fn sumo#immediate_future_fn sumo#mereological_sum_fn sumo#mereological_product_fn sumo#mereological_difference_fn sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#transaction_amount sumo#premise sumo#conclusion sumo#relative_time_fn sumo#angular_measure sumo#line_measure sumo#geometric_distance ,
= sumo#total_valued_relation ;
pm#partial_valued_relation_type (^relation type that is not a total_valued_relation_type, i.e. just in case assigning values to every argument position except the last one does not necessarily mean that there is a value assignment for the last argument position; note that, if a sumo#relation is both a partial_valued_relation and a single_valued_relation, then it is a partial function^)
: sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#abstraction_fn sumo#extension_fn sumo#list_order_fn sumo#division_fn sumo#greatest_common_divisor_fn sumo#integer_square_root_fn sumo#least_common_multiple_fn sumo#remainder_fn sumo#edition_fn sumo#series_volume_fn sumo#periodical_issue_fn ;
pm#binary_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ all binary relation types are instance of that object^)
> pm#unary_function_type pm#binary_predicate_type pm#injective_binary_relation_type pm#reflexive_relation_type pm#trichotomizing_relation_type pm#irreflexive_relation_type pm#symmetric_relation_type pm#antisymmetric_relation_type pm#transitive_relation_type pm#intransitive_relation_type owl#annotation_property owl#deprecated_property owl#ontology_property rdfs#constraint_property rdfs#container_membership_property {owl#datatype_property owl#object_property },
: pm#binary_relation sumo#distributes ,
= sumo#binary_relation rdf#property daml#property tap#property_type ;
pm#injective_binary_relation_type (^if P is injective, then if P(x,y) and P(z,y) then x=z; e.g. if nameOfMonth(m,"Feb") and nameOfMonth(n,"Feb") then m and n are the same month^)
: pm#injective_binary_relation ,
= owl#inverse_functional_property daml#unambiguous_property ;
pm#reflexive_relation_type (^a relation is reflexive if (?REL ?INST ?INST) for all ?INST^)
> pm#equivalence_relation_type pm#partial_ordering_relation_type ,
: pm#reflexive_relation sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#connected sumo#overlaps_spatially ,
= sumo#reflexive_relation ;
pm#equivalence_relation_type (^binary_relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive^)
: pm#equivalence_binary_relation pm#equal sumo#copy sumo#equivalent_content_class sumo#equivalent_content_instance sumo#cooccur sumo#family_relation ,
= sumo#equivalence_relation ;
pm#partial_ordering_relation_type (^binary_relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive^)
> pm#total_ordering_relation_type ,
: pm#partial_ordering_relation pm#total_ordering_relation pm#inferior_or_equal_to pm#superior_or_equal_to pm#generalizing_type pm#specializing_type pm#constitution pm#part pm#wnMember pm#sub_collection sumo#subclass sumo#subrelation sumo#sub_attribute sumo#part sumo#sub_collection sumo#less_than_or_equal_to sumo#greater_than_or_equal_to sumo#sub_list sumo#initial_list sumo#subsumes_content_class sumo#subsumes_content_instance sumo#temporal_part sumo#before_or_equal sumo#sub_process sumo#sub_organization sumo#geometric_part ,
= sumo#partial_ordering_relation ;
pm#total_ordering_relation_type (^partial_ordering_relation that is a trichotomizing_relation^)
: pm#total_ordering_relation ,
= sumo#total_ordering_relation ;
pm#trichotomizing_relation_type (^binary_relation such that all ordered pairs consisting of distinct individuals are element of this binary_relation^)
> pm#total_ordering_relation_type ,
: pm#trichotomizing_relation ,
= sumo#trichotomizing_relation ;
pm#irreflexive_relation_type (^r is irreflexive if r(?i,?i) holds for no value of ?i^)
> pm#asymmetric_relation_type ,
: pm#irreflexive_relation pm#inverse sumo#successor_attribute_closure sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#attribute sumo#manner sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#in_list sumo#inhibits sumo#prevents sumo#sub_proposition sumo#sub_plan sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#during sumo#earlier sumo#meets_spatially sumo#overlaps_partially sumo#superficial_part sumo#connected_engineering_components sumo#ancestor sumo#sibling sumo#brother sumo#sister sumo#spouse sumo#husband sumo#wife sumo#modal_attribute ,
= sumo#irreflexive_relation ;
pm#asymmetric_relation_type (^an antisymmetric and irreflexive relation^)
> pm#case_relation_type pm#propositional_attitude_relation_type ,
: pm#asymmetric_relation sumo#immediate_instance sumo#immediate_subclass sumo#range sumo#range_subclass sumo#valence sumo#documentation sumo#successor_attribute sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#probability_fn sumo#proper_part sumo#contains sumo#member sumo#contains_information sumo#leader sumo#attribute sumo#manner sumo#in_list sumo#closed_on sumo#reflexive_on sumo#irreflexive_on sumo#partial_ordering_on sumo#total_ordering_on sumo#trichotomizing_on sumo#equivalence_relation_on sumo#causes sumo#causes_subclass sumo#time sumo#holds_during sumo#exploits sumo#has_purpose sumo#has_skill sumo#crosses sumo#penetrates sumo#possesses sumo#precondition sumo#realization sumo#expressed_in_language sumo#uses sumo#identity_element sumo#element sumo#cardinality_fn sumo#measure sumo#duration sumo#frequency sumo#meets_temporally sumo#date sumo#surface sumo#interior_part sumo#hole sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#partially_fills sumo#properly_fills sumo#completely_fills sumo#fills sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#geopolitical_subdivision sumo#developmental_form sumo#inhabits sumo#authors sumo#editor sumo#publishes sumo#version sumo#parent sumo#husband sumo#wife sumo#citizen sumo#modal_attribute , //re-ordered but correct
= sumo#asymmetric_relation ;
pm#propositional_attitude_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition^)
: pm#propositional_attitude_relation sumo#desires sumo#considers sumo#believes sumo#knows ,
= sumo#propositional_attitude ;
pm#symmetric_relation_type (^when (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) implies (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1), for all ?INST1 and ?INST2^)
> pm#equivalence_relation_type,
: pm#symmetric_relation pm#inverse sumo#independent_probability sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#connected sumo#meets_spatially sumo#overlaps_spatially sumo#overlaps_partially sumo#connected_engineering_components sumo#sibling sumo#legal_relation sumo#spouse sumo#consistent ,
= owl#symmetric_property sumo#symmetric_relation ;
pm#antisymmetric_relation_type (^when for distinct ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) implies not (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1), that is, for all ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) imply that ?INST1 and ?INST2 are identical; it is possible for an antisymmetric relation to be a reflexive relation^)
> pm#asymmetric_relation_type pm#partial_ordering_relation_type ,
: pm#antisymmetric_relation sumo#partly_located sumo#located ,
= sumo#antisymmetric_relation ;
pm#transitive_relation_type (^a binary_relation ?REL is transitive if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3^)
> pm#equivalence_relation_type pm#partial_ordering_relation_type ,
: pm#transitive_relation sumo#successor_attribute_closure sumo#proper_part sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#located sumo#crosses sumo#precondition sumo#sub_proposition sumo#sub_plan sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#during sumo#earlier sumo#superficial_part sumo#interior_part sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#geopolitical_subdivision sumo#developmental_form sumo#version sumo#ancestor sumo#brother sumo#sister dl#part dl#proper_part ,
= sumo#transitive_relation owl#transitive_property ;
pm#intransitive_relation_type (^a binary_relation ?REL is intransitive only if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply not (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3^)
: pm#intransitive_relation pm#inverse sumo#immediate_instance sumo#immediate_subclass sumo#member sumo#penetrates sumo#element sumo#meets_temporally sumo#parent ,
= sumo#intransitive_relation ;
//owl#annotation_property
// : rdfs#label rdfs#comment rdfs#see_also rdfs#is_defined_by owl#version_info ;
owl#ontology_property
: pm#relation_to_another_ontology (pm);
rdfs#container_membership_property
: rdfs#member ;
owl#object_property (^if rel is an ObjectProperty, and rel(x,y), then y is an object^);
pm#ternary_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ relates three items^)
> pm#ternary_predicate_type pm#binary_function_type ,
= sumo#ternary_relation ;
pm#quaternary_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ relates four items^)
> pm#quaternary_predicate_type pm#ternary_function_type ,
= sumo#quaternary_relation ;
pm#quintary_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ relates five items^)
> pm#quintary_predicate_type pm#quaternary_function_type ,
= sumo#quintary_relation ;
pm#variable_arity_relation_type (^class of relations that do not have a fixed number of arguments^)
: pm#relation_with_variable_arity sumo#disjoint_relation sumo#contrary_attribute sumo#exhaustive_attribute sumo#exhaustive_decomposition sumo#disjoint_decomposition sumo#partition sumo#assignment_fn sumo#holds sumo#list_fn sumo#greatest_common_divisor_fn sumo#least_common_multiple_fn ,
= sumo#variable_arity_relation ;
pm#type_of_relation_extended_to_quantities (^$(inheritable properties)$ relation that, when it is true on a sequence of arguments that are real_numbers, it is also true on a sequence of constant_quantites with those magnitudes in some unit of measure; for example, the less_than relation is extended to quantities; this means that for all pairs of quantities ?q1 and ?q2, [?q1, sumo#less_than: ?q2] if and only if, for some numbers ?n1 and ?n2 and unit ?u, [q1 = sumo#measure_fn(?n1,?u)], [q2 = sumo#measure_fn(?n2,?u)] and [?n1, less_than: ?n2] for all units on which ?q1 and ?q2 can be measured; note that, when a relation_extended_to_quantities is extended from real_numbers to constant_quantities, the constant_quantities must be measured along the same physical dimension^)
: pm#equal sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#less_than_or_equal_to sumo#greater_than_or_equal_to sumo#multiplication_fn sumo#addition_fn sumo#subtraction_fn sumo#division_fn sumo#exponentiation_fn sumo#max_fn sumo#min_fn sumo#reciprocal_fn sumo#remainder_fn ,
= sumo#relation_extended_to_quantities ; //to do: check the _fn classes
pm#probability_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of relations that permit assessment of the probability of an event or situation^)
: pm#probability_relation sumo#probability_fn sumo#conditional_probability sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#independent_probability ,
= sumo#probability_relation ;
pm#spatial_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of relations that are spatial in a wide sense, e.g. mereological relations and topological relation^)
: pm#relation_from_spatial_object sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#part sumo#contains sumo#partly_located sumo#between sumo#traverses sumo#where_fn sumo#distance sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#connected sumo#connects sumo#mereological_sum_fn sumo#mereological_product_fn sumo#mereological_difference_fn sumo#hole sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#partially_fills sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#orientation ,
= sumo#spatial_relation ;
pm#temporal_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of temporal relations, e.g. notions of (temporal) topology of intervals, (temporal) schemata, and (temporal) extension^)
: pm#temporal_relation sumo#time sumo#temporal_part sumo#begin_fn sumo#end_fn sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#before_or_equal sumo#temporally_between sumo#temporally_between_or_equal sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#meets_temporally sumo#earlier sumo#cooccur sumo#time_interval_fn sumo#recurrent_time_interval_fn sumo#when_fn sumo#past_fn sumo#immediate_past_fn sumo#future_fn sumo#immediate_future_fn sumo#year_fn sumo#month_fn sumo#day_fn sumo#hour_fn sumo#minute_fn sumo#second_fn sumo#temporal_composition_fn sumo#relative_time_fn ,
= sumo#temporal_relation ;
pm#intentional_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of relations between an agent and one or more entities, where the relation requires that the agent has awareness of the entity^)
: pm#intentional_relation sumo#prefers sumo#in_scope_of_interest ,
> {pm#propositional_attitude_relation_type pm#object_attitude_relation_type },
= sumo#intentional_relation ;
pm#object_attitude_relation_type (^$(inheritable properties)$ the class of intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of an instance of sumo#physical^)
: pm#object_attitude_relation sumo#needs sumo#wants ,
= sumo#object_attitude ;
pm#2nd_order_type__type2 (^all 2nd order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 3rd order type^)
> pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type ;
pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type (^each instance RT of this class is a subclass of the 2nd-order_type pm#relation_type and the properties of RT can be inherited downward in the class hierarchy via the "subrelation" predicate^)
: pm#relation_type pm#binary_relation_type pm#ternary_relation_type pm#quaternary_relation_type pm#quintary_relation_type pm#type_of_relation_extended_to_quantities pm#single_valued_relation_type pm#total_valued_relation_type pm#case_relation_type pm#probability_relation_type pm#spatial_relation_type pm#temporal_relation_type pm#intentional_relation_type pm#propositional_attitude pm#object_attitude_relation_type pm#function_type pm#unary_function_type pm#binary_function_type pm#ternary_function_type pm#quaternary_function_type pm#predicate_type pm#binary_predicate_type pm#ternary_predicate_type pm#quaternary_predicate_type pm#quintary_predicate_type ,
= sumo#inheritable_relation ;
pm#set_or_class (^like sumo#set_or_class but including rdfs#class too^)
> sumo#set_or_class rdfs#class ;
sumo#set_or_class (^the "set_or_class" of "sets" and "classes", i.e. any "instance" of "abstract" that has "elements" or "instances"^)
> {(sumo#set sumo#class )} ;
sumo#set__bag (^a set_or_class that satisfies extensionality as well as other constraints specified by some choice of set theory; sets differ from classes in two important respects: 1) sets are extensional (two sets with the same elements are identical), 2) a set can be an arbitrary stock of objects, i.e. there is no requirement that sets have an associated condition that determines their membership; note that sets are not assumed to be unique sets, i.e. elements of a set may occur more than once in the set^)
> dl#set ;
// sumo#graph_element (^noncompositional parts of graphs^)
// > {(sumo#graph_node sumo#graph_arc )};
pm#undivisible_entity (^classification under this category is application-dependant^);
pm#divisible_entity (^$(distinction)$ ^)
> pm#collection sumo#corpuscular_object pm#amount_of_matter ;
pm#collection (^$(distinction C)$ something gathering separated things (entities/situations)^)
> pm#structured_ADT sumo#collection pm#set_or_class pm#type rdfs#constraint_resource dl#arbitrary_sum #group #set ;
rdfs#constraint_resource
> rdfs#constraint_property ;
dl#arbitrary_sum__AS (^e.g. the collection of a car and a foot^);
dl#endurant__ED
> {(dl#physical_endurant dl#non-physical_endurant dl#arbitrary_sum )},
dl#temporary_part=> dl#endurant ,
dl#temporary_part of=> dl#endurant ,
dl#temporary_proper_part=> dl#endurant ,
dl#temporary_proper_part of=> dl#endurant , //dl#participant_in=> dl#perdurant,
dl#e_temporal_location=> dl#temporal_region ,
dl#present_at=> dl#time_interval ,
dl#depends_on=> dl#endurant ,
dl#depends_on of=> dl#endurant ,
dl#descriptively_depends_on=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#participant_in=> dl#perdurant ,
& dolce#endurant ;
dl#non-physical_endurant__NPED
> dl#non-physical_object ,
dl#abstract_location=> dl#abstract_region ,
dl#depends_on_spatial_location=> dl#space_region ,
dl#physically_depends_on=> dl#physical_endurant ,
dl#descriptively_depends_on of=> dl#endurant ,
dl#part=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#constituted_by=> dl#non-physical_endurant ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#abstract_quality ,
& dolce#non-physical_endurant ;
dl#non-physical_object__NPOB
> {dl#mental_object dl#social_object },
& dolce#non-physical_object ;
dl#mental_object__MOB (^e.g. a percept, a sense datum^)
& dolce#mental_object ;
dl#social_object__SOB
> {(dl#agentive_social_object dl#non-agentive_social_object )},
& dolce#social_object ;
dl#agentive_social_object__ASO
> {dl#social_agent dl#society },
& dolce#agentive_social_object ;
dl#social_agent__SAG (^e.g. a legal person, a contractant^)
> dl#socially_constructed_person dl#social_unit ,
& dolce#social_agent ;
dl#society__SC (^e.g. IBM, ONU^)
> dl#group ,
& dolce#society ;
dl#non-agentive_social_object__NASO (^e.g. law, asset, currency, economic system^)
> dl#information_object dl#non-physical_place ,
& dolce#non-agentive_social_object ;
dl#information_object
dl#physically_depends_on: 1..* dl#PQ_or_PED_or_PR_or_PD ;
dl#non-physical_place
> dl#political_geographic_object ,
dl#physically_depends_on: 1..* dl#physical_place ;
dl#political_geographic_object
> dl#country ,
dl#physically_depends_on: 1..* dl#geographical_object ;
pm#entity_playing_some_role (^$(many specializations)$ e.g. an agent, an owner^)
> pm#owned_entity pm#entity_part #variable pm#situation_result pm#process_recipient pm#process_object pm#causal_entity pm#imaginary_entity {#essential #inessential } #self-contained_entity #anticipation #unnamed_thing #holy_of_holies ;
pm#owned_entity (^$(#creation_result may be physical or not)$ ^)
> #possession {#good_point #bad_point } #creation_result ;
pm#entity_part
> pm#physical_entity_part_or_substance ;
pm#process_recipient (^recipient of a process^)
> #recipient ;
pm#process_object
> #depicted_object ;
pm#causal_entity__agent (^$(many specializations; distinction)$ something (animal or software agent) able to act^)
> pm#goal_directed_agent pm#perhaps_goal_directed_causal_entity pm#without_goal_causal_entity dl#agentive_physical_object dl#agentive_social_object #causal_agent ;
pm#goal_directed_agent (^$(many specializations)$ goal directed causal entity, e.g. a problem solver or an interactional agent^)
> pm#cognitive_agent ;
pm#cognitive_agent (^$(many specializations)$ for example an animal or an AI-agent^)
> {(sumo#sentient_agent pm#non_sentient_cognitive_agent )} menu#person_or_organization ;
pm#non_sentient_cognitive_agent (^e.g. AI_Agent^)
> #social_group ;
menu#person_or_organization (^this category is for menu-generation purposes^)
> {(#person #organization )};
pm#perhaps_goal_directed_causal_entity (^e.g. supernatural forces^);
pm#without_goal_causal_entity (^non conscious entity and not AI_Agent^);
pm#imaginary_entity (^an entity that has been imagined^)
> pm#imaginary_spatial_entity ;
pm#imaginary_spatial_entity (^e.g. a cartoon character^)
> #imaginary_place #imaginary_being #spiritual_being ;
pm#thing_playing_some_role (^$(many specializations; distinction R)$ category to classify things according to roles/viewpoints; classification under this category is application-dependant^)
> pm#created_thing pm#thing_needed_for_some_process pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation pm#situation_playing_some_role pm#entity_playing_some_role {sowa#mediating_thing sowa#relative_thing };
pm#created_thing (^$(distinct)$ e.g. entity or situation that results from a process; in WordNet, #creation_result is for entities while #resultant is for situation^)
> sumo#artifact #artifact #creation_result #resultant ;
pm#thing_needed_for_some_process (^$(distinct)$ ^)
> pm#domain_object pm#domain_user pm#thing_needed_for_knowledge_engineering pm#attraction ;
pm#attraction (^$(not in top-level ontology)$ ^)
> pm#tourist_attraction ;
pm#tourist_attraction
> pm#nature_park pm#animal_park #theme_park pm#cultural_attraction pm#attraction_shop ;
pm#nature_park
> #national_park ;
pm#cultural_attraction
> #museum #theater #art_gallery ;
pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation (^$(many specializations; distinct r)$ usable as relation type^)
> pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_function pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure #relation #psychological_feature #information #national #maker #creator #employee #user #relative #peer #facility ;
pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_function (^a node cannot be source of 2 comparable relations of such types and having different destinations^)
> pm#contact_point #employer #seller ;
//#seller not used; use pm#seller instead
pm#contact_point
> pm#phone_No pm#fax_No pm#email_address #address ;
pm#phone_No
> {pm#mobile_phone_No pm#home_phone_No pm#business_phone_No };
sowa#mediating_thing (^Peirce/Sowa's notion of "thirdness"; click here for details^)
> sowa#nexus sowa#intention ;
sowa#nexus__physical_mediating_thing (^click here for details^)
> sowa#structure sowa#situation ;
sowa#relative_thing (^Peirce/Sowa's notion of "secondness"; click here for details^)
> sowa#prehension sowa#proposition ;
sowa#prehension__physical_relative_thing (^click here for details^)
> sowa#juncture sowa#participation ;
sowa#juncture__physical_relative_continuant (^click here for details^);
sowa#participation__physical_relative_occurrent (^click here for details^);
sowa#independent_thing (^Peirce/Sowa's notion of "firstness"; click here for details^)
> sowa#actuality sowa#form ;
sowa#actuality__physical_independent_thing (^click here for details^)
> sowa#object sowa#process ;
sumo#physical__physical_thing (^an entity that has a location in space-time; locations are themselves understood to have a location in space-time; click here for more details on the identical category sowa#physical_thing^)
> {(sumo#object sumo#process )} sowa#actuality sowa#prehension sowa#nexus ,
= sowa#physical_thing ;
//[any sumo#physical, sumo#located: a pm#spatial_object, sumo#time: a pm#temporal_entity] ;
sowa#continuant__spatial_entity_with_time_independent_identity (^click here for details^)
> sowa#object sowa#schema sowa#juncture sowa#description sowa#structure sowa#reason ;
sowa#occurrent__thing_without_temporally_stable_identity (^click here for details^)
> sowa#process sowa#script sowa#participation sowa#history sowa#situation sowa#purpose ;
pm#undivisible_thing (^thing with no proper part^)
> dl#atom pm#undivisible_entity ;
pm#divisible_thing
> pm#divisible_entity ;
pm#individual__particular__supertype_of_1st_order_types (^all individuals (for concepts or relations) are implicitely or explicitely instance of that type^)
> {pm#spatial_object pm#description_content pm#description_container pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure } dl#entity dolce#entity dolce#particular ; //not pm#description_content/medium/container because of sumo#list which, from SUMO, is subtype of pm#relation_type (= sumo#relation) and, from me, is subtype of pm#structured_ADT which is subtype of pm#description_medium // = dl#entity ?
dl#entity (^a category from DOLCE or generalized by a category from DOLCE^)
> dl#atom dl#abstract_or_perdurant dl#quality_or_endurant_or_perdurant ,
= dl#particular__PT ,
dl#conceptual_relation=> dl#entity ,
dl#has_quality=> dl#quality ,
dl#host of=> dl#feature ,
dl#generic_location=> dl#entity ,
& dolce#entity dolce#particular ;
//in dolce the endurant/perdurant distinction does not involve qualities
dl#atom__At //= pm#undivisible_thing (^thing with no proper part^)
> dl#temporary_atom ,
// := [dl#entity *e, dl#proper_part=> no dl#entity], //a !dl#entity
dl#atomic_part of=> dl#entity ;
dl#temporary_atom__At
// := [dl#atom *d, dl#temporary_proper_part=> no dl#entity],
dl#temporary_atomic_part of=> dl#entity ,
& dolce#temporary_atom ;
dl#abstract_or_perdurant__AB_or_PD
> {(dl#perdurant dl#abstract)}; //no more: pm#situation = dl#perdurant
dl#quality_or_endurant_or_perdurant__Q_or_ED_or_PD
> {(dl#quality dl#endurant_or_perdurant )} dl#PQ_or_PED_or_PR_or_PD ;
dl#endurant_or_perdurant__ED_or_PD
> {(dl#perdurant dl#endurant )}; //no more: pm#situation = dl#perdurant
dl#PQ_or_PED_or_PR_or_PD
> {(dl#physical_quality dl#physical_endurant dl#physical_region dl#perdurant)};
3D#thing (^an object seen from a 3D (or endurantist) perspective, i.e. where a spatial entity may have a time independent identity, as opposed for example to the 4D perspective where each spatial entity has an associated time frame; click here and here for details^)
> dl#endurant ;
4D#thing (^an object seen from a 3D (or perdurantist) perspective; click here and here for details^);
//======================= 2) Relation types =======================
pm#relation__related_object__related_with (*) (^type for any relation (unary, binary, ..., *-ary) and instance of pm#relation_type^)
> {pm#relation_from_situation pm#spatial_relation_from_entity_with_spatial_feature pm#relation_from_collection pm#relation_from_description_content/medium/container pm#relation_from_attribute_or_quality_or_measure } {pm#relation_to_situation pm#spatial_relation_to_entity_with_spatial_feature pm#relation_to_time pm#relation_to_collection pm#relation_to_attribute_or_quality_or_measure } {pm#attributive_relation pm#mereological_relation pm#intentional_relation pm#temporal_relation } dl#conceptual_relation pm#relation_with_common_mathematical_property {pm#binary_relation pm#ternary_relation pm#quaternary_relation pm#relation_with_variable_arity } pm#relation_for_an_application pm#relation_from_a_world ;
pm#relation_from_situation (pm#situation ,*)
> {pm#relation_from_situation_to_time pm#relation_from_situation_to_situation } pm#case_relation pm#within_group ;
pm#relation_from_situation_to_time (pm#situation ,pm#time_measure )
> pm#time pm#duration pm#from_time pm#until_time pm#before_time ;
pm#time (pm#situation ,pm#time_measure )
> pm#date ;
pm#date (pm#situation -> pm#time_measure );
pm#duration (pm#situation -> pm#time_measure );
pm#from_time (pm#situation -> pm#time_measure )
> pm#departure_time ;
pm#departure_time (pm#process -> pm#time_measure );
pm#until_time__to_time (pm#situation -> pm#time_measure )
> pm#arrival_time ;
pm#arrival_time (pm#process -> pm#time_measure );
pm#before_time (pm#situation ,pm#time_measure );
pm#relation_from_situation_to_situation (pm#situation ,pm#situation )
> pm#later_situation pm#before_situation ;
pm#later_situation (pm#situation ,pm#situation )
> pm#next_situation pm#ending_situation pm#postcondition pm#consequence ;
pm#next_situation (pm#situation -> pm#situation );
pm#ending_situation__termination (pm#situation -> pm#situation );
pm#postcondition (pm#process ,pm#situation );
pm#consequence (pm#situation ,pm#situation ) (^see also rst#effect^);
pm#before_situation (pm#situation ,pm#situation ) (^in WebKB, do not use these relations, use their inverses^)
> pm#previous_situation pm#beginning_situation pm#precondition pm#cause ;
pm#previous_situation (pm#situation -> pm#situation );
pm#beginning_situation (pm#situation -> pm#situation )
- pm#ending_situation ;
pm#precondition (pm#process ,pm#situation )
- pm#postcondition ;
pm#cause (pm#situation ,pm#situation ) (^see also rst#cause^)
> sumo#causes ,
- pm#consequence ;
sumo#causes (sumo#process ,sumo#process ) (^the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument^);
pm#case_relation__thematic_relation (pm#situation ,*)
> pm#doer/object/result/place pm#experiencer pm#relation_from_process_only pm#participant_in_Dolce_Lite ;
pm#doer/object/result/place (pm#situation ,?)
> pm#doer/object/result pm#from/to pm#place pm#path_length ;
pm#doer/object/result (pm#situation ,?)
> pm#agent pm#initiator pm#object/result ;
pm#agent__doer (pm#situation [0..*], pm#entity [1..*])
> pm#organizer pm#participant pm#seller pm#customer sumo#agent ;
pm#organizer (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#participant (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#seller__vendor__vender (pm#situation -> pm#goal_directed_agent );
pm#customer__client__buyer__purchaser__vendee (pm#situation ,pm#goal_directed_agent );
sumo#agent (sumo#process ,dl#agentive_physical_object ) (^$(same normalization as sumo#Agent)$ the 2nd argument is an active determinant, animate or inanimate, of the process^);
pm#initiator (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#object/result (pm#situation ,?)
> pm#instrument pm#object pm#result ;
pm#instrument (pm#situation ,pm#entity )
> sumo#instrument ;
sumo#instrument (sumo#process ,sumo#object ) (^the 2nd argument is used in bringing about the first and is not changed by it, e.g. the key is an instrument in 'the key opened the door'; instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair^);
pm#object__patient__theme (pm#situation ,?)
> pm#input pm#input_output sumo#patient ;
pm#input (pm#process ,?)
> pm#material pm#parameter ;
pm#material (pm#process ,?);
pm#parameter (pm#process ,?);
pm#input_output (pm#process ,?)
> pm#modified_object pm#deleted_object ;
pm#modified_object (pm#process ,?)
> pm#muted_object ;
pm#muted_object (pm#process ,?);
pm#deleted_object (pm#process ,?);
sumo#patient (sumo#process ,?) (^the 2nd argument may be moved, said, experienced, etc; the direct objects in 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients; the patient of a process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the process^)
> {sumo#instrument sumo#resource sumo#result };
sumo#resource (sumo#process ,sumo#object) (^the object is present at the beginning of the process, is used by it, and as a consequence is changed by it; for example, soap is a resource in 'the gun was carved out of soap'; resource differs from instrument in that its internal or physical properties are altered in some way by the process^);
sumo#result (sumo#process ,?) (^the 2nd argument is the product of the process, e.g. house is a result in 'Eric built a house'^);
pm#result (pm#situation ,?)
> pm#output sumo#result ;
pm#output (pm#process ,?);
pm#from/to (pm#situation ,pm#entity )
> pm#source pm#recipient pm#from/to_place sumo#origin sumo#destination ;
pm#source (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#recipient (pm#situation ,pm#entity )
> pm#beneficiary ;
pm#beneficiary (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#from/to_place (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object )
> pm#from_place pm#to_place pm#via_place pm#path ;
pm#from_place (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object );
pm#to_place__destination (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object );
pm#via_place__via (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object );
pm#path (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object );
sumo#origin__from (sumo#process ,sumo#object ) (^the 2nd argument (which must be present at least at the beginning of the process) indicates where the process began; for example, the submarine is the origin in 'the missile was launched from a submarine'^);
sumo#destination__to (sumo#process ,pm#entity ) (^the 2nd parameter is the target or goal of the process; for example, Danbury would be the destination in 'Bob went to Danbury'; this is a very general case_role which, in particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'; thus, John would be the destination in 'Tom gave a book to John'^);
pm#path_length (pm#process -> pm#spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure );
pm#place (pm#situation -> pm#spatial_object );
pm#experiencer (pm#situation ,pm#causal_entity )
> sumo#experiencer ;
sumo#experiencer (sumo#process ,dl#agentive_physical_object ) (^e.g. Yojo is the experiencer of seeing in 'Yojo sees the fish'; unlike agent, this relation does not entail a causal relation between the arguments^);
pm#relation_from_process_only (pm#process ,?)
> pm#goal pm#triggering_event pm#ending_event pm#precondition pm#postcondition pm#input pm#input_output pm#sub_process pm#method pm#from/to_place pm#process_attribute ;
pm#goal (pm#process ,pm#situation );
pm#triggering_event (pm#process ,pm#event );
pm#ending_event (pm#process ,pm#event );
pm#sub_process (pm#process ,pm#process );
pm#method (pm#process ,pm#description );
pm#process_attribute (pm#process ,pm#process_attribute_or_quality_or_measure )
> pm#manner ;
pm#participant_in_Dolce_Lite (dl#perdurant ,dl#endurant)
> dl#participant dl#constant_participant ;
dl#participant__PC (dl#perdurant ,dl#endurant ) (^the DOLCE predicate PC(x,y,t) means "x participates in y during t" but this relation respects the usual reading conventions: the 1st argument has for participant the 2nd^)
- dl#participant_in ,
> dl#total_participant dl#temporary_total_participant ,
& dolce#participant ;
dl#total_participant__PC.T (dl#perdurant ,dl#endurant)
- dl#total_participant_in ,
& dolce#total_participant ;
dl#temporary_total_participant__PC.t (dl#perdurant ,dl#endurant)
- dl#temporary_total_participant_in ,
& dolce#temporary_total_participant ;
dl#constant_participant__PC.C (dl#perdurant ,dl#endurant )
- dl#constant_participant_in ,
& dolce#constant_participant ;
pm#within_group (pm#situation ,pm#collection );
pm#spatial_relation_from_entity_with_spatial_feature (sumo#object ,*)
> pm#relation_from_spatial_object sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#traverses sumo#distance sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#connected sumo#connects sumo#mereological_sum_fn sumo#mereological_product_fn sumo#mereological_difference_fn sumo#hole sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#partially_fills sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#orientation sumo#between sumo#part ; //to do: check transitivity
pm#relation_from_spatial_object (pm#spatial_object ,*)
> pm#relation_to_another_spatial_object /*pm#spatial_attribute */ pm#facility ;
pm#relation_to_another_spatial_object (pm#spatial_object ,pm#spatial_object)
> pm#location pm#spatial_part ;
pm#location (pm#spatial_object ,pm#spatial_object )
> pm#address pm#above pm#below pm#near pm#far_from pm#exterior pm#interior pm#before_location ;
pm#address (pm#spatial_object -> pm#spatial_object )
> {pm#main_address pm#secondary_address };
pm#above (pm#spatial_object -> pm#spatial_object )
> pm#on ,
- pm#below ;
pm#near (pm#spatial_object -> pm#spatial_object )
> pm#touching ,
- pm#far_from ;
pm#exterior__in (pm#spatial_object -> pm#spatial_object )
- pm#interior ;
pm#before_location__before (pm#spatial_object ,pm#spatial_object );
pm#spatial_part (pm#spatial_object ,pm#spatial_object )
> pm#physical_part ;
pm#physical_part (pm#physical_entity ,pm#physical_entity );
pm#facility (pm#spatial_object ,?);
sumo#front_fn (sumo#self_connected_object -> sumo#self_connected_object ) (^a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases^);
sumo#back_fn (sumo#self_connected_object -> sumo#self_connected_object ) (^a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g. apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases^);
sumo#traverses (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^the first object crosses or extends across the second; note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of traverses^)
> sumo#crosses sumo#penetrates ;
sumo#crosses (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it^)
! sumo#connected;
sumo#penetrates (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)^);
sumo#between (sumo#object ,sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^the second object is (directly) spatially located between the other two (the projections of which overlap with the second object)^)
& sumo#when_fn;
sumo#part__part_of (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^this type should have been name sumo#part_of to respect the common reading conventions of parameters; all other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one; it means that the 1st argument is part of the 2nd; note that, since part is a reflexive_relation, every object is a part of itself^)
> sumo#proper_part sumo#piece sumo#component sumo#member ,
! sumo#contains ;
sumo#proper_part__proper_part_of (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)^);
sumo#piece__piece_of (sumo#substance ,sumo#substance ) (^a specialized common sense notion of part for arbitrary parts of substances; quasi-synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, etc; compare component, another subrelation of part^);
sumo#component__component_of (sumo#corpuscular_object ,sumo#corpuscular_object ) (^a specialized common sense notion of part for heterogeneous parts of complexes; the 1st argument is a component of the 2nd argument; examples: the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a country, or the limbs and organs of an animal; compare with sumo#piece, another specialization of sumo#part^);
sumo#member (sumo#self_connected_object,sumo#collection) (^a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock^)
& sumo#instance sumo#element ;
pm#relation_from_collection (pm#collection ,*)
> pm#member kif#nthrest pm#size pm#minimal_size pm#maximal_size pm#percentage pm#average sumo#list_order_fn sumo#list_length_fn pm#relation_to_another_ontology pm#relation_to_another_collection pm#relation_from_type ;
pm#member (pm#collection ,*)
> pm#reverse_of_KIF_member pm#item rdf#li kif#first kif#last kif#butlast kif#nth ;
pm#reverse_of_KIF_member (kif#set ,?) (^this type only exists to make the connection to kif#member (which should have been named kif#member_of to respect the common reading conventions of parameters)^)
- kif#member ;
pm#item (kif#list ,?)
> rdf#item ,
- kif#item ;
rdf#item (rdf#list ,?) (^for item(L,I) read: I is an item in L; either first(L,I) or item(R,I) where rest(L,R)^);
rdf#li (pm#collection ,*);
kif#first (kif#list -> ?)
> rdf#first ;
rdf#first (rdf#list -> ?);
kif#last (kif#list -> ?);
kif#butlast (kif#list -> ?);
kif#nth (kif#list ,kif#positive -> ?);
kif#nthrest (kif#list ,kif#natural -> kif#list );
pm#size__number_of_elements (pm#collection -> kif#natural )
> kif#length ;
kif#length (kif#list -> kif#natural );
pm#minimal_size (pm#collection -> kif#natural );
pm#maximal_size (pm#collection -> kif#natural );
pm#percentage (pm#collection -> kif#number );
pm#average (pm#number_container -> kif#number ) (^to specify an average on the values^);
sumo#list_order_fn (sumo#list ,sumo#positive_integer -> ?) (^returns the item that is in the given position (2nd argument) in the list, e.g. (sumo#list_order_fn (sumo#list_fn Monday Tuesday Wednesday) 2) would return the value tuesday^);
sumo#list_length_fn (sumo#list -> sumo#nonnegative_integer) (^returns the number of items in the list, e.g. (sumo#list_length_fn (sumo#list_fn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the value 3^);
pm#relation_to_another_ontology (pm#ontology ,pm#ontology )
> owl#backward_compatible_with owl#incompatible_with owl#prior_version ;
pm#relation_to_another_collection (pm#collection ,pm#collection +)
> pm#sub_collection pm#sub_collection_of pm#overlapping_collection pm#not_overlapping_collection kif#rest kif#append sumo#list_concatenate_fn kif#revappend kif#reverse pm#relation_from_type_to_collection pm#relation_to_another_set_or_class ;
pm#sub_collection (pm#collection ,pm#collection ) (^a partial order relation^)
> {pm#ending_collection kif#sublist };
pm#ending_collection (pm#collection ,pm#collection )
> pm#final_segment ;
pm#final_segment (pm#collection ,pm#collection ) (^the second collection is a final segment of the 1st^);
pm#sub_collection_of (pm#collection ,pm#collection ) (^DO NOT use this type; it only exists because the SUMO does not respect common reading conventions of parameters^)
> sumo#sub_collection sumo#sub_list pm#final_segment_of ;
sumo#sub_collection__sub_collection_of (sumo#collection ,sumo#collection ) (^the 1st collection is a proper part of the 2nd^);
sumo#sub_list__sub_list_of (sumo#list ,sumo#list) (^the 1st argument is a sublist of the 2nd, i.e. every element of the 1st is an element of the 2nd and the elements that are common to both lists have the same order in both lists^)
> sumo#initial_list ;
sumo#initial_list (sumo#list ,sumo#list) (^the 1st argument (?L1) is a sublist of the 2nd (?L2), and (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (sumo#list_order_fn ?L2 ?N) for all of the values of ?N over which (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?N) is defined^);
pm#final_segment_of (pm#collection ,pm#collection ) (^USE pm#final_segment INSTEAD^)
> kif#sublist ,
- pm#final_segment ;
kif#sublist__final_segment_of (kif#list ,kif#list ) (^USE pm#final_segment INSTEAD OF THIS RELATION TYPE; "sublist" is a misleading name; "final_segment_of" is better^);
pm#overlapping_collection (pm#collection ,pm#collection );
pm#not_overlapping_collection (pm#collection ,pm#collection )
> pm#collection_complement ;
pm#collection_complement (pm#collection ,pm#collection );
kif#rest (kif#list -> kif#list )
> rdf#rest ;
rdf#rest (rdf#list -> rdf#list );
kif#append (kif#list ,kif#list -> kif#list );
sumo#list_concatenate_fn (sumo#list ,sumo#list -> sumo#list) (^returns the concatenation of two lists^); // currently =kif#append since kif#list=sumo#list
kif#revappend (kif#list ,kif#list -> kif#list );
kif#reverse (kif#list -> kif#list );
pm#relation_from_type_to_collection (pm#type ,pm#collection )
> pm#partition pm#instances pm#subtypes pm#relation_from_class_to_collection ;
pm#partition (pm#type ,pm#collection )
= dl#partition__PT ;
pm#instances (pm#type -> pm#collection );
pm#subtypes (pm#type -> pm#collection );
pm#relation_from_class_to_collection (rdfs#class ,pm#collection )
> owl#union_of owl#intersection_of owl#one_of owl#distinct_members pm#relation_to_another_class ;
owl#union_of (rdfs#class ,rdf#list ) (^for unionOf(X,L) read: X is the union of the classes in the list L; i.e. if something is in any of the classes in L, it is in X, and vice versa^)
> daml#disjoint_union_of ,
& sumo#exhaustive_decomposition ;
daml#disjoint_union_of (rdfs#class ,rdf#list ) (^for disjointUnionOf(X,L) read: X is the disjoint union of the classes in the list L: (a) for any c1 and c2 in L, disjointWith(c1,c2), and (b) i.e. if something is in any of the classes in L, it is in X, and vice versa^)
& sumo#partition ;
owl#intersection_of (rdfs#class ,rdf#list ) (^for intersectionOf(X,Y) read: X is the intersection of the classes in the list Y; i.e. if something is in all the classes in Y, then it's in X, and vice versa^);
owl#one_of (rdfs#class ,rdf#list ) (^for oneOf(C,L) read everything in C is one of the things in L^);
owl#distinct_members (owl#all_different ,rdf#list );
pm#relation_to_another_class (rdfs#class ,rdfs#class +)
> rdfs#sub_class_of owl#equivalent_class pm#exclusive_class daml#restricted_by sumo#disjoint_decomposition sumo#exhaustive_decomposition ;
rdfs#sub_class_of__super_class (rdfs#class ,rdfs#class ) (^in WebKB, use the link '<'^)
= daml#sub_class_of (daml);
owl#equivalent_class (rdfs#class ,rdfs#class ) (^in WebKB, use the link '='^)
= daml#same_class_as ;
daml#restricted_by (rdfs#class ,owl#restriction );
sumo#disjoint_decomposition (sumo#class ,sumo#class +) (^a disjoint_decomposition of a class C is a set of mutually disjoint subclasses of C^)
> sumo#partition (pm),
& sumo#exhaustiveDecomposition sumo#disjoint ;
sumo#partition (sumo#class ,sumo#class +) (^a partition of a class C is a set of mutually disjoint classes (a subclass partition) covering C; each instance of C is instance of exactly one of the subclasses in the partition^)
& daml#disjoint_union_of (pm);
sumo#exhaustive_decomposition (sumo#class ,sumo#class +) (^an exhaustive_decomposition of a class C is a set of subclasses of C such that every instance of C is an instance of one of the subclasses in the set; note: this does not necessarily mean that the elements of the set are disjoint (see sumo#partition - a partition is a disjoint exhaustive decomposition)^)
> sumo#partition (pm), //I (pm) replaced '&' by '>'
& owl#union_of (pm);
pm#relation_to_another_set_or_class (pm#set_or_class ,pm#set_or_class +) (^this category is needed to group SUMO relations between classes which cannot be subtype of pm#relation_from_type because their signatures curiously also involve sets^)
> pm#disjoint pm#subclass_of_or_equal sumo#power_set_fn pm#relation_to_another_class ;
pm#disjoint (pm#set_or_class ,pm#set_or_class ) (^like sumo#disjoint but from a a pm#set_or_class to another^)
> sumo#disjoint pm#exclusive_class ;
sumo#disjoint (sumo#set_or_class ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^classes are exclusive/disjoint only if they share no instance (and hence no subtype), i.e. just in case the result of applying sumo#intersection_fn to them is empty^)
& sumo#disjoint_relation ; //this related_to link is from SUMO
pm#exclusive_class (rdfs#class ,rdfs#class ) (^the 2 classes have no common subtype/instance; in WebKB, use the link '!'^)
> pm#complement_class ,
= owl#disjoint_with ;
pm#complement_class (rdfs#class -> rdfs#class ) (^if something is not in one of the classes, then it is in the other, and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '/'^)
= owl#complement_of ;
pm#subclass_of_or_equal (pm#set_or_class ,pm#set_or_class )
> sumo#subclass rdfs#sub_class_of ;
sumo#subclass__subclass_of (sumo#set_or_class ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every instance of the 1st argument is also an instance of the 2nd argument; a class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses^)
> sumo#immediate_subclass ;
sumo#immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (sumo#set_or_class ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'^);
sumo#power_set_fn (sumo#set_or_class -> sumo#set_or_class ) (^maps the argument to the set_or_class of all its subclasses^); //sumo#set_or_class has for instance sumo#set_or_class and its subclasses
pm#relation_from_type (pm#type ,*) (^type of relations from a concept/relation type, i.e. in RDFS terminology, from a class or a property^)
> pm#specializing_type pm#supertype pm#same_type_as pm#exclusive_type pm#relation_from_relation_type pm#relation_from_class pm#relation_from_type_to_collection sumo#material ;
pm#specializing_type (pm#type ,?)
> pm#instance pm#subtype ,
- pm#generalizing_type ;
pm#instance (pm#type ,?) (^the ':' link in the FT notation^);
// - pm#kind ;
pm#subtype__subtype_or_equal (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^subtype links should actually be strict subtype links or not much checking can be done^)
> pm#strict_subtype dl#subsumes_leaf ,
- pm#supertype ,
= dl#subsumes__SB ;
pm#strict_subtype (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^the '>' link in the FT notation^)
> dl#properly_subsumes_leaf ,
= dl#properly_subsumes__PSB ;
dl#properly_subsumes_leaf__PSBL (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^the 2nd type is a leaf type properly subsumed by the 1st type^);
dl#subsumes_leaf__SBL (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^the 2nd type is a leaf type subsumed by the 1st type^)
> dl#properly_subsumes_leaf ;
pm#supertype (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^in the FT notation, the '<' link is only used to connect to a "strict" supertype^)
> rdfs#sub_class_of sumo#subrelation ,
- pm#subtype ;
sumo#subrelation (pm#relation_type ,pm#relation_type ) (^if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every tuple of the 1st argument (r1) is also a tuple of the 2nd argument (r2), i.e. if r1 holds for some arguments arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n, then the r2 holds for the same arguments; a consequence of this is that a relation and its subrelations must have the same valence^)
> rdfs#sub_property_of ,
= cyc#genl_preds ;
rdfs#sub_property_of (pm#binary_relation_type ,pm#binary_relation_type ) (^in WebKB, use the link '<'^)
= daml#sub_property_of (daml);
pm#same_type_as (pm#type ,pm#type )
> {owl#equivalent_class owl#equivalent_property },
= dl#equal__EQ ;
owl#equivalent_property (pm#binary_relation_type ,pm#binary_relation_type ) (^in WebKB, use the link '='^)
= daml#same_property_as ;
pm#exclusive_type (pm#type ,pm#type ) (^in WebKB, use the '!' link^)
> pm#exclusive_class pm#closed_exclusion ,
= dl#disjoint__DJ ;
pm#closed_exclusion (pm#type -> pm#type ) (^the '/' link in the FT notation: the two linked types either are respectively identical to pm#thing and pm#nothing (they are "complement types") or they subtype a same type and form a complete subtype partition^)
> pm#complement_type ;
pm#complement_type (pm#type -> pm#type ) (^a supertype of owl#complement_of which can only connect RDFS/OWL classes^)
> pm#complement_class ;
pm#relation_from_relation_type (pm#relation_type ,*)
> pm#relation_from_binary_relation_type sumo#domain sumo#domain_subclass sumo#range sumo#range_subclass sumo#valence sumo#disjoint_relation sumo#holds sumo#assignment_fn sumo#distributes ;
pm#relation_from_binary_relation_type (pm#binary_relation_type ,*)
> pm#relation_to_another_binary_relation_type rdfs#domain rdfs#range ;
pm#relation_to_another_binary_relation_type (pm#binary_relation_type ,pm#binary_relation_type )
> owl#equivalent_property rdfs#sub_property_of pm#inverse ;
pm#inverse__reverse (pm#binary_relation_type -> pm#binary_relation_type ) (^for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'^)
= sumo#inverse owl#inverse_of ;
rdfs#domain (pm#binary_relation_type ,rdfs#class )
= daml#domain (daml);
rdfs#range (pm#binary_relation_type ,rdfs#class )
= daml#range (daml);
sumo#domain (pm#relation_type ,sumo#positive_integer ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^the formula (sumo#domain ?REL ?INT ?CLASS) means that the ?INT'th element of each tuple in the relation ?REL must be an instance of ?CLASS^);
sumo#domain_subclass (pm#relation_type ,sumo#positive_integer ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^the formula (sumo#domainSubclass ?REL ?INT ?CLASS) means that the ?INT'th element of each tuple in the relation ?REL must be a subclass of ?CLASS^);
sumo#range (pm#function_type ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class^);
sumo#range_subclass (pm#function_type ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment^);
sumo#valence (pm#relation_type ,sumo#positive_integer ) (^specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g. sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation^);
sumo#disjoint_relation (pm#relation_type +) (^(sumo#disjointRelation @ROW) means that any two relations in @ROW have no tuples in common; as a consequence, the intersection of all of the relations in @ROW is the null set^);
sumo#holds (pm#relation_type ,*) (^(holds P N1 ... NK) is true when the tuple of objects denoted by N1,..., NK is an element of the relation P^);
sumo#assignment_fn (pm#function_type ,*) (^if F is a function with a value for the objects denoted by N1,..., NK, then (sumo#assignmentFn F N1 ... NK) is the value of applying F to the objects denoted by N1,..., NK; otherwise, the value is undefined^);
sumo#distributes (pm#binary_function_type ,pm#binary_function_type ) (^a binary_function ?F1 is distributive over another binary_function ?F2 just in case (?F1 ?INST1 (?F2 ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?F2 (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST2) (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST3)), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3^);
pm#relation_from_class (rdfs#class ,*)
> pm#relation_from_class_to_collection sumo#abstraction_fn pm#relation_from_sumo_process_class pm#relation_from_attribute_type pm#relation_from_restriction pm#wnObject pm#wnNounType ;
sumo#abstraction_fn (sumo#class -> sumo#Attribute ) (^a unary_function that maps a class into an attribute that specifies the condition(s) for membership in the class^);
pm#relation_from_sumo_process_class (pm#sumo_process_class ,*)
> sumo#causes_subclass sumo#capability sumo#has_skill ;
sumo#causes_subclass (pm#sumo_process_class ,pm#sumo_process_class ) (^the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g. (causes_subclass killing death)^);
sumo#capability (pm#sumo_process_class ,pm#case_relation_type ,sumo#object ) (^the object has the ability to play the role (case relation) in the given kinds of processes^);
sumo#has_skill (pm#sumo_process_class ,dl#agentive_physical_object ) (^similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree^);
pm#relation_from_attribute_type (pm#attribute_class ,*)
> sumo#contrary_attribute sumo#exhaustive_attribute ;
sumo#contrary_attribute (pm#attribute_class ,pm#attribute_class +) (^set of attributes such that something can not simultaneously have more than one of these attributes, e.g. (sumo#contrary_aAttribute sumo#pliable sumo#rigid) means that nothing can be both pliable and rigid^);
sumo#exhaustive_attribute (pm#attribute_class ,pm#attribute_class +) (^this predicate relates a class to several types of attributes, and it means that the elements of this set exhaust the instances of the class; for example, (sumo#exhaustiveAttribute sumo#physicalState sumo#solid sumo#fluid sumo#liquid sumo#gas) means that there are only three instances of the class sumo#physicalState, viz. sumo#solid, sumo#fluid, sumo#liquid, and sumo#gas^);
pm#relation_from_restriction (owl#restriction ,*)
> owl#on_property owl#all_values_from owl#has_value owl#some_values_from daml#has_class_q owl#cardinality daml#cardinality_q owl#min_cardinality daml#min_cardinality_q owl#max_cardinality daml#max_cardinality_q ;
owl#on_property (owl#restriction ,pm#binary_relation_type ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel), read: ?restrClass is a restricted with respect to property ?rel^);
owl#all_values_from (owl#restriction ,rdfs#class ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and toClass(?restrClass,C), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if for all j, ?rel(i,j) implies type(j,C)^)
= daml#to_class ;
owl#has_value (owl#restriction ,?) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and hasValue(?restrClass,V), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if ?rel(i,V), i.e. if and only if any ?rel from ?i has for destination an instance of C; toValue is an obsolete name^)
= owl#to_value ;
owl#some_values_from (owl#restriction ,rdfs#class ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and some_values_from(?restrClass,C), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if for some j, ?rel(i,j) and type(j,C), i.e. if and only if i has at least one ?rel which has for destination an instance of C^)
= daml#has_class ;
daml#has_class_q (owl#restriction ,rdfs#class ) (^property for specifying class restriction with cardinalityQ constraints^);
owl#cardinality (owl#restriction -> kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and cardinality(?restrClass,n), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are exactly n distinct j with ?rel(i,j)^);
daml#cardinality_q (owl#restriction -> kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel), cardinalityQ(?restrClass,n) and hasClassQ(?restrClass,C), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are exactly n distinct j with ?rel(i,j) and type(j,C)^);
owl#min_cardinality (owl#restriction -> kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and minCardinality(?restrClass,n), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are at least n distinct j with ?rel(i,j)^);
daml#min_cardinality_q (owl#restriction -> kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel), minCardinalityQ(?restrClass,n) and hasClassQ(?restrClass,C), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are at least n distinct j with ?rel(i,j)^);
owl#max_cardinality (owl#restriction -> kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel) and maxCardinality(?restrClass,n), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are at most n distinct j with ?rel(i,j)^);
daml#max_cardinality_q (owl#restriction ,kif#natural ) (^for onProperty(?restrClass,?rel), maxCardinalityQ(?restrClass,n) and hasClassQ(?restrClass,C), read: i instance of ?restrClass if and only if there are at most n distinct j with ?rel(i,j) and type(j,C)^);
pm#wnObject (rdfs#class ,?);
pm#wnNounType (rdfs#class ,?);
sumo#material__material_type_of (pm#substance_class ,sumo#corpuscular_object ) (^all other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one; it means that the 2nd argument is structurally made up in part of the 1st argument; this relation encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'; for example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor; since part is a reflexive_relation, every object is a part of itself^);
pm#relation_from_description_content/medium/container (pm#description_content/medium/container ,*)
> pm#relation_from_description pm#relation_from_string pm#version dc#Coverage dc#Contributor dc#Source dc#Publisher dc#Rights pm#authoring_time pm#author dc#Language dc#Format pm#description_instrument pm#description_object pm#physical_support pm#rhetorical_relation pm#argumentation_relation ;
pm#relation_from_description (pm#description ,*)
> pm#descr_container pm#logical_relation pm#contextualizing_relation pm#probability_relation ;
pm#logical_relation (pm#description ,pm#description )
> pm#and pm#contextualizing_logical_relation ;
pm#and (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#contextualizing_logical_relation (pm#description ,pm#description )
> pm#or pm#xor pm#implication ;
pm#or (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#xor__either (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#implication__then__therefore (pm#description ,pm#description )
> pm#equivalence sumo#entails ;
pm#equivalence__equivalentTo__iff (pm#description ,pm#description );
sumo#entails (sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ) (^the second argument is logically entailed from the first by means of the proof theory of SUO-KIF^);
pm#contextualizing_relation (pm#description ,*)
> pm#contextualizing_logical_relation pm#modality pm#believer pm#corrective_specialization pm#corrective_generalization pm#correction pm#overriding_specialization ;
pm#modality (pm#description ,pm#modality_measure );
pm#believer (pm#description ,pm#causal_entity );
pm#corrective_specialization (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#corrective_generalization (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#correction (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#overriding_specialization (pm#description ,pm#description );
pm#probability_relation (sumo#formula,?)
> sumo#probability_fn sumo#conditional_probability sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#independent_probability ;
sumo#probability_fn (sumo#formula -> sumo#real_number ) (^one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula^);
sumo#conditional_probability (sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ,sumo#real_number ) (^the probability of 'the 2nd formula being true given that the 1st formula is true' is the number given as 3rd parameter^);
sumo#increases_likelihood__increases_likelihood_of (sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ) (^the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true^);
sumo#decreases_likelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ) (^the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true^);
sumo#independent_probability (sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ) (^the probabilities of the formulas being true are independent^);
pm#relation_from_string (pm#string ,*)
> sumo#names sumo#related_external_concept ;
sumo#names (pm#string,?) (^the string names the 2nd argument^)
> sumo#unique_identifier ;
sumo#unique_identifier (pm#string,?) (^the string uniquely identifies the 2nd argument^);
sumo#related_external_concept (pm#string ,?,sumo#language ) (^used to signify a three-place relation between a concept in an external knowledge source, a concept in the SUMO, and the name of the other knowledge source^)
> {sumo#synonymous_external_concept sumo#subsumed_external_concept sumo#subsuming_external_concept };
sumo#synonymous_external_concept (pm#string ,?,sumo#language ) (^the 2nd argument has the same meaning as the 1st in the language denoted by the 3rd argument^);
sumo#subsumed_external_concept (pm#string ,?,sumo#language ) (^the 2nd argument is subsumed by the 1st in the language denoted by the 3rd argument^);
sumo#subsuming_external_concept (pm#string ,?,sumo#language ) (^the 2nd argument subsumes the 1st in the language denoted by the 3rd argument^);
pm#version (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> pm#ascii_content ;
pm#ascii_content (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#string )
> pm#exact_ascii_content pm#ascii_content_except_for_spaces ;
dc#Coverage__coverage (pm#description_content/medium/container ,?) (^to specify 1 or several topics^);
dc#Contributor__contributor (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#entity ) (^to specify an entity responsible for making contributions to the content of a resource^);
dc#Source__source (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#entity ) (^to specify a resource from which a resource is derived^);
dc#Publisher__publisher (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#entity ) (^to specify an entity responsible for making a resource available^);
dc#Rights__rights (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#entity ) (^to specify rights held in and over a resource^);
pm#authoring_time (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#time_measure )
> pm#authoring_date ;
pm#authoring_date (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#time_measure );
pm#author (pm#description ,pm#causal_entity )
> pm#main_author pm#co-author ,
= tap#has_author ;
dc#Language (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#entity ) (^to specify a language for the content of a resource^)
> pm#language ;
pm#language (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#description_medium );
dc#Format (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#entity ) (^to specify the physical or digital manifestation of a resource; in WebKB, this relation type SHOULD NOT BE USED; see pm#format, pm#description_instrument and pm#descr instead^)
> pm#format ;
pm#format (pm#description_content/medium/container -> pm#description_content/medium/container );
pm#description_instrument__descr_instrument (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_medium )
> pm#language ;
pm#description_object__descr_object (pm#description_content/medium/container ,?) (^just for documentation: its reverse, pm#descr, should be used instead^);
pm#physical_support__description_physical_support__descr_physical_support__descr_support (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#physical_entity );
pm#rhetorical_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^main sources: the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) and the PENMAN ontology; DO NOT USE such fuzzy relations: instead, use relations from/to situations!^)
> rst#presentational_rhetorical_relation rst#subject_matter_rhetorical_relation rst#symmetric_rhetorical_relation pm#opposition pm#negative_consequence ;
rst#presentational_rhetorical_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^connect to details which should increasing the reader's positive regard or enabling the reader to perform the described action^)
> {rst#enablement rst#background rst#motivation rst#evidence rst#justify rst#antithesis rst#concession };
rst#subject_matter_rhetorical_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^connect to details for making a better description^)
> {rst#circumstance rst#solution rst#elaboration rst#cause rst#effect rst#definition rst#comparison rst#means rst#condition rst#otherwise rst#interpretation rst#restatement rst#summary rst#theme rst#contrast };
rst#elaboration (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^e.g. rst#subtype rst#property, rst#part^)
> {rst#subtype rst#instance rst#illustration rst#attributive_relation rst#part rst#subtask rst#specialization };
rst#attributive_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> {rst#property rst#attribute rst#possession };
rst#cause (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^not a subtype of pm#cause since pm#cause connects situations^)
> {rst#volitional_cause rst#non-volitional_cause rst#purpose };
rst#volitional_cause (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^cause of the described intended situation^);
rst#non-volitional_cause (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^cause of the described not intended situation^);
rst#purpose (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^situation that the described action is intended to reach^);
rst#effect (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^not a subtype of pm#consequence since pm#consequence connects situatons^)
> {rst#volitional_result rst#non-volitional_result };
rst#definition (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^a logical relation should be used instead of this relation^);
rst#comparison (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^use one of the subtypes of pm#similar instead of this relation^);
rst#interpretation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^interpretation/abstraction/comment on the described facts^)
> rst#evaluation;
rst#evaluation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^positive interpretation/abstraction/comment on facts^);
rst#contrast (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^comparability and differences of two situations^)
> rst#antithesis;
rst#symmetric_rhetorical_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^e.g. rst#restatement^)
> {rst#restatement rst#contrast };
pm#argumentation_relation (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> pm#answer pm#contribution pm#replacement pm#confirmation pm#reference pm#argument pm#contradiction ;
pm#argument (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> pm#weak_argument pm#strong_argument pm#example pm#argument_by_authority pm#argument_by_popularity ;
pm#strong_argument (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> pm#proof ;
pm#contradiction (pm#description_content/medium/container ,pm#description_content/medium/container )
> pm#objection ;
pm#relation_from_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure ,*)
> sumo#extension_fn pm#relation_to_another_attribute_or_quality_or_measure ;
sumo#extension_fn (sumo#Attribute -> sumo#class ) (^a unary_function that maps an attribute into the class whose condition for membership is the attribute^);
pm#relation_to_another_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure ,pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure )
> pm#measure dl#q_location ;
pm#measure (pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure ,pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure ) (^e.g. [a weight, measure: 75 kg]^);
dl#q_location (dl#quality ,dl#region )
- dl#q_location_of ,
> dl#has_quale ;
dl#has_quale__ql (dl#quality ,dl#quale )
- dl#quale_of ,
& dolce#ql ;
//ex: dl#ql__quale (dl#quality ,dl#region ) (^the DOLCE predicate ql(x,y,t) means "x is a quale of y" but this relation respects the usual reading conventions: the 1st argument has for quale the 2nd argument^);
pm#relation_to_situation (*,pm#situation ) (^in WebKB, prefer using relations "from" a situation^)
> {pm#relation_from_time_to_situation pm#relation_from_situation_to_situation };
pm#relation_from_time_to_situation (pm#time_measure ,pm#situation );
pm#spatial_relation_to_entity_with_spatial_feature (*,sumo#object )
> pm#relation_to_spatial_object sumo#partly_located ;
pm#relation_to_spatial_object (*,pm#spatial_object ) (^in WebKB, prefer using relations "from" a spatial object^)
> pm#relation_to_another_spatial_object sumo#where_fn ;
sumo#where_fn (sumo#physical ,sumo#time_point -> sumo#region ) (^maps an object and a time_point at which the object exists to the region where the object existed at that time_point^)
& sumo#when_fn ;
sumo#partly_located__partly_located_at (sumo#physical ,sumo#object ) (^the instance of the 1st argument is at least partially located at the 2nd argument, e.g. Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe^)
> sumo#contains sumo#located ;
sumo#contains (sumo#self_connected_object ,sumo#object ) (^the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g. an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2^)
! sumo#part ;
sumo#located (sumo#physical ,sumo#object ) (^the 1st argument is partly_located at the object, and there is no part or sub_process of the 1st argument that is not located at the object^)
> sumo#exactly_located ;
sumo#exactly_located (sumo#physical ,sumo#object ) (^the actual, minimal location of an object^);
pm#relation_to_time (*,pm#time_measure )
> pm#relation_from_situation_to_time pm#relation_from_time_to_time pm#relation_from_physical_entity_to_time ;
pm#relation_from_time_to_time (pm#time_measure ,pm#time_measure )
> pm#near_time pm#before pm#after ;
pm#before (pm#time_measure ,pm#time_measure )
- pm#after ;
pm#relation_from_physical_entity_to_time (pm#physical_entity -> pm#time_measure )
> pm#check-in pm#check-out ;
pm#relation_to_collection (*,pm#collection )
> pm#member_of kif#list_of kif#set_of pm#parts kif#item sumo#in_list sumo#list_fn pm#function_returning_a_collection_from_2_elements pm#relation_to_another_collection pm#relation_to_set_or_class pm#relation_to_type pm#relation_to_string ;
pm#member_of (*,pm#collection ) (^this type SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB (its inverse may be used); this type is only provided for knowledge sharing purposes^)
> kif#member ;
kif#member (?,kif#set ) (^this type SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB: if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, the parameters would be swapped or the type would be named member_of^);
kif#list_of (* -> pm#collection )
= kif#listof ;
kif#set_of (* -> pm#collection )
= kif#setof ;
pm#parts (*,pm#collection );
kif#item (?,kif#list ) (^USE pm#item INSTEAD OF THIS RELATION TYPE: if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, the parameters would be swapped or the type would be named item_of^)
- pm#item (pm);
sumo#in_list (?,sumo#list) (^true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists^); // = kif#item ?
sumo#list_fn (* -> sumo#list) (^a function that takes any number of arguments and returns the list containing those arguments in exactly the same order^);
pm#function_returning_a_collection_from_2_elements (?,? -> pm#collection )
> kif#cons kif#adjoin kif#remove ;
kif#cons (?,kif#list -> kif#list );
kif#adjoin (?,kif#list -> kif#list );
kif#remove (?,kif#list -> kif#list );
pm#relation_to_set_or_class (*,pm#set_or_class )
> sumo#closed_on sumo#reflexive_on sumo#irreflexive_on sumo#partial_ordering_on sumo#total_ordering_on sumo#trichotomizing_on sumo#equivalence_relation_on pm#relation_to_class pm#relation_to_another_set_or_class ;
sumo#closed_on (pm#function_type ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class^);
sumo#reflexive_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class ) (^a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself^);
sumo#irreflexive_on (pm#binary_relation_type ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself^);
sumo#partial_ordering_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) (^a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation^);
sumo#total_ordering_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) (^a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class^);
sumo#trichotomizing_on (pm#binary_relation_type ,sumo#set_or_class );
sumo#equivalence_relation_on (pm#binary_relation_type ,sumo#set_or_class ) (^a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation^);
pm#relation_to_class (*,rdfs#class )
> pm#kind sumo#extension_fn ; //+ pm#menu ?
pm#kind__type__class__instance_of (?,rdfs#class ) (^the '^' link in the FT notation^)
- pm#instance, //pm#type? (pb in CGs)
= rdf#type daml#type ;
pm#relation_to_type (*,pm#type )
> pm#relation_to_class ;
pm#relation_to_string (*,pm#string)
> dl#extrinsic_relation ;
dl#extrinsic_relation (?,rdfs#literal) (^support for relations ranging on concrete data types^)
> dl#name dl#identifier ;
dl#name (dl#entity,rdfs#literal) (^a relation between an instance of a concept and the name (instance of a concrete data type) of that concept; the name has to be a lexically meaningful name^)
- dl#name_of ;
dl#identifier (dl#entity -> rdfs#literal) (^a relation between an individual of a concept and the identifier of that concept; the identifier is a concrete data type, usually non_meaningful from the lexical viewpoint; useful to map many database relationships^)
- dl#identifier_of ;
pm#relation_to_attribute_or_quality_or_measure (*,pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure )
> pm#attribute pm#relation_to_another_attribute_or_quality_or_measure ;
pm#attribute (?,pm#attribute_or_quality_or_measure ) (^e.g. [a car, attribute: a weight]^)
> sumo#property dl#qt ; //pm#spatial_attribute pm#physical_attribute pm#process_attribute pm#social_attribute
sumo#property (?,sumo#Attribute )
> {sumo#attribute sumo#manner };
sumo#attribute (sumo#object ,sumo#Attribute ) (^$(same normalization as sumo#Attribute)$ the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st^);
sumo#manner (sumo#process ,sumo#Attribute ) (^the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g. the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition^);
dl#qt__quality (dl#quality_or_endurant_or_perdurant ,dl#quality ) (^the DOLCE predicate qt(x,y,t) means "x is a quality of y" but this relation respects the usual reading conventions: the 1st argument has for quality the 2nd argument^)
> dl#direct_quality ;
dl#direct_quality__dqt (dl#quality_or_endurant_or_perdurant ,dl#quality ) (^the DOLCE predicate dqt(x,y,t) means "x is a direct quality of y" (not a quality of a quality of x) but this relation respects the usual reading conventions: the 1st argument has for direct quality the 2nd argument^);
/* pm#spatial_attribute (pm#spatial_object ,pm#spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure );
pm#physical_attribute (pm#physical_entity ,pm#physical_attribute_or_quality_or_measure ) (^it is better to use WordNet types as relations (when allowed) than subtype such a type^);
pm#social_attribute (pm#causal_entity ,pm#social_attribute_or_quality_or_measure );
*/
pm#attributive_relation (*) (^like pm#binary_relation, this type mostly exists to categorize what cannot be categorized elsewhere^)
> {pm#purpose pm#owner pm#owner_of sumo#leader pm#seller pm#customer pm#generator pm#creator pm#origin sumo#exploits sumo#has_purpose sumo#has_purpose_for_agent pm#measure pm#attribute pm#name dc#Date rdf#value pm#rdf_reification_relation };
pm#purpose (? -> ?);
> pm#goal rst#purpose ;
pm#owner (? -> pm#causal_entity );
pm#owner_of (pm#causal_entity , ?)
> sumo#possesses sumo#property_fn ,
- pm#owner ;
sumo#possesses (dl#agentive_physical_object ,sumo#object ) (^the agent has ownership of the object^);
sumo#property_fn (dl#agentive_physical_object -> sumo#set) (^maps an agent to the set of objects owned by the agent^);
sumo#leader__leader_of (sumo#human,dl#agentive_physical_object) (^(sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON^);
//pm#seller__vendor__vender (? -> pm#goal_directed_agent );
//pm#customer__client__buyer__purchaser__vendee (?,pm#goal_directed_agent );
pm#generator (? -> pm#causal_entity )
> pm#parent ;
pm#creator (pm#entity ,pm#entity )
> dc#Creator ;
dc#Creator__creator (pm#entity ,pm#entity ) (^to specify an entity primarily responsible for making the content of a resource^)
> pm#author (pm);
pm#origin (?,?)
> pm#cuisine_origin ; //pm#cuisine_origin (pm#meal_shop ,?);
sumo#exploits (sumo#object ,dl#agentive_physical_object ) (^the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process^);
sumo#has_purpose (sumo#physical ,sumo#formula ) (^the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on^);
sumo#has_purpose_for_agent (sumo#physical ,sumo#formula ,sumo#cognitive_agent ) (^the purpose of the physical thing for the agent is the proposition expressed by the formula; very complex issues are involved here; in particular, the rules of inference of the first order predicate calculus are not truth-preserving for the formula^);
pm#name (?,?)
> dc#Title dc#Identifier rdfs#label tap#plural tap#singular ;
dc#Title__title (? -> pm#entity ) (^to specify a name of a resource^)
= tap#title (tap);
dc#Identifier__identifier (? -> pm#string ) (^to specify a reference that is unambiguous within a given context; SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB^)
> dl#identifier ;
rdfs#label (?,pm#string ) (^in WebKB, with FO, use the link '_'^)
> dl#name ,
= daml#label (daml);
tap#plural (?,pm#string ) (^to specify plural names; do not use in WebKB^);
tap#singular (?,pm#string ) (^to specify singular names; do not use in WebKB^);
dc#Date__date (? -> pm#entity ) (^to specify a date associated with an event in the life cycle of a resource; in WebKB, pm#time or other MORE PRECISE RELATIONS SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD^)
> pm#date pm#authoring_time pm#publish_date ;
rdf#value (?,? ) (^principal value (usually a string) of a property when the property value is a structured resource (e.g. "2 kg" or " 020 in Dewey Decimal Code")^)
= daml#value (daml);
pm#rdf_reification_relation (?,?)
> rdf#predicate rdf#subject rdf#object ;
rdf#predicate (rdf#statement -> pm#binary_relation_type ) (^the property used in a statement when representing the statement in reified form^);
rdf#subject (rdf#statement -> ?) (^resource that a statement is describing when representing the statement in reified form^);
rdf#object (? -> ?) (^object of a statement when representing the statement in reified form^);
pm#mereological_relation (?,*)
> pm#part pm#part_of pm#overlap_with pm#parts ;
pm#part (?,?)
> {pm#sub_situation pm#spatial_part } pm#sub_collection pm#main_part pm#first_part pm#last_part pm#part_in_Dolce_Lite ;
pm#sub_situation (pm#situation ,pm#situation )
> pm#sub_process dl#temporal_part dl#spatial_part ;
dl#temporal_part__P.T (dl#perdurant ,dl#perdurant );
dl#spatial_part__P.S (dl#perdurant ,dl#perdurant );
pm#first_part (?,?)
> kif#first ;
pm#last_part (?,?)
> kif#last ;
/* dl#non-physical_endurant_part (dl#non-physical_endurant ,dl#non-physical_endurant );
dl#abstract_part (dl#abstract ,dl#abstract )
> dl#physical_region_part ;
dl#physical_region_part (dl#physical_region ,dl#physical_region );
*/
pm#part_in_Dolce_Lite (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
> dl#part dl#proper_part dl#temporary_proper_part dl#temporary_part dl#constant_part dl#sibling_part ;
dl#part (dl#entity ,dl#entity ) (^$(transitive)$ the subpart may or may not be different from the whole^)
- dl#part_of ,
> dl#component dl#atomic_part ;
dl#component (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#component_of ;
dl#atomic_part (dl#entity ,dl#atom ) (^an undivisible part^)
- dl#atomic_part_of ,
> dl#temporary_atomic_part ;
dl#temporary_atomic_part__AtP (dl#entity ,dl#atom )
- dl#temporary_atomic_part_of ;
dl#proper_part (dl#entity ,dl#entity ) (^$(transitive)$ the subpart is different from the whole^)
- dl#proper_part_of ;
dl#temporary_proper_part (dl#endurant ,dl#endurant )
- dl#temporary_proper_part_of ,
& dolce#temporary_proper_part ;
dl#temporary_part (dl#endurant ,dl#endurant )
- dl#temporary_part_of ,
> dl#temporary_component ;
dl#temporary_component (dl#endurant ,dl#endurant )
- dl#temporary_component_of ;
dl#sibling_part (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#sibling_part;
pm#part_of (?,?) (^this type SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB (its inverse may be used); this type is only provided for knowledge sharing purposes^)
> sumo#part pm#part_in_Dolce_Full ,
- pm#part ;
pm#part_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular +)
> dolce#part dolce#atomic_part dolce#temporary_atomic_part dolce#proper_part dolce#temporary_proper_part dolce#temporary_part ;
dolce#part__P (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular )
& dl#part_of ;
dolce#atomic_part__AtP (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular )
& dl#atomic_part_of ;
dolce#temporary_atomic_part__AtP (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular )
& dl#temporary_atomic_part_of ;
dolce#proper_part__PP (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ) (^a subpart (different from the whole)^)
& dl#proper_part_of ;
dolce#temporary_proper_part__PP (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular )
& dl#temporary_proper_part_of ;
dolce#temporary_part__P (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular )
& dl#temporary_part_of ;
pm#overlap_with (?,?)
> dl#overlap ;
dl#overlap__O (dl#abstract_or_perdurant ,dl#abstract_or_perdurant );
pm#intentional_relation (sumo#cognitive_agent ,?) (^relations between an agent and one or more entities, where the relation requires that the agent has awareness of the entity^)
> sumo#prefers sumo#in_scope_of_interest pm#propositional_attitude_relation pm#object_attitude_relation ;
sumo#prefers (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#formula ,sumo#formula ) (^the cognitive_agent prefers the state of affairs expressed by the 1st formula over the state of affairs expressed by the 2nd formula, all things being equal^);
sumo#in_scope_of_interest (sumo#cognitive_agent ,?) (^the 2nd argument is within the scope of interest of the agent; the interest indicated can be either positive or negative^);
pm#propositional_attitude_relation (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#formula ) (^intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition^)
> sumo#desires sumo#considers sumo#believes sumo#knows ;
sumo#desires (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#formula ) (^the agent wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by the formula (whcih may be already true); desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a propositional_attitude, while wants is an object_attitude^);
sumo#considers (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) (^the agent considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by the formula^);
sumo#believes (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) (^the agent believes the proposition expressed by the formula^);
sumo#knows (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) (^the agent knows the proposition expressed by the formula; knows entails conscious awareness, so this predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge^);
pm#object_attitude_relation (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#physical ) (^intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of an instance of sumo#physical^)
> sumo#needs sumo#wants ;
sumo#needs (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#physical ) (^the 2nd argument is physically required for the continued existence of the cognitive agent^);
sumo#wants (sumo#cognitive_agent ,sumo#physical ) (^the agent believes that the 2nd argument will satisfy one of its goals; what is wanted may or may not be already possessed by the agent^);
pm#temporal_relation (?,?)
> sumo#time sumo#temporal_part sumo#begin_fn sumo#end_fn sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#before_or_equal sumo#temporally_between sumo#temporally_between_or_equal sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#meets_temporally sumo#earlier sumo#cooccur sumo#time_interval_fn sumo#recurrent_time_interval_fn sumo#when_fn sumo#past_fn sumo#immediate_past_fn sumo#future_fn sumo#immediate_future_fn sumo#year_fn sumo#month_fn sumo#day_fn sumo#hour_fn sumo#minute_fn sumo#second_fn sumo#temporal_composition_fn sumo#relative_time_fn
sumo#holds_during ; //not ^ pm#temporal_relation_type(=sumo#temporal_relation)
//to do: check transitivity
sumo#time (sumo#physical ,sumo#time_position ) (^means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively^)
& sumo#located sumo#holds_during ;
sumo#holds_during (sumo#time_position,sumo#formula) (^means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position^)
& sumo#time;
sumo#when_fn (sumo#physical -> sumo#time_interval) (^maps an object or process ?p to the exact time_interval during which it exists (for every time_point ?t outside of the time_interval, (time ?p ?t) does not hold^);
dl#conceptual_relation (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#conceptual_relation ,
> dl#immediate_relation dl#mediated_relation ;
dl#immediate_relation (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
> dl#inherent_in dl#q_location dl#constituted_by dl#part dl#participant ;
dl#inherent_in (dl#quality ,dl#entity )
- dl#has_quality ;
dl#constituted_by__substance__K (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#constitutes ,
> dl#has_member ,
& dolce#constitution ; //pm: to check
/* dl#constitution___substance__K (dl#endurant_or_perdurant ,dl#endurant_or_perdurant ) (^the DOLCE predicate K(x,y,t) means "x constitutes y during t" but this relation respects the usual reading conventions: the 1st argument has for constitution the 2nd^)
> {(dl#perdurant_constitution dl#physical_constitution dl#non-physical_endurant_constitution )} dl#direct_constitution dl#constant_specific_constitution ;
dl#perdurant_constitution (dl#perdurant ,dl#perdurant );
dl#physical_constitution (dl#physical_endurant ,dl#physical_endurant );
dl#non-physical_endurant_constitution (dl#non-physical_endurant ,dl#non-physical_endurant );
dl#direct_constitution__DK (dl#endurant_or_perdurant ,dl#endurant_or_perdurant );
dl#constant_specific_constitution__SK (dl#endurant_or_perdurant ,dl#endurant_or_perdurant );
*/
dl#has_member (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#member_of ;
dl#mediated_relation (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
> dl#present_at dl#q_present_at dl#happens_at dl#overlaps dl#sibling_part dl#proper_part dl#generic_location dl#depends_on dl#host ,
- dl#mediated_relation;
dl#present_at (dl#endurant ,dl#time_interval )
- dl#time_of_presence_of ;
dl#q_present_at (dl#physical_quality ,dl#time_interval )
- dl#time_of_q_presence_of ;
dl#happens_at (dl#perdurant ,dl#time_interval )
- dl#time_of_happening_of ;
dl#overlaps (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#overlaps;
dl#generic_location (dl#entity ,dl#entity )
- dl#generic_location_of ,
> dl#exact_location ;
dl#exact_location (dl#entity ,dl#region)
- dl#exact_location_of ,
> dl#location dl#e_temporal_location dl#p_spatial_location dl#abstract_location dl#depends_on_spatial_location ;
dl#location (dl#entity ,dl#region)
- dl#location_of,
> dl#physical_location dl#temporal_location ;
dl#physical_location (dl#physical_endurant ,dl#physical_region )
> dl#spatial_location ;
dl#spatial_location (dl#physical_endurant ,dl#space_region )
- dl#spatial_location_of ;
dl#temporal_location (dl#perdurant ,dl#temporal_region )
> dl#duration ,
- dl#temporal_location_of ;
dl#duration (dl#perdurant ,dl#temporal_region )
- dl#duration_of ;
dl#e_temporal_location (dl#endurant ,dl#temporal_region )
- dl#e_temporal_location ;
dl#p_spatial_location (dl#perdurant ,dl#space_region )
- dl#p_spatial_location_of ;
dl#abstract_location (dl#non-physical_endurant ,dl#abstract_region )
- dl#abstract_location_of ;
dl#depends_on_spatial_location (dl#non-physical_endurant ,dl#space_region )
- dl#depend_on_spatial_location_of ;
dl#depends_on (dl#endurant ,dl#quality_or_endurant_or_perdurant )
- dl#depend_on_of ,
> dl#physically_depends_on dl#descriptively_depends_on ;
dl#physically_depends_on (dl#endurant ,dl#PQ_or_PED_or_PR_or_PD )
- dl#physical_depend_on_of ;
dl#descriptively_depends_on (dl#endurant ,dl#non-physical_endurant )
- dl#descriptive_depend_on_of ;
dl#host (dl#feature ,dl#entity)
- dl#host_of ;
pm#relation_with_common_mathematical_property (*)
> pm#binary_relation_with_common_mathematical_property ;
pm#binary_relation_with_common_mathematical_property (?,?) //or (?x,?y) or (? *x, ? *y) or (pm#thing ?x, pm#thing ?y) what if many defs?(ok if nbArgs fixed) //(?x) or (? *x) or (pm#thing ?x) declares a concept or refines a rel.//this declaration cat be prefixed by "type " or "relation " or "concept " or "metatype " or individual "
> pm#injective_binary_relation pm#trichotomizing_relation pm#reflexive_relation pm#irreflexive_relation pm#symmetric_relation pm#antisymmetric_relation pm#transitive_relation pm#intransitive_relation ;
pm#injective_binary_relation (?,?) (^if P is injective, then if P(x,y) and P(z,y) then x=z; e.g. if nameOfMonth(m,"Feb") and nameOfMonth(n,"Feb") then m and n are the same month; this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#injective_binary_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^);
pm#trichotomizing_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#trichotomizing_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#trichotomizing_relation_on_real_number ;
pm#trichotomizing_relation_on_real_number (sumo#quantity , sumo#quantity )
> sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#less_than_or_equal sumo#greater_than_or_equal ;
pm#reflexive_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#reflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#equivalence_relation pm#partial_ordering_relation sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#connected sumo#overlaps_spatially ;
pm#equivalence_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#equivalence_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#similar pm#equal pm#equivalence sumo#copy sumo#equivalent_content_class sumo#equivalent_content_instance sumo#cooccur sumo#family_relation ;
// - pm#equivalence_relation ;
pm#similar (?,?) (^DO NOT USE SUCH A RELATION TYPE DIRECTLY^)
> {pm#closely_similar pm#loosely_similar } pm#related_to ;
pm#closely_similar (?,?) (^the '~' link in WebKB-2: currently only used between categories for Greek gods and their Roman counterparts, and between some types from the 3D (endurantist) approach and their counterparts from the 4D (perdurantist) approach or the ?D (vague/unspecified) approach)^);
pm#related_to (?,?) (^the '&' link in WebKB-2 (currently used for representing a sumo#related_internal_concept relation)^)
> sumo#related_internal_concept ,
& sumo#related_external_concept ;
sumo#related_internal_concept (?,?) (^the two arguments are related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity of meaning between them; to indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and a concept from another source, use sumo#related_external_concept^);
pm#equal (?,?) (^"=" in KIF; true if the 1st argument is identical to the 2nd^)
> owl#same_as ,
! pm#different ,
= sumo#equal ;
owl#same_as (?,?) (^MORE PRECISE TYPES THAN THIS ONE SHOULD BE USED^)
> pm#same_type_as owl#same_individual_as ,
= daml#equivalent_to ;
owl#same_individual_as (?,?)
! owl#different_from ;
sumo#copy (sumo#object ,sumo#object ) (^relates an object to an exact copy of the object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location^);
pm#partial_ordering_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#partial_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#total_ordering_relation pm#inferior_or_equal_to pm#superior_or_equal_to pm#generalizing_type sumo#subclass pm#specializing_type pm#constitution pm#part pm#wnMember pm#sub_collection sumo#sub_attribute sumo#sub_collection sumo#less_than_or_equal_to sumo#greater_than_or_equal_to sumo#sub_list sumo#initial_list sumo#subsumes_content_class sumo#subsumes_content_instance sumo#temporal_part sumo#before_or_equal sumo#sub_process sumo#sub_organization sumo#geometric_part ;
pm#total_ordering_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#total_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#inferior_to pm#superior_to pm#before pm#after pm#before_location ;
pm#inferior_to__less_than__superior (?,?) (^fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY^)
- pm#superior_or_equal_to ;
pm#superior_to__more_than__inferior (?,?) (^fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY^)
- pm#inferior_or_equal_to ;
pm#inferior_or_equal_to__less_than_or_equal_to__superior_or_equal__maximum (?,?) (^fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY^)
- pm#superior_to ;
pm#superior_or_equal_to__more_than_or_equal_to__inferior_or_equal__minimum (?,?) (^fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY^)
- pm#inferior_to ;
pm#generalizing_type (?,pm#type ) (^fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY^)
> pm#supertype pm#kind ,
- pm#specializing_type ;
pm#constitution (?,?)
> pm#substance dl#constituted_by ;
pm#substance (? -> ?)
> pm#matter ;
pm#matter (pm#physical_entity -> pm#physical_entity_part_or_substance );
pm#wnMember (?,?) (^member relation in WordNet^)
> pm#member ;
sumo#sub_attribute (sumo#Attribute ,sumo#Attribute ) (^the second argument can be ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it^);
pm#irreflexive_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#irreflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#asymmetric_relation sumo#successor_attribute_closure pm#different pm#inverse sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#inhibits sumo#prevents sumo#sub_proposition sumo#sub_plan sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#during sumo#earlier sumo#meets_spatially sumo#overlaps_partially sumo#superficial_part sumo#connected_engineering_components sumo#ancestor sumo#sibling sumo#brother sumo#sister sumo#spouse ;
pm#asymmetric_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> sumo#immediate_instance sumo#immediate_subclass sumo#range sumo#range_subclass sumo#valence sumo#documentation sumo#successor_attribute sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#proper_part sumo#contains sumo#member sumo#contains_information sumo#leader sumo#attribute sumo#manner sumo#probability_fn sumo#in_list sumo#closed_on sumo#reflexive_on sumo#irreflexive_on sumo#partial_ordering_on sumo#total_ordering_on sumo#trichotomizing_on sumo#equivalence_relation_on sumo#causes sumo#causes_subclass sumo#time sumo#holds_during sumo#exploits sumo#has_purpose sumo#has_skill sumo#crosses sumo#penetrates sumo#possesses sumo#precondition sumo#realization sumo#expressed_in_language sumo#uses sumo#identity_element sumo#element sumo#cardinality_fn sumo#measure sumo#duration sumo#frequency sumo#meets_temporally sumo#date sumo#surface sumo#interior_part sumo#hole sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#partially_fills sumo#properly_fills sumo#completely_fills sumo#fills sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#geopolitical_subdivision sumo#developmental_form sumo#inhabits sumo#authors sumo#editor sumo#publishes sumo#version sumo#parent sumo#husband sumo#wife sumo#citizen sumo#modal_attribute ;
sumo#successor_attribute (sumo#Attribute ,sumo#Attribute ) (^the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share^);
sumo#successor_attribute_closure (sumo#Attribute ,sumo#Attribute ) (^transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments^);
pm#different__different_from (?,?)
> owl#different_from pm#exclusive_class ,
! pm#equal ;
owl#different_from (?,?)
! owl#same_individual_as ,
= daml#different_individual_from ;
pm#symmetric_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#symmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#equivalence_relation pm#different sumo#independent_probability sumo#overlaps_temporally sumo#connected sumo#meets_spatially sumo#overlaps_spatially sumo#overlaps_partially sumo#connected_engineering_components sumo#sibling sumo#legal_relation sumo#spouse sumo#consistent ;
pm#antisymmetric_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#antisymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#asymmetric_relation pm#partial_ordering_relation pm#different sumo#partly_located ;
pm#transitive_relation (?,?)(^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#transitive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#equivalence_relation pm#partial_ordering_relation sumo#successor_attribute_closure sumo#proper_part sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#located sumo#crosses sumo#precondition sumo#sub_proposition sumo#sub_plan sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#during sumo#earlier sumo#superficial_part sumo#interior_part sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#geopolitical_subdivision sumo#developmental_form sumo#version sumo#ancestor sumo#brother sumo#sister dl#part dl#proper_part ;
pm#intransitive_relation (?,?) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#intransitive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type^)
> pm#inverse sumo#immediate_instance sumo#immediate_subclass sumo#member sumo#penetrates sumo#element sumo#meets_temporally sumo#parent ;
pm#binary_relation (?,?) (^in WebKB, most relation types are binary and some have a variable number of arguments (as in KIF), hence this type is currently only specialized by types that I do not want to see as direct subtypes of pm#relation^)
> pm#unary_function dc#Relation {dc#Type dc#Description } pm#relation_from_or_to_WordNet_type ;
pm#unary_function (? -> ?) (^function that requires a single argument; currently not specialized by the SUMO ternary relations since this seems useless (for now)^);
// > sumo#power_set_fn sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#abstraction_fn sumo#extension_fn sumo#probability_fn sumo#list_length_fn sumo#property_fn sumo#absolute_value_fn sumo#ceiling_fn sumo#cosine_fn sumo#denominator_fn sumo#floor_fn sumo#imaginary_part_fn sumo#integer_square_root_fn sumo#numerator_fn sumo#rational_number_fn sumo#real_number_fn sumo#reciprocal_fn sumo#round_fn sumo#signum_fn sumo#sine_fn sumo#square_root_fn sumo#tangent_fn sumo#successor_fn sumo#predecessor_fn sumo#complement_fn sumo#generalized_union_fn sumo#generalized_intersection_fn sumo#cardinality_fn sumo#kilo_fn sumo#mega_fn sumo#giga_fn sumo#tera_fn sumo#milli_fn sumo#micro_fn sumo#nano_fn sumo#pico_fn sumo#magnitude_fn sumo#wealth_fn sumo#begin_fn sumo#end_fn sumo#when_fn sumo#past_fn sumo#immediate_past_fn sumo#future_fn sumo#immediate_future_fn sumo#year_fn sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#immediate_family_fn sumo#government_fn sumo#premises_fn ; //to do: check transitivity
dc#Relation (?,?) (^to specify a reference to a related resource; in WebKB, pm#relation or MORE PRECISE RELATION TYPES SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD^)
> sumo#refers (pm);
sumo#refers (?,?) (^the 1st argument mentions or includes a reference to the 2nd argument, e.g. an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of oil may refer to many other things, e.g. the general state of the economy, the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, etc.^)
> sumo#names sumo#represents rdfs#see_also ;
sumo#represents (?,?) (^the 1st argument in some way indicates, expresses, connotes, pictures, describes ... the 2nd argument^)
> sumo#contains_information sumo#realization ;
sumo#contains_information (sumo#content_bearing_object ,sumo#proposition ) (^relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content^);
rdfs#see_also (?,pm#entity )
> rdfs#is_defined_by owl#imports ,
= daml#see_also (daml);
rdfs#is_defined_by (?,pm#entity ) (^in WebKB, pm#definition SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD^)
> pm#definition ,
= daml#is_defined_by (daml);
pm#definition (?,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^see also #definition^)
> rst#definition ;
owl#imports (?,pm#entity ) (^if imports(X,Y) and you believe X, then you should believe what is in Y^);
dc#Type__type (?,pm#entity ) (^to specify the nature or genre of the content of a resource; SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB^)
> sumo#instance (pm);
sumo#instance (?, sumo#set_or_class ) (^if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named instance_of; an object is an instance of a set_or_class if it is included in that set_or_class; an individual may be an instance of many classes, some of which may be subclasses of others; thus, there is no assumption in the meaning of instance about specificity or uniqueness^)
> pm#kind (pm) sumo#immediate_instance ;
sumo#immediate_instance (?, sumo#set_or_class ) (^if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass^);
// [sumo#immediate_instance (*x,*c) =>
// ![a sumo#set_or_class *s, sumo#subclass: *c, sumo#instance of: *x] ]
dc#Description (?,pm#entity ) (^to specify an account of the content of a resource; in WebKB, pm#topic or pmdescr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD^)
> pm#topic (pm) pm#url (pm) pm#file_or_file_element (pm) owl#version_info (pm) pm#title (pm) rdfs#comment (pm) ;
pm#topic (?,?)
> pm#descr dc#Subject ;
pm#descr (?,pm#description_content/medium/container ) (^for connecting an object to a formal representation of it, e.g. a representation written with a fcg^);
dc#Subject__subject (pm#description,pm#entity ) (^to specify 1 or several topics; in WebKB, pm#descr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD^);
pm#url (?,pm#URL );
pm#file_or_file_element (?,pm#description_container )
> pm#file pm#file_element pm#descr_in ;
pm#file (?,pm#document_element )
> pm#home_page ;
// pm#home_page (? -> pm#document_element )
// = tap#home_page ;
pm#file_element (?,pm#document_element );
pm#descr_in (?,pm#description_container ) (^when a thing t has a description stored in a description container dc, there is a relation pm#descr_in from t to dc^)
> pm#descr_container ;
pm#descr_container__description_support__descr_support (pm#description,pm#description_container ) (^permits to associate a statement with an object on which it is represented^);
owl#version_info (? -> pm#entity ) (^generally, a string giving information about this version; e.g. RCS/CVS keywords^);
pm#title (? -> pm#string ) (^for connecting an object to its "title" in a natural language^);
rdfs#comment (?,pm#string ) (^for connecting an object to an informal representation of it, typically a node with a string inside; in WebKB, the FT and FCG notations permit to avoid using this relation type^)
= daml#comment (daml) tap#description (pm) sumo#documentation (pm);
sumo#documentation (?,pm#string ) (^a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation^);
pm#ternary_relation__ternary_only_relation (?,?,?) (^relation with a fixed arity equal to 3; specialized by the SUMO ternary relations not categorized elsewhere^)
> pm#binary_function {sumo#confers_norm sumo#deprives_norm }; //sumo#domain sumo#domain_subclass sumo#related_external_concept sumo#conditional_probability sumo#prefers sumo#capability sumo#has_purpose_for_agent sumo#confers_norm sumo#deprives_norm sumo#between sumo#represents_for_agent sumo#represents_in_language sumo#distance sumo#temporally_between sumo#temporally_between_or_equal sumo#connects sumo#orientation sumo#occupies_position sumo#point_of_intersection sumo#geometric_distance ; //to do: check transitivity
pm#binary_function (?,? -> ?) (^function that requires two arguments; currently not specialized by the SUMO ternary relations since this seems useless (for now)^);
// > pm#function_returning_a_collection_from_2_elements sumo#list_order_fn sumo#list_concatenate_fn sumo#where_fn sumo#multiplication_fn sumo#addition_fn sumo#subtraction_fn sumo#division_fn sumo#exponentiation_fn sumo#log_fn sumo#max_fn sumo#min_fn sumo#remainder_fn sumo#union_fn sumo#intersection_fn sumo#relative_complement_fn sumo#kappa_fn sumo#measure_fn sumo#interval_fn sumo#per_fn sumo#time_interval_fn sumo#recurrent_time_interval_fn sumo#month_fn sumo#day_fn sumo#hour_fn sumo#minute_fn sumo#second_fn sumo#temporal_composition_fn sumo#mereological_sum_fn sumo#mereological_product_fn sumo#mereological_difference_fn sumo#edition_fn sumo#series_volume_fn sumo#periodical_issue_fn sumo#relative_time_fn ; //to do: check transitivity
sumo#confers_norm (pm#thing ,sumo#formula ,sumo#objective_norm ) (^the 1st argument brings it about that the formula has the objective_norm^);
sumo#deprives_norm (pm#thing ,sumo#formula ,sumo#objective_norm ) (^the 1st argument brings it about that the formula does not have the objective_norm^);
pm#quaternary_relation__quaternary_only_relation (?,?,?) (^relation with a fixed arity equal to 4^)
> kif#subst ;
kif#subst (?,?,? -> ?);
pm#relation_with_variable_arity (*) (^this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#variable_arity_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type; currently not specialized by the SUMO ternary relations since this seems useless (for now)^);
// > sumo#disjoint_relation sumo#contrary_attribute sumo#exhaustive_attribute sumo#exhaustive_decomposition sumo#disjoint_decomposition sumo#partition sumo#assignment_fn sumo#holds sumo#list_fn sumo#greatest_common_divisor_fn sumo#least_common_multiple_fn ;
pm#relation_for_an_application (*) (^relation introduced by an application^);
pm#relation_from_a_world (dolce#world , *)
> pm#concept_in_Dolce_Full pm#relation_in_Dolce_Full ;
pm#concept_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world , ?)
> dolce#non-empty_universal ;
dolce#non-empty_universal__NEP (dolce#world ,dolce#universal );
// := [ wldr(?w0,world ?w) => ?f(?w,a particular ?y) ];
pm#relation_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world ,*)
> dolce#wldr dolce#constitution pm#participant_in_Dolce_Full pm#part_in_Dolce_Full pm#quality_in_Dolce_Full pm#quale_in_Dolce_Full ;
dolce#wldr__WLDR (dolce#world ,dolce#world );
dolce#constitution__K (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
pm#participant_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular +)
> dolce#participant dolce#total_participant dolce#temporary_total_participant dolce#constant_participant dolce#maximal_participant dolce#maximal_physical_participant ;
dolce#participant__PC (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular);
dolce#total_participant__PC.T (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
dolce#temporary_total_participant__PC.t (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
dolce#maximal_participant__mpc (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
dolce#maximal_physical_participant__mppc (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
pm#quality_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular +)
> dolce#qt dolce#direct_quality ;
dolce#qt__quality (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
dolce#direct_quality__dqt (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular);
pm#quale_in_Dolce_Full (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular +)
> dolce#ql__quale dolce#temporary_quale ;
dolce#ql__quale (dolce#world ,dolce#particular ,dolce#particular );
//pm: arg inversion wrt dl#has_quale
dolce#temporary_quale__ql (dolce#world, dolce#particular, dolce#particular, dolce#particular);
//======================= 3) WordNet categories =======================
#wn00001740|entity (^$(artificial)$ that which is perceived or known or inferred to have its own physical existence (living or nonliving)^);
#wn00002254|self-contained_entity__thing (^$("self-contained_entity" added as key; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a separate and self-contained entity^);
#wn00002378|anything (^a thing of any kind; "do you have anything to declare?"^)
< #self-contained_entity ;
#wn00002488|something (^a thing of some kind; "is there something you want?"^)
< #self-contained_entity ;
#wn00002596|whole_thing__whole__unit (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the repairman simply replaced the unit"^)
p #part.physical_object #object_section ;
#wn00002908|living_thing__organism__being (^$(many specializations; "living_thing" first; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a living (or once living) entity that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently^)
p #cell #body_part ,
s #tissue ;
#wn00003866|life.living_thing (^living things collectively; "the oceans are teeming with life"^)
< #living_thing ;
#wn00003997|biont (^a discrete unit of living matter^)
< #living_thing ;
#wn00004081|cell (^$("cell" set as key; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals^)
p #cell_wall #energid #cytoplasm #cell_nucleus #organelle #vacuole ;
#wn00004753|causal_agent__cause__causal_agency (^$(many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ any entity that causes events to happen^);
#wn00005145|person__individual__someone__somebody__mortal__human__human_being__soul (^$("human_being" added as name; '<' #living_thing replaced by #human)$ a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"^)
< #human #causal_agent ,
p #personality #human_body ;
#wn00010787|animal__animate_being__beast__brute__creature__fauna (^$(distinct a)$ a living organism characterized by voluntary movement^)
< #living_thing ,
s #animal_tissue ,
p #head #face.external_body_part ;
#wn00011740|plant__flora__plant_life (^$(distinct p)$ a living organism lacking the power of locomotion^)
< #living_thing ,
p #plant_part ,
s #plant_tissue ;
#wn00012351|holy_of_holies (^$('<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ something that is regarded as inviolable or sacred; "every politician fears to touch that holy of holies, the Social Security System"^);
#wn00012545|physical_object__object (^$(many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"^);
#wn00013216|natural_object (^an object occurring naturally; not made by man^)
< #physical_object ,
! #artifact ;
#wn00013683|substance__matter (^$(distinct; '<' #physical_object removed since categorised as dl#physical_object which is exclusive with dl#amount_of_matter under which #substance is categorised)$ that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"^);
#wn00014866|food_or_beverage__nutrient__food (^$("food_or_beverage" added as key name; 'p' #solid_food replaced by '>')$ any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue^)
< #substance ;
#wn00015211|artifact__artefact (^$(many specializations)$ a man-made object taken as a whole^)
< #physical_object #whole_thing ,
! #natural_object ;
#wn00016049|article.artifact (^one of a class of artifacts; "an article of clothing"^)
< #artifact ;
#wn00016210|psychological_feature (^$(distinct)$ a feature of the mental life of a living organism^);
#wn00016363|abstraction (^$(artificial)$ a general concept formed by extracting common features from specific examples^);
#wn00016588|cognition__knowledge__noesis (^$(distinct)$ the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning^)
< #psychological_feature ;
#wn00017054|motivation__motive__need (^the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action; the reason for the action; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives"^)
< #psychological_feature ;
#wn00017399|feeling (^$('<' #psychological_feature replaced by pm#state; in the annotation, "the psychological feature of" changed to "the state of")$ the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"^);
#wn00018241|location (^$(distinct; many specializations; '<' #entity removed since too general for KR)$ a point or extent in space^);
#wn00018557|shape__form (^$('<' #attribute replaced by pm#space)$ the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance; "geometry is the mathematical science of shape"^);
#wn00018966|time (^$(distinct; "time" set as key; '<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past^);
#wn00019347|space (^$(distinct; '<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ the unlimited 3-dimensional expanse in which everything is located; "they tested his ability to locate objects in space"^)
p #location #aerospace ;
#wn00019575|absolute_space (^physical space independent of what occupies it^)
< #space ;
#wn00019682|state (^$(distinct; "state" set a key)$ the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"^);
#wn00020866|event (^something that happens at a given place and time^);
#wn00021056|human_action__act__human_activity (^$(many specializations)$ something that people do or cause to happen^);
#wn00021541|group__grouping (^any number of entities (members) considered as a unit^);
#wn00022035|possession (^$("possession" set as key)$ anything owned or possessed^);
#wn00022245|attribute (^$(distinct; '<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity^);
#wn00022557|relation (^$(distinct; '<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together^);
#wn00023141|social_relation (^$(distinct)$ a relation between living organisms (especially between people)^)
< #relation ;
#wn00023356|communication (^something that is communicated between people or groups^)
< #social_relation ;
#wn00023741|measure__quantity__amount__quantum (^$(many specializations; "measure" set as key; '<' #abstraction removed since too general for KR)$ how much there is of something that you can measure^);
#wn00024218|phenomenon (^$(distinct)$ any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning^);
#wn00024466|thing.action (^$(artificial)$ an action; "how could you do such a thing?"^)
< #action ;
#wn00024561|benignity__kindness (^a kind act^)
< #action ;
#wn00024746|achievement__accomplishment (^the action of accomplishing something^)
< #action ;
#wn00025182|deed__feat__effort__exploit (^a notable achievement: "he performed a great deed"; "the book was her finest effort"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00025685|masterpiece (^an outstanding achievement^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00025769|masterstroke (^an achievement demonstrating great skill or mastery^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00025879|credit.achievement (^used in the phrase "to your credit" to indicate an achievement deserving praise; "she already had several performances to her credit"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00026065|action (^$(many specializations)$ something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions"^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00026592|course_of_action__course (^a mode of action; "if you persist in that course you will surely fail"^)
< #action ;
#wn00026770|collision_course (^a course of action (following a given philosophy) that will lead to conflict if it continues unabated^)
< #course_of_action ;
#wn00026934|interaction (^a mutual or reciprocal action; interacting^)
< #action ;
#wn00027088|interplay (^reciprocal action and reaction^)
< #interaction ;
#wn00027174|contact (^close interaction: "they kept in daily contact"; "they claimed that they had been in contact with extraterrestrial beings"^)
< #interaction ;
#wn00027386|eye_contact (^contact that occurs when two people look directly at each other; "a teacher should make eye contact with the students"^)
< #contact ;
#wn00027562|placement (^contact established between applicants and prospective employees; "the agency provided placement services"^)
< #contact ;
#wn00027724|interchange.interaction__reciprocation__give-and-take (^mutual interaction; the activity of interchanging or reciprocating^)
< #interaction ;
#wn00027916|reciprocity (^mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges^)
< #interchange.interaction ;
#wn00028023|dealings__traffic (^social or verbal interchange (usually followed by `with')^)
< #interchange.interaction ;
#wn00028163|relation.dealings (^(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups: "international relations"^)
< #dealings ;
#wn00028316|playing.action (^the action of taking part in a game or sport or other recreation^)
< #action ;
#wn00028506|sword_play__play (^$("sword_play" added as key)$ the act using a sword (or other weapon) vigorously and skillfully^)
< #action ;
#wn00028640|bowling (^the playing of a game of tenpins or duckpins etc^)
< #playing.action ,
p #roll #run-up ;
#wn00028780|derring-do (^brave and heroic deeds^)
< #deed ;
#wn00028859|tour_de_force (^a masterly or brilliant feat^)
< #deed ;
#wn00028947|performance.achievement (^any recognized accomplishment; "they admired his performance under stress"; "when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00029197|overachievement (^better than expected performance (better than might have been predicted from intelligence tests)^)
< #performance.achievement ,
! #underachievement ;
#wn00029373|underachievement (^poorer than expected performance (poorer than might have been predicted from intelligence tests)^)
< #performance.achievement ,
! #overachievement ;
#wn00029550|track_record.achievement__record (^the sum of recognized accomplishments; "the lawyer has a good record"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00029687|fait_accompli__accomplished_fact (^an irreversible accomplishment^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00029797|going__sledding (^advancing toward a goal; "persuading him was easy going" or "the proposal faces tough sledding"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00029955|arrival.achievement__reaching (^accomplishment of an objective^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00030086|arrival (^the act of arriving at a certain place; "they awaited her arrival"^)
< #action ;
#wn00030332|attainment.arrival (^arrival at a new stage; "his attainment of puberty was delayed by malnutrition"^)
< #arrival.achievement ;
#wn00030468|advent__coming (^arrival that has been awaited (especially of something momentous); "the advent of the computer"^)
< #arrival.achievement ;
#wn00030625|ingress__entrance__entering__entry__incoming (^the act of entering; "she made a grand entrance"^)
< #arrival ;
#wn00030912|incursion (^the act of entering some territory or domain (often in large numbers); "the incursion of television into the American livingroom"^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00031097|intrusion (^entrance by force or without permission or welcome^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00031203|irruption (^a sudden violent entrance; a bursting in; "the recent irruption of bad manners"^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00031338|entree (^the act of entering; "she made a graceful entree into the ballroom"^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00031458|enrollment__registration__enrolment (^the act of enrolling^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00031562|appearance (^the act of appearing in public view; "the rookie made a brief appearance in the first period"; "it was Bernhardt's last appearance in America"^)
< #arrival ,
! #disappearing ;
#wn00031833|apparition (^an act of appearing or becoming visible unexpectedly; "natives were amazed at the apparition of this white stanger"^)
< #appearance ;
#wn00032005|emergence__emersion (^the act of emerging^)
< #appearance ;
#wn00032091|reappearance.appearance__return (^the act of someone appearing again; "his reappearance as Hamlet has been long awaited"^)
< #appearance ;
#wn00032263|comeback (^return by a celebrity to some previously successful activity^)
< #reappearance.appearance ;
#wn00032378|return.arrival__homecoming (^a coming to or returning home; "on his return from Australia we gave him a welcoming party"^)
< #arrival ;
#wn00032553|repatriation (^the act of returning to the country of origin^)
< #return.arrival ;
#wn00032657|penetration (^the act of entering into or through something; "the penetration of upper management by women"^)
< #ingress ;
#wn00032826|interpenetration__permeation (^thorough penetration^)
< #penetration ;
#wn00032922|anchorage (^the act of anchoring^)
< #arrival ;
#wn00032998|docking__moorage__tying_up (^a act of securing an arriving vessel with ropes^)
< #arrival ;
#wn00033120|landing (^the act of coming to land after a voyage^)
< #arrival ,
p #landing_approach ;
#wn00033287|landing.arrival (^the act of coming down to the earth (or other surface); "the plane made a smooth landing"; "his landing on his feet was catlike"^)
< #arrival ;
#wn00033487|forced_landing__emergency_landing (^an unscheduled airplane landing that is made under circumstances (engine failure or adverse weather) not under the pilot's control^)
< #aircraft_landing ;
#wn00033716|going_away__departure__going__leaving (^act of departing^)
< #deed ;
#wn00033981|breaking_away (^departing hastily^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00034058|farewell__leave__leave-taking__parting (^the act of departing politely; "he disliked long farewells"; "he took his leave"; "parting is such sweet sorrow"^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00034276|valediction (^the act of saying farewell^)
< #farewell ;
#wn00034360|disappearing__disappearance (^the act of leaving secretly or without explanation^)
< #going_away ,
! #appearance ;
#wn00034521|vanishing (^suddenly disappearing from sight^)
< #disappearing ;
#wn00034609|withdrawal (^the act of withdrawing^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00034832|self-effacement__effacement (^withdrawing into the background; making yourself inconspicuous^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00034969|retirement.withdrawal__retreat (^withdrawal for prayer and study and meditation; "a religious retreat"^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00035105|evacuation (^the act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion; especially for protection^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00035267|decampment (^breaking camp^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00035337|desertion__abandonment__defection (^withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility; "his abandonment of his wife and children left them penniless"^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00035601|abscondment__decampment (^the act of running away secretly (as to avoid arrest)^)
< #desertion ;
#wn00035725|absence_without_leave__unauthorized_absence (^unauthorized military absence^)
< #desertion ;
#wn00035845|deviationism (^ideological defection from the party line (especially from orthodox communism)^)
< #desertion ;
#wn00035982|emigration__out-migration (^migration into a place^)
< #migration ;
#wn00036077|immigration__in-migration (^migration out of a place^)
< #migration ;
#wn00036174|retreat (^(military) withdrawal to a more favorable position^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00036296|standdown (^(military) withdrawal of a military presence^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00036396|fallback__disengagement__pullout (^to break off a military action with an enemy^)
< #retreat ;
#wn00036521|receding.withdrawal__recession (^an act of becoming more distant^)
< #withdrawal ;
#wn00036618|sailing.going_away (^the departure of a vessel from a port^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00036709|debarkation__disembarkation__disembarkment (^the act of passengers and crew getting off of a ship or aircraft^)
< #landing ,
! #embarkation ;
#wn00036900|going_ashore (^debarkation from a boat or ship^)
< #debarkation ;
#wn00036990|embarkation__boarding__embarkment (^the act of passengers and crew getting aboard a ship or aircraft^)
< #going_away ,
! #debarkation ;
#wn00037154|exit (^the act of going out^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00037225|elopement (^the act of running away with a lover (usually to get married)^)
< #running_away ;
#wn00037342|escape__flight (^the act of escaping physically; "he made his escape from the mental hospital"; "the canary escaped from its cage"; "his flight was an indication of his guilt"^)
< #running_away ;
#wn00037652|running_away (^leaving (without permission) the place you are expected to be^)
< #deed ;
#wn00037808|evasion (^the act of physically escaping from something (an opponent or a pursuer or an unpleasant situation) by some adroit maneuver^)
< #escape ;
#wn00038039|elusion__slip__eluding (^the act of avoiding capture (especially by cunning)^)
< #evasion ;
#wn00038161|evasive_action__maneuver__manoeuvre (^an action aimed at evading an enemy^)
< #evasion ;
#wn00038334|clinch (^(in boxing) the act of one boxer holding onto the other to avoid being hit and to rest momentarily^)
< #evasive_action ;
#wn00038485|dodge (^a quick evasive movement^)
< #evasion ;
#wn00038561|breakout__break__jailbreak__gaolbreak__prisonbreak__prison-breaking (^an escape from jail; "the breakout was carefully planned"^)
< #escape ;
#wn00038737|lam__getaway (^a rapid escape (as by criminals); "the thieves made a clean getaway"; "after the expose he had to take it on the lam"^)
< #escape ;
#wn00038914|exodus__hegira__hejira (^a journey by a large group to escape from a hostile environment^)
< #escape ;
#wn00039048|Underground_Railroad__Underground_Railway (^abolitionists secret aid to escaping slaves; pre-Civil War in US^)
< #escape ;
#wn00039201|close_call__close_shave__squeak__squeaker__narrow_escape (^something achieved (or escaped) by a narrow margin^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00039358|egression__egress__emergence (^the act of coming (or going) out; becoming apparent^)
< #deed ;
#wn00039522|surfacing (^emerging to the surface and becoming apparent^)
< #egression ;
#wn00039623|shipment__dispatch__despatch (^the act of sending off something^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00039750|reshipment (^the act of shipping again (especially by transferring to another ship)^)
< #shipment ;
#wn00039877|completion (^the act of becoming or making complete: "her work is still far from completion"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00040049|consummation (^the act of bringing to completion or fruition^)
< #completion ;
#wn00040207|consummation.completion (^the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse^)
< #completion ;
#wn00040314|realization__realisation__fruition (^something that is realized; "the victory was the realization of a whole year's work"^)
< #consummation ;
#wn00040481|orgasm__climax__sexual_climax__coming (^the moment of most intense pleasure in sexual intercourse^)
< #consummation ;
#wn00040643|male_orgasm (^an orgasm accompanied by the sensation of ejaculation of semen^)
< #orgasm ;
#wn00040763|fulfillment__fulfilment (^the act of consummating something (a desire or promise etc)^)
< #consummation ;
#wn00040929|self-fulfillment__self-realization__self-realisation (^the fulfillment of your capacities^)
< #fulfillment ;
#wn00041064|attainment (^the act of achieving an aim; "the attainment of independence"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00041236|record.attainment (^an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport); "he tied the Olympic record"; "coffee production last year broke all previous records"; "Chicago set the homicide record"^)
< #attainment ;
#wn00041532|track_record (^the best recorded performance at a particular racetrack^)
< #record.attainment ;
#wn00041646|world_record (^the best record in the whole world^)
< #record.attainment ;
#wn00041739|success (^an attainment that is successful; "his success in the marathon was unexpected"; "his new play was a great success"^)
< #attainment ;
#wn00042105|winning (^succeeding with great difficulty; "winning is not everything"^)
< #success ;
#wn00042220|smash__hit__bang__strike (^a conspicuous success; "that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career"^)
< #success ;
#wn00042385|bell_ringer.success__bull's_eye__mark (^something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal; "the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer"; "scored a bull's eye"; "hit the mark"^)
< #success ;
#wn00042605|ennoblement (^the act of raising someone to the nobility^)
< #promotion ;
#wn00042705|conquest (^success in mastering something difficult; "the conquest of space"^)
< #success ;
#wn00042825|coup (^a brilliant and notable success^)
< #success ;
#wn00042907|flying_colors__flying_colours (^complete success; "they passed inspection with flying colors"^)
< #success ;
#wn00043045|qualifying__passing__pass (^success in satisfying a test or requirement; "his future depended on his passing that test"; "he got a pass in introductory chemistry"^)
< #success ,
! #failing ;
#wn00043271|course_credit__credit (^educational recognition that a course of studies has been successfully completed^)
< #attainment ;
#wn00043438|semester_hour (^a unit of academic credit; one hour a week for an academic semester^)
< #course_credit ;
#wn00043565|nonaccomplishment__nonachievement (^an act that does not achieve its intended goal^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00043746|failure.omission (^an unexpected omission; "he resented my failure to return his call"^)
< #omission ;
#wn00043921|failure (^an act that fails^)
< #nonaccomplishment ;
#wn00044136|failing (^failure to reach a minimum required performance; "his failing the course led to his disqualification"^)
< #failure ,
! #qualifying ;
#wn00044309|naught (^complete failure; "all my efforts led to naught"^)
< #failure ;
#wn00044410|cut.absence (^an unexcused absence from class; "he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class"^)
< #absence ;
#wn00044553|default (^loss due to not showing up; "he lost the game by default"^)
< #absence ;
#wn00044664|loss (^the act of losing; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"^)
< #failure ;
#wn00044806|capitulation__fall__surrender (^the act of surrendering (under agreed conditions); "they were protected until the capitulation of the fort"^)
< #loss ;
#wn00044991|thwarting__frustration__foiling (^an act of hindering someone's plans or efforts^)
< #hindrance ;
#wn00045117|overturn__upset (^an improbable and unexpected victory; "the biggest upset since David beat Goliath"^)
< #success ;
#wn00045262|backsliding__lapse__lapsing__recidivism__relapse__relapsing__reversion__reverting (^a failure to maintain a higher state^)
< #failure ;
#wn00045433|dashing_hopes__disappointment (^an act (or failure to act) that disappoints someone^)
< #failure.omission ;
#wn00045561|breach (^a failure to perform some promised act or obligation^)
< #failure.omission ;
#wn00045702|copout (^a failure to face some difficulty squarely^)
< #failure.omission ;
#wn00045797|breach_of_contract (^a breach of a legal duty; failure to do something that is required in a contract^)
< #breach ;
#wn00046068|anticipatory_breach__constructive_breach (^a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00046228|breach_of_duty (^a breach of due care^)
< #breach ;
#wn00046309|breach_of_the_covenant_of_warranty (^a failure of the seller's guarantee of good title^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00046439|breach_of_promise (^failure to keep a promise (of marriage)^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00046542|breach_of_trust (^violation (either through fraud or negligence) by a trustee of a duty that equity requires of him^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00046701|breach_of_trust_with_fraudulent_intent (^larceny after trust rather than after unlawful taking^)
< #larceny ;
#wn00046839|breach_of_warranty (^a breach that occurs when an item is deficient according to the terms of a warranty^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00046987|leaning (^the act deviating from a vertical position^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00047083|material_breach (^a breach serious enough to destroy the value of the contract and to give a basis for an action for breach of contract^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00047262|partial_breach (^a breach that does not destroy the value of the contract but can give rise to a claim for damages^)
< #breach_of_contract ;
#wn00047420|mistake__error__fault (^a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention; "he made a bad mistake"; "she was quick to point out my errors"; "I could understand his English in spite of his grammatical faults"^)
< #nonaccomplishment ;
#wn00047911|double_fault (^(tennis) two successive faults in serving resulting in the loss of the point^)
< #fault.serve ;
#wn00048046|footfault (^a fault that occurs when the server in tennis fails to keep both feet behind the baseline^)
< #fault.serve ;
#wn00048210|misplay__error (^(baseball) a failure of a defensive player to make an out when normal play would have sufficed^)
< #failure ;
#wn00048385|blot__smear__smirch__spot__stain (^an act that brings discredit to the person who does it; "he made a huge blot on his copybook"^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00048561|mix-up__confusion (^a mistake that results from taking one thing to be another; "he changed his name in order to avoid confusion with the notorious outlaw"^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00048761|incursion.mistake (^the mistake of incurring liability or blame^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00048860|miscalculation__misreckoning__misestimation (^a mistake in calculating^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00048994|boomerang__backfire (^a miscalculation that recoils on its maker^)
< #miscalculation ;
#wn00049103|distortion (^the mistake of misrepresenting the facts^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00049200|slip-up__slip__miscue__parapraxis (^a minor inadvertent mistake usually observed in speech or writing or in small accidents or memory lapses etc.^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00049410|Freudian_slip (^a slip-up that (according to Sigmund Freud) results from the operation of unconscious wishes or conflicts and can reveal unconscious processes in normal healthy individuals^)
< #slip-up ;
#wn00049642|oversight__lapse (^a mistake resulting from inattention^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00049742|omission__skip (^a mistake resulting from neglect^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00049854|blunder__blooper__bloomer__bungle__foul-up__fuckup__flub__botch__boner__boo-boo (^an embarrassing mistake^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00050174|snafu (^an acronym often used by soldiers in World War II: Situation Normal All Fucked Up^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00050307|spectacle (^a blunder that makes you look ridiculous; used in the phrase "make a spectacle of" yourself^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00050454|ballup__balls-up__cockup__mess-up (^(British) something badly botched or muddled^)
< #mistake ;
#wn00050581|bull (^a serious and ludicrous blunder; "he made a bad bull of the assignment"^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00050703|fumble__muff (^dropping the ball (in baseball or football)^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00050806|fluff (^a blunder (especially an actor's forgetting the lines)^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00050912|faux_pas__gaffe__solecism__slip__gaucherie (^a socially awkward or tactless act^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00051039|howler (^a glaring blunder^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00051109|clanger (^(British) a conspicuous mistake whose effects seem to reverberate; "he dropped a clanger"^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00051252|misstep__trip__stumble (^an unintentional but embarrassing blunder; "he recited the whole poem without a single trip"; "confusion caused his unfortunate misstep"^)
< #blunder ;
#wn00051459|spill.slip__tumble__fall (^a sudden drop from an upright position; "he had a nasty spill on the ice"^)
< #slip.misadventure ;
#wn00051600|acquisition (^the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something; "the acquisition of wealth"; "the acquisition of one company by another"^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00052001|acquiring__getting (^the act of acquiring something; "I envied his talent for acquiring new friends"; "did you hear about his getting a car?"^)
< #deed ;
#wn00052331|obtainment__obtention (^the act of obtaining^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00052420|contracting__catching (^becoming infected; "catching cold is sometimes unavoidable"; "the contracting of a serious illness can be financially catastrophic"^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00052620|incurring (^acquiring or coming into something (usually undesirable): "incurring debts is easier than paying them"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00052778|moneymaking (^the act of making money (and accumulating wealth)^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00052885|accession.acquisition__addition (^something added to what you have already; "the librarian shelved the new accessions"; "he was a new addition to the staff"^)
< #acquisition.transferred_property ;
#wn00053074|pork-barreling (^acquisition of government money for benefits to a specific locale: "keeps his hold on his constituents through unashamed pork-barreling"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00053271|purchase (^the acquisition of something for payment; "they closed the purchase with a handshake"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00053447|repurchase__redemption__buyback (^purchasing back something previously sold^)
< #purchase ;
#wn00053568|trading (^buying or selling securities or commodities^)
< #commercialism ;
#wn00053755|bond_trading__bond-trading_activity (^trading in bonds (usually by a broker on the floor of an exchange)^)
< #trading ;
#wn00053904|program_trading (^a trading technique involving large blocks of stock with trades triggered by computer programs^)
< #trading ;
#wn00054060|short_sale__short_selling (^sale of securities or commodity futures not owned by the seller (who hopes to buy them back later at a lower price)^)
< #trading ;
#wn00054248|short_covering (^the purchase of securities or commodities by a short seller to close out a short sale^)
< #trading ;
#wn00054394|insider_trading (^buying or selling corporate stock by a corporate officer or other insider^)
< #trading ;
#wn00054529|naked_option (^a put or call option for which the seller or buyer has no underlying security position^)
< #option ;
#wn00054674|covered_option (^a put or call option backed by the shares underlying the option^)
< #option ;
#wn00054798|call_option.option__call (^the option to buy a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date^)
< #option ,
! #put ;
#wn00055005|put__put_option (^the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date^)
< #option ,
! #call_option.option ;
#wn00055211|straddle.option (^the option to buy or sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date; consists of an equal number of put and call options^)
< #option ;
#wn00055432|incentive_option__incentive_stock_option (^an option granted to corporate executives if the company achieves certain financial goals^)
< #option ;
#wn00055609|buying__purchasing (^the act of buying; "buying and selling fill their days"; "shrewd purchasing requires considerable knowledge"^)
< #purchase ;
#wn00055837|shopping (^searching for or buying goods or services: "went shopping for a reliable plumber"; "does her shopping at the mall rather than down town"^)
< #buying ;
#wn00056046|marketing (^shopping at a market: "does the weekly marketing at the supermarket"^)
< #shopping ;
#wn00056170|mail-order_buying__catalog_buying (^buying goods to be shipped through the mail^)
< #buying ;
#wn00056294|viatication__viaticus (^purchasing insurance policies for cash from terminally ill policy holders^)
< #buying ;
#wn00056436|acceptance (^the act of taking something that is offered; "her acceptance of the gift encouraged him"; "he anticipated their acceptance of his offer"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00056629|taking_over__succession (^acquisition of property by descent or by will^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00056745|laying_claim__assumption (^the act of taking possession of or power over something; "his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba"; "the Nazi assumption of power in 1934"; "he acquired all the company's assets for ten million dollars and the assumption of the company's debts"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00057081|assumption (^the act of assuming or taking for granted; "your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted"^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00057251|position.assumption (^the act of positing; an assumption taken as a postulate or axiom^)
< #assumption ;
#wn00057370|inheritance__heritage (^hereditary succession to a title or an office or property^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00057496|procurement__procurance__procural (^the act of getting possession of something; "he was responsible for the procurement of materials and supplies"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00057688|appropriation (^a deliberate act of acquisition^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00057851|borrowing.appropriation__adoption (^the appropriation (of ideas or words etc) from another source; "the borrowing of ancient motifs was very apparent"^)
< #appropriation ;
#wn00058050|misappropriation (^wrongful borrowing; "his explanation was a misappropriation of sociological theory"^)
< #borrowing.appropriation ;
#wn00058196|preemption__pre-emption (^a prior appropriation of something; "the preemption of bandwidth by commercial interests"^)
< #appropriation ;
#wn00058356|seizure (^the taking possession of something by legal process^)
< #appropriation ;
#wn00058551|usurpation (^seizing and holding (an office or powers) by force^)
< #gaining_control ;
#wn00058658|confiscation__arrogation (^seizure by the government^)
< #seizure ;
#wn00058773|distraint__distress (^the seizure and holding of property as security for payment of a debt or satisfaction of a claim^)
< #seizure ;
#wn00058936|expropriation (^depriving an owner of property by taking it for public use^)
< #confiscation ;
#wn00059054|impoundment__impounding__internment__poundage (^placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law^)
< #seizure ;
#wn00059213|impress__impressment (^the act of coercing someone into government service^)
< #seizure ;
#wn00059332|occupancy__occupation__taking_possession__moving_in (^the act of occupying or taking possession of a building; "occupation of a building without a certificate of occupancy is illegal"^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00059580|preoccupancy (^the act of taking occupancy before someone else does^)
< #occupancy ;
#wn00059691|sequestration__requisition (^seizing property that belongs to someone else and holding it until profits pay the demand for which it was seized^)
< #appropriation ;
#wn00059878|subsidization__grant__subsidisation (^the act of providing a subsidy^)
< #apportionment ;
#wn00060046|awarding__award (^a grant made by a law court; "he criticized the awarding of compensation by the court"^)
< #subsidization ;
#wn00060195|block_grant (^a grant of federal money to state and local governments to support social welfare programs; "block grants reduce federal responsibility for social welfare"^)
< #subsidization ;
#wn00060408|grant-in-aid (^a grant from a central government to a local government^)
< #subsidization ;
#wn00060522|gaining_control__capture__seizure (^the act of forcibly dispossessing an owner of property^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00060730|apprehension__arrest__catch__collar__pinch__taking_into_custody (^the act of apprehending (especially apprehending a criminal); "the policeman on the beat got credit for the collar"^)
< #gaining_control ;
#wn00060960|conquering__conquest__subjection__subjugation (^the act of conquering^)
< #gaining_control ;
#wn00061094|enslavement (^the act of making slaves of your captives^)
< #gaining_control ;
#wn00061193|regaining__restitution__return__restoration (^getting something back again; "upon the restitution of the book to its rightful owner the child was given a tongue lashing"^)
< #acquisition ;
#wn00061427|clawback (^(British) finding a way to take money back from people that they were given in another way; "the Treasury will find some clawback for the extra benefits members received"^)
< #regaining ;
#wn00061652|repossession (^the action of regaining possession (especially the seizure of collateral securing a loan that is in default)^)
< #recovery.deed ;
#wn00061819|foreclosure (^the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default^)
< #judicial_proceeding ;
#wn00061978|reception.acquiring__receipt (^the act of receiving^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00062064|disposal__disposition (^the act or means of getting rid of something^)
< #deed ;
#wn00062303|appointment.disposal (^(law) the act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment; "she allocated part of the trust to her church by appointment"^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00062501|comb-out (^the act of carefully weeding out unwanted things or people; "the department got a good comb-out"^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00062652|giving.disposal (^disposing of property by voluntary transfer without receiving value in return; "the alumni followed a program of annual giving"^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00062832|abandonment (^the voluntary surrender of property (or a right to property) without attempting to reclaim it or give it away^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00063053|throwing_away__discard (^getting rid something that is regarded as useless or undesirable^)
< #abandonment ;
#wn00063187|discard (^to throw out a useless card or to fail to follow suit^)
< #abandonment ;
#wn00063313|jettison (^throwing cargo overboard to lighten the load when in distress^)
< #abandonment ;
#wn00063429|mine_disposal (^the disposal of explosive mines^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00063538|minesweeping (^the activity of detecting and disposing of marine mines^)
< #mine_disposal ;
#wn00063652|sewage_disposal (^the disposal of sewage^)
< #disposal ;
#wn00063736|private_treaty (^a sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agency^)
< #selling ;
#wn00063890|auction_sale__auction__vendue (^the public sale of something to the highest bidder^)
< #sale ;
#wn00064018|bootlegging (^the act of making of transporting alcoholic liquor for sale illegally; "the Prohibition amendment made bootlegging profitable"^)
< #selling ;
#wn00064202|bootlegging.selling (^the act of selling illegally or without permission; "the bootlegging of video tapes is common in the Orient"^)
< #selling ;
#wn00064368|capitalization.selling__capitalisation (^the sale of capital stock^)
< #selling ;
#wn00064489|overcapitalization__overcapitalisation (^too much capitalization (more than the business warrants)^)
< #capitalization.selling ;
#wn00064632|rally.deed__rallying (^the feat of mustering strength for a renewed effort; "he singled to start a rally in the 9th inning"; "he feared the rallying of their troops for a counterattack"^)
< #deed ;
#wn00064857|recovery.deed__retrieval (^the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost)^)
< #deed ;
#wn00065073|rescue__deliverance__delivery__saving (^recovery or preservation from loss or danger; "work is the deliverance of mankind": "a surgeon's job is the saving of lives"^)
< #recovery.deed ;
#wn00065410|lifesaving (^saving the lives of drowning persons; "he took a course in lifesaving"^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00065537|redemption__salvation (^(Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00065725|absolution__remission__remittal__remission_of_sin (^the act of absolving or remitting; formal redemption as pronounced by a priest in the sacrament of penance^)
< #redemption ;
#wn00065949|spiritual_rebirth__conversion__rebirth (^a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life^)
< #redemption ;
#wn00066115|proselytism (^the state of being a proselyte; spiritual rebirth resulting from the zeal of crusading advocacy of the gospel^)
< #spiritual_rebirth ;
#wn00066282|propitiation__expiation__atonement (^the act of atoning for sin or wrongdoing^)
< #redemption ;
#wn00066405|amends__reparation (^compensation (given or received) for an injury or insult; "an act for which there is no reparation"; "how can I make amends?"^)
< #recompense ;
#wn00066596|freeing__liberation__release (^the act of liberating someone or something^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00066859|jail_delivery (^the use of force to liberate prisoners^)
< #freeing ;
#wn00066957|reformation__reclamation (^rescuing from error and returning to a rightful course^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00067083|salvage (^the act of rescuing a ship or its crew or its cargo from a shipwreck or a fire^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00067215|salvage.rescue (^the act of saving goods or property that were in danger of damage or destruction^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00067349|salvation.rescue (^saving someone or something from harm of from an unpleasant situation; "the salvation of his party was the president's major concern"^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00067538|search_and_rescue_mission (^a military rescue mission to search for survivors and to rescue them^)
< #rescue ;
#wn00067678|ransom.recovery (^the act of freeing from captivity or punishment^)
< #recovery.deed ;
#wn00067778|retaking__recapture (^the act of taking something back^)
< #recovery.deed ;
#wn00067877|recapture (^a legal seizure by the government of profits beyond a fixed amount^)
< #seizure ;
#wn00067999|effectuation__implementation (^the act of implementing (providing a practical means for accomplishing something)^)
< #deed ;
#wn00068264|invocation (^the act of appealing for help^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00068350|instrumentation (^the act of providing or using the instruments needed for some implementation^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00068488|execution__performance__carrying_out__carrying_into_action (^the act of performing; of doing something successfully; using knowledge as distinguished from merely possessing it; "they criticised his performance as mayor"; "experience generally improves performance"^)
< #action ;
#wn00068853|specific_performance (^the performance of a legal contract as specified by its terms^)
< #execution ;
#wn00068981|mechanism.execution__mechanics (^technical aspects of doing something; "mechanisms of communication"; "the mechanics of prose style"^)
< #execution ;
#wn00069148|service.accommodation (^the performance of duties by a waiter or servant; "that restaurant has excellent service"^)
< #accommodation.assistance ;
#wn00069309|self-service (^the practice of serving yourself (as in a grocery or cafeteria)^)
< #service.accommodation ;
#wn00069431|dramatic_production__dramatic_performance (^a performance of a drama^)
< #performance ;
#wn00069544|encore (^an extra or repeated performance; usually given in response to audience demand^)
< #performance ;
#wn00069675|extemporization__extemporisation__improvisation (^a performance given without planning or preparation^)
< #performance ;
#wn00069822|juggle__juggling (^throwing and catching several objects simultaneously^)
< #performance ;
#wn00069938|magic_trick__conjuring_trick__trick__magic__legerdemain__illusion__deception (^an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers^)
< #performance ;
#wn00070158|musical_performance (^act of performing music^)
< #performance ,
p #fingering ;
#wn00070302|one-night_stand (^a performance in one place on one night only^)
< #performance ;
#wn00070408|rendition.performance__rendering__interpretation (^the act of interpreting something as expressed in an artistic performance^)
< #performance ;
#wn00070584|reinterpretation (^a new or different interpretation^)
< #rendition.performance ;
#wn00070680|playing (^the act of playing a musical instrument^)
< #musical_performance ;
#wn00070827|bowing (^managing the bow in playing a stringed instrument; "the violinist's bowing was excellent"^)
< #playing ;
#wn00070987|spiccato_bowing__spiccato (^bowing in such a way that the bow bounces lightly off the strings^)
< #bowing ;
#wn00071125|piping (^playing a pipe or the bagpipes^)
< #playing ;
#wn00071208|stopping (^the kind of playing that involves pressing the fingers on the strings of a stringed instrument to control the pitch; "the violinist's stopping was excellent"^)
< #playing ;
#wn00071438|double_stopping (^stopping two strings and producing two notes at the same time^)
< #stopping ;
#wn00071561|jam_session (^an impromptu jazz concert^)
< #musical_performance ;
#wn00071644|automation__mechanization__mechanisation__high_technology__high-tech (^a highly technical implementation; usually involving electronic hardware; "automation replaces human workers by machines"^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00071884|motorization__motorisation (^the act of motorizing (equiping with motors or with motor vehicles)^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00072025|actuation__propulsion (^the act of propelling^)
< #deed ;
#wn00072367|launching.actuation__launch (^the act of propelling with force^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00072482|launching (^the act of moving a newly-built vessel into the water for the first time^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00072610|rocket_firing__rocket_launching (^the launching of a rocket or missile under its own power^)
< #launching.actuation ;
#wn00072781|blastoff__shot (^the launching of a missile or spacecraft to a specified destination^)
< #rocket_firing ;
#wn00072910|moon_shot (^the launching of a spacecraft to the moon^)
< #rocket_firing ;
#wn00073007|driving_force__drive__thrust (^the act of applying force to propel something; "after reaching the desired velocity the drive is cut off"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00073225|firewall (^(informal) the application of maximum thrust; "he slammed the throttle to the firewall"^)
< #driving_force ;
#wn00073367|impulse__impulsion__impetus (^the act of applying force suddenly; "the impulse knocked him over"^)
< #driving_force ;
#wn00073509|roll (^the act of rolling something (as the ball in bowling)^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00073632|throw (^the act of throwing (propelling something through the air with a rapid movement of the arm and wrist); "the catcher made a good throw to second base"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00074049|bowling.throw (^(cricket) the act of delivering a cricket ball to the batsman^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074218|fling (^the act of flinging^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074289|heave.throw__heaving (^throwing something heavy (with great effort); "he gave it a mighty heave"; "he was not good at heaving passes"^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074461|hurl__cast (^a violent throw^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074534|leaner (^(horseshoes) the throw of a horseshoe so as to lean against (but not encircle) the stake^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074675|toss__pass__flip (^(sports) the act of throwing the ball to another member of your team; "the pass was fumbled"^)
< #throw ;
#wn00074850|pitch (^the action or manner of throwing something; "his pitch fell short and his hat landed on the floor"^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075000|pitch.throw__delivery (^(baseball) the throwing of a baseball by a pitcher to a batter^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075396|ringer (^(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075539|shy (^a quick throw; "he gave the ball a shy to the first baseman"^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075649|slinging (^throwing with a wide motion (as if with a sling)^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075752|throw-in (^(rugby football) an act or instance of throwing a ball in to put it into play^)
< #throw ;
#wn00075884|balk (^an illegal pitching motion while runners are on base^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00075987|ball.pitch (^a pitch that is not in the strike zone; "he threw nine straight balls before the manager yanked him"^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076138|beanball__beaner (^a baseball deliberately thrown at the batter's head^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076253|change-up__change-of-pace__change-of-pace_ball__off-speed_pitch (^a baseball thrown with little velocity when the batter is expecting a fastball^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076444|curve_ball__curve__breaking_ball__bender (^a baseball thrown with spin so that its path curves as it approach the batter^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076611|duster (^a pitch thrown deliberately close to the batter^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076711|fastball__heater__smoke__hummer__bullet (^(baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity; "he swung late on the fastball"; "he showed batters nothing but smoke"^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00076938|knuckleball__knuckler (^a baseball pitch thrown with little speed or spin^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077056|screwball (^a pitch with reverse spin that curves toward the side of the plate from which it was thrown^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077203|sinker (^a pitch that curves downward rapidly as it approaches the plate^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077319|slider (^a fastball that curves slightly away from the side from which it was thrown^)
< #fastball ;
#wn00077447|spitter__spitball (^an illegal pitch in which a foreign substance (spit or Vaseline) is applied to the ball by the pitcher before he throws it^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077634|strike.pitch (^a pitch that is in the strike zone and that the batter does not hit; "this pitcher throws more strikes than balls"^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077801|submarine_ball__submarine_pitch (^a pitch thrown sidearm instead of overhead^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00077922|wild_pitch (^a pitch that the catcher cannot stop^)
< #pitch.throw ;
#wn00078015|basketball_shot (^throwing the basketball toward the hoop; "his shot hit the rim and bounced out"^)
< #shot ;
#wn00078373|bank_shot (^a basketball shot that bounces off of the backboard^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00078480|dunk_shot__dunk__stuff_shot (^a basketball shot in which the basketball is propelled downward into the basket^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00078653|slam-dunk (^a forceful dunk^)
< #dunk_shot ;
#wn00078724|finger-roll (^a basketball shot that rolls off the tips of the fingers into the basket^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00078854|foul_shot__free_throw__penalty_free_throw__charity_toss__charity_throw__charity_shot (^an unhindered basketball shot from the foul line; given to penalize the other team for committing a foul^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079112|one-and-one (^a foul shot that must be made in order to earn the right to a second foul shot^)
< #foul_shot ;
#wn00079248|hook_shot__hook (^a basketball shot made over the head with the hand that is farther from the basket^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079393|jump_shot__jumper (^a player releases the basketball at the high point of a jump^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079518|lay-up__layup (^a basketball shot made with one hand from a position under or beside the basket (and usually banked off the backboard)^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079697|pivot_shot (^a one-handed basketball shot made while whirling on the pivot foot^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079820|set_shot (^a two-handed basketball shot from a stationary position^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00079930|scoop_shot (^a basketball shot made with an underhand scooping motion^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00080043|tip_in (^a basketball shot made by tapping the rebounding ball back into the basket^)
< #basketball_shot ;
#wn00080170|pushing__push (^the act of applying force in order to move something away; "he gave the door a hard push"; "the pushing is good exercise"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00080442|depression (^pushing down; "depression of the space bar on the typewriter"^)
< #pushing ;
#wn00080578|mouse_click__click (^depression of a button on a computer mouse: "a click on the right button for example"^)
< #depression ;
#wn00080729|nudge__jog (^a slight push or shake^)
< #pushing ;
#wn00080809|press__pressure__pressing (^the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure; "he gave the button a press"; "he used pressure to stop the bleeding"; "at the pressing of a button"^)
< #pushing ;
#wn00081084|impression.press (^the act of pressing one thing on or into the surface of another; "he watched the impression of the seal on the hot wax"^)
< #press ;
#wn00081260|shove (^the act of shoving (giving a push to someone or something); "he gave the door a shove"^)
< #pushing ;
#wn00081434|bundling (^the act of shoving hastily; "she complained about bundling the children off to school"^)
< #shove ;
#wn00081575|jostle__jostling (^the act of jostling (forcing your way by pushing)^)
< #shove ;
#wn00081706|elbowing (^jostling with the elbows; "elbowing is a foul in basketball"^)
< #jostle ;
#wn00081821|pulling__pull (^the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you; "the pull up the hill had him breathing harder"; "his strenuous pulling strained his back"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00082171|drag (^the act of dragging (pulling with force); "the drag up the hill exhausted him"^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00082300|haulage__draw__haul (^the act of drawing or hauling something; "the haul up the hill went very slowly"^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00082466|tow__towage (^the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope; "the truck gave him a tow to the garage"^)
< #haulage ;
#wn00082638|tug__jerk (^a sudden abrupt pull^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00082715|draft__draught__drawing (^the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00082833|extirpation__deracination (^the act of pulling up or out; uprooting^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00082945|pluck (^the act of pulling and releasing a taut cord^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00083041|traction (^(orthopedics) the act of pulling on a bone or limb (as in a fracture) to relieve pressure or align parts in a special way during healing; "his leg was in traction for several days"^)
< #pulling ;
#wn00083276|lift.actuation__raise__heave__elevation (^the act of raising something; "he responded with a lift of his eyebrow"; "fireman learn several different raises for getting ladders up"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00083491|forcing_out__expulsion__projection__ejection (^the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00083739|defenestration (^the act of throwing someone or something out of a window^)
< #forcing_out ;
#wn00083856|accommodation_reflex (^reflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina^)
< #unconditioned_reflex ;
#wn00083999|Babinski_reflex__Babinski__Babinski_sign (^extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons^)
< #unconditioned_reflex ;
#wn00084310|belch__belching__burp__burping__eructation (^a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth^)
< #unconditioned_reflex #forcing_out ;
#wn00084489|belching (^the forceful expulsion of something from inside; "the belching of smoke from factory chimneys"^)
< #forcing_out ;
#wn00084638|eye_blink__blink__blinking__wink__winking__nictitation__nictation (^a reflex that closes and opens the eyes rapidly^)
< #unconditioned_reflex ;
#wn00084821|blush__flush (^sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)^)
< #unconditioned_reflex ;
#wn00084962|coughing_up (^the act of expelling (food or phlegm) by coughing^)
< #forcing_out ;
#wn00085069|spitting__spit__expectoration (^the act of spitting (forcefully expelling saliva)^)
< #forcing_out ;
#wn00085196|vomiting__vomit__emesis__regurgitation__disgorgement__puking (^the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth^)
< #unconditioned_reflex #forcing_out ;
#wn00085452|rumination (^regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding^)
< #vomiting ;
#wn00085583|hematemesis__haematemesis (^vomiting blood^)
< #vomiting ;
#wn00085670|hyperemesis (^severe and excessive vomiting^)
< #vomiting ;
#wn00085775|hyperemesis_gravidarum (^hyperemesis during pregnancy; if severe it can result in damage to the brain and liver and kidney^)
< #hyperemesis ;
#wn00085941|cough__coughing (^the act of exhaling air suddenly with a noise^)
< #exhalation ;
#wn00086049|jump__jumping (^the act of jumping; propelling yourself off the ground; "he advanced in a series of jumps"; "the jumping was unexpected"^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00086302|header (^a headlong jump (or fall); "he took a header into the shrubbery"^)
< #jump ;
#wn00086419|hop (^the act of hopping (jumping upward or forward (especially on one foot))^)
< #jump ;
#wn00086540|leaping__leap__spring__saltation__bound__bounce (^a light springing movement upwards or forwards^)
< #jump ;
#wn00086703|vault.jump__hurdle (^the act of vaulting^)
< #jump ;
#wn00086783|jumping_up_and_down (^jumping in one spot (as in excitement); "the wailing and jumping up and down exhausted him"^)
< #jumping ;
#wn00086940|lob (^the act of propelling something (as a ball or shell etc.) in a high arc^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00087061|centering__snap (^(football) putting the ball in play by passing it (between the legs) to a back^)
< #toss ;
#wn00087221|sending (^the act of causing something to go (especially messages)^)
< #causing ;
#wn00087349|transmittal__transmission__transmitting (^the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted^)
< #sending ;
#wn00087556|forwarding (^the act of sending on to another destination; "the forwarding of mail to a new address is done automatically"; "the forwarding of resumes to the personnel department"^)
< #transmittal ;
#wn00087797|referral (^the act of referring (as forwarding an applicant for employment or referring a matter to an appropriate agency)^)
< #forwarding ;
#wn00087981|remitment__remission__remit (^the act of remitting (especially the referral of a law case to another court)^)
< #referral ;
#wn00088134|mailing__posting (^the transmission of a letter; "the postmark indicates the time of mailing"^)
< #transmittal ;
#wn00088272|wheeling__rolling (^propelling something on wheels^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00088367|shooting.actuation__shot (^the act of firing a projectile; "his shooting was slow but accurate"^)
< #actuation ,
p #fire_control ;
#wn00088642|shoot (^the act of shooting at targets; "they hold a shoot every weekend during the summer"^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00088795|countershot (^a return shot; a retaliatory shot^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00088886|firing_off__discharge__firing (^the act of discharging a gun^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00089010|gun.firing_off (^the discharge of a gun as signal or as a salute in military ceremonies; "a twenty gun salute"^)
< #firing_off ;
#wn00089153|fire_control (^preparation for the delivery of shellfire on a target^)
< #readying ;
#wn00089284|gunfire__gunshot (^the act of shooting a gun; "the gunfire endangered innocent bystanders"; "they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire"^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00089491|enfilade_fire__enfilade (^gunfire directed along the length rather than the breadth of a formation^)
< #gunfire ;
#wn00089634|headshot (^a shot aimed at a person's head^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00089720|skeet_shooting__skeet__trapshooting (^the sport of shooting at clay pigeons that are hurled upward in such a way as to simulate the flight of a bird^)
< #shoot ;
#wn00089914|shellfire (^shooting artillery shells^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00089995|gunfight__gunplay__shootout (^a fight involving shooting small arms with the intent to kill or frighten^)
< #fighting ;
#wn00090144|potshot (^a shot taken at an easy or casual target (as by a pothunter)^)
< #shooting.actuation ;
#wn00090258|touch__touching (^the act of putting two things together with no space between them; "at his touch the room filled with lights"^)
< #deed ;
#wn00090718|contact.touch (^the act of touching physically; "her fingers came in contact with the light switch"^)
< #touch ;
#wn00090927|wipe__rub (^the act of rubbing or wiping; "he gave the hood a quick rub"^)
< #contact.touch ;
#wn00091080|scuff (^the act of scuffing (scraping or dragging the feet)^)
< #wipe ;
#wn00091183|dab__tap__pat (^a light touch or stroke^)
< #touch ;
#wn00091268|hitting__hit__striking (^a act of hitting one thing with another; "repeated hitting raised a large bruise"; "after three misses she finally got a hit"^)
< #touch ;
#wn00091626|contusion (^the action of bruising; "the bruise resulted from a contusion"^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00091744|collision.hitting__crash__smash (^the act of colliding with something^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00091869|impingement__impaction (^a sharp collision produced by striking or dashing against something^)
< #collision.hitting ;
#wn00092006|batting (^(in baseball) the batter's attempt to get on base^)
< #effort ;
#wn00092128|fielding (^(in baseball) handling the ball while playing in the field^)
< #handling.touch ;
#wn00092260|catching (^playing the position of catcher on a baseball team^)
< #playing.action ;
#wn00092384|golfing (^playing golf; "he goes south every winter for the golfing"^)
< #playing.action ;
#wn00092496|pitching (^playing the position of pitcher on a baseball team^)
< #playing.action ;
#wn00092620|base_on_balls__walk__pass (^(baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls; "he worked the pitcher for a base on balls"^)
< #achievement ;
#wn00092810|best (^the supreme effort one can make: "they did their best"^)
< #effort ,
! #worst ;
#wn00092933|worst (^the weakest effort or poorest achievement one is capable of: "it was the worst he had ever done on a test"^)
< #effort ,
! #best ;
#wn00093109|fair_ball (^(in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it stays between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field^)
< #contact.touch ,
! #foul_ball ;
#wn00093337|foul_ball (^(in baseball) a ball struck with the bat so that it does not stay between the lines (the foul lines) that define the width of the playing field^)
< #foul ,
! #fair_ball ;
#wn00093573|snick (^a glancing contact with the ball off the edge of the cricket bat^)
< #contact.touch ;
#wn00093708|bunt (^the act of hitting a baseball lightly without swinging the bat^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00093840|fly_ball__fly (^(baseball) a hit that flies high in the air^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00093999|blast (^a long and hard-hit fly ball^)
< #fly_ball ;
#wn00094079|pop_fly (^a short high fly ball^)
< #fly_ball ;
#wn00094154|grounder__ground_ball__hopper (^(baseball) a hit that travels along the ground^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00094333|chopper__chop (^a grounder that bounces high in the air^)
< #grounder ;
#wn00094433|roller (^a grounder that rolls along the infield^)
< #grounder ;
#wn00094525|out (^a failure by a batter or runner to reach a base safely in baseball; "you only get 3 outs per inning"^)
< #failure ;
#wn00094730|putout (^an out resulting from a fielding play (not a strikeout)^)
< #out ;
#wn00094856|strikeout (^an out resulting from the batter getting three strikes^)
< #out ;
#wn00094984|whiff (^a strikeout resulting from the batter swinging at and missing the ball for the third strike^)
< #strikeout ;
#wn00095127|sacrifice (^(in baseball) an out that advances the base runners^)
< #putout ;
#wn00095252|sacrifice_fly (^a sacrifice made by hitting a long fly ball^)
< #sacrifice ;
#wn00095355|hit (^a successful stroke in an athletic contest (especially in baseball); "he came all the way around on Williams' hit"^)
< #deed ;
#wn00095537|base_hit__safety__bingle (^the successful act of striking a baseball in such a way that the batter reaches base safely^)
< #hit ;
#wn00095792|header.hitting (^(soccer) the act of hitting the ball with your head^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00095896|line_drive__liner (^(baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter; "the batter hit a liner to the shortstop"^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00096079|scorcher.hitting__screamer (^a very hard hit ball^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00096165|line-drive_single__line_single (^a single resulting from a line drive^)
< #single ;
#wn00096279|line-drive_double__line_double (^a double resulting from a line drive^)
< #two-base_hit ;
#wn00096393|line-drive_triple__line_triple (^a triple resulting from a line drive^)
< #three-base_hit ;
#wn00096507|plunker__plunk (^the act of hitting a baseball so that it drops suddenly^)
< #hitting ;
#wn00096643|home_run__homer (^a base hit on which the batter scores a run^)
< #base_hit ;
#wn00096767|solo_homer__solo_blast (^a home run with no runners on base^)
< #home_run ;
#wn00096871|single (^a base hit on which the batter stops safely at first base^)
< #base_hit ;
#wn00096999|two-base_hit__double__two-bagger__two-baser (^a base hit on which the batter stops safely at second base; " he hit a double to deep centerfield"^)
< #base_hit ;
#wn00097208|three-base_hit__triple__three-bagger (^a base hit at which the batter stops safely at third base^)
< #base_hit ;
#wn00097368|clip (^a sharp slanting blow; "he gave me a clip on the ear"^)
< #blow ;
#wn00097472|whack__knock__belt__rap__whang (^the act of hitting vigorously; "he gave the table a whack"^)
< #blow ;
#wn00097611|thwack (^a hard blow with a flat object^)
< #blow ;
#wn00097694|smacking__smack__slap (^the act of smacking something; a blow delivered with an open hand^)
< #blow ;
#wn00097847|smacker (^a very powerful blow with the fist^)
< #blow ;
#wn00097935|knockdown (^a blow that knocks the opponent off his feet^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098035|KO__knockout (^a blow that renders the opponent unconscious^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098157|technical_knockout__TKO (^a knockout declared by the referee who judges one boxer unable to continue^)
< #KO ;
#wn00098302|swat (^a sharp blow^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098365|spank (^a slap with the flat of the hand^)
< #smacking ;
#wn00098449|whiplash__whip__lash (^a quick blow with a whip^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098542|poke__punch__lick__biff (^(boxing) a blow with the fist^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098752|box.blow (^a blow with the hand (usually on the ear); "I gave him a good box on the ear"^)
< #blow ;
#wn00098879|dig__jab (^the act of touching someone suddenly with your finger or elbow; "she gave me a sharp dig in the ribs"^)
< #touch ;
#wn00099036|counterpunch__parry__counter (^a return punch^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099127|knockout_punch__haymaker__KO_punch__Sunday_punch (^a hard punch that renders the opponent unable to continue boxing^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099289|hook (^a short swinging punch delivered from the side with the elbow bent^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099424|jab (^a quick short straight punch^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099502|rabbit_punch (^a short chopping blow to the back of the neck^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099606|sucker_punch (^an unexpected punch^)
< #poke ;
#wn00099684|roundhouse (^a hook delivered with an exaggerated swing^)
< #hook ;
#wn00099783|kicking__kick__boot (^the act of delivering a blow with the foot; "he gave the ball a powerful kick"; "the team's kicking was excellent"^)
< #blow ;
#wn00100055|goal-kick (^(Association football) a kick by the defending side after the attacking side sends the ball over the goal-line^)
< #kicking ;
#wn00100221|goal-kick.kicking (^(rugby football) an attempt to kick a goal^)
< #kicking ;
#wn00100319|punting__punt (^(football) kicking in which the football is dropped from the hands and kicked before it touches the ground; "the punt traveled 50 yards"; "punting is an important part of the game"^)
< #kicking ;
#wn00100560|place_kick__place-kicking (^a kick (in soccer or football) in which the ball is placed on the ground before kicking^)
< #kicking ;
#wn00100756|free_kick (^(in soccer) a place kick that is allowed for a foul or infringement by the other team^)
< #place_kick ;
#wn00100915|corner_kick (^a free kick from the corner awarded to the other side when a player has sent the ball behind his own goal line^)
< #free_kick ;
#wn00101083|dropkick (^kicking (as for a field goal) in which the football is dropped and kicked as it touches the ground^)
< #kicking ;
#wn00101236|kiss__brush (^a light glancing touch; "there was a brief kiss of their hands in passing"^)
< #touch ;
#wn00101369|buss__kiss__osculation (^a caress with the lips^)
< #touch ;
#wn00101498|laying_on (^the act of contacting something with your hand; "peonies can be blighted by the laying on of a finger"^)
< #contact.touch ;
#wn00101656|smooch__smack (^an enthusiastic kiss^)
< #buss ;
#wn00101755|smacker.smooch (^a loud kiss^)
< #smooch ;
#wn00101820|soul_kiss__deep_kiss__French_kiss (^an open-mouthed kiss in which your tongue is inserted into the other's mouth^)
< #buss ;
#wn00101978|grab__catch__snatch__snap (^the act of catching an object with the hands; "Mays made the catch with his back to the plate"^)
< #touch ;
#wn00102255|fair_catch (^a catch of a punt on the fly by a defensive player who has signalled that he will not run and so should not be tackled^)
< #grab ;
#wn00102449|interception (^the act of catching a football by a player on the opposing team^)
< #grab ;
#wn00102590|reception (^the act of catching a pass in football; "the tight end made a great reception on the 20 yard line"^)
< #grab ;
#wn00102763|rebound (^the act of securing possession of the rebounding basketball after a missed shot^)
< #grab ;
#wn00102915|shoestring_catch (^(baseball) a running catch made near the ground^)
< #grab ;
#wn00103025|interlock__mesh__meshing__interlocking (^the act of interlocking or meshing; "an interlocking of arms by the police held the crowd in check"^)
< #grab ;
#wn00103212|handling.touch__manipulation (^the action of touching with the hands or the skillful use of the hands^)
< #touch ;
#wn00103370|fingering.touch (^touching something with the fingers^)
< #touch ;
#wn00103461|grope (^the act of groping; and instance of groping^)
< #touch ;
#wn00103556|autopsy__necropsy__postmortem__PM__postmortem_examination (^an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00103771|check-out_procedure__check__checkout (^the act of inspecting or verifying; "they made a check of their equipment"; "the pilot ran through the check-out procedure"^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00103979|medical_checkup__checkup__medical_examination__medical_exam__medical__health_check (^a thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person^)
< #examination.investigating ,
p #ballistocardiogram #electrocardiogram ;
#wn00104265|comparing__comparison (^examining resemblances or differences^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00104443|fine-toothed_comb (^a method of examining in minute detail; "he went over the contract with a fine-toothed comb looking for loopholes"^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00104621|follow-up__reexamination__review (^a second (or subsequent) examination^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00104738|going-over (^a careful and thorough inspection^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00104828|once-over__look-over (^a swift cursory examination or inspection; "I gave him the once-over"^)
< #examination.investigating ;
#wn00104965|palpation__tactual_exploration (^a method of examination in which the examiner feels the size or shape or firmness or location of something (of body parts when the examiner is a health professional)^)
< #examination.investigating #touch ;
#wn00105244|ballottement (^a palpatory technique for feeling a floating object in the body (especially for determining the position of a fetus by feeling the rebound of the fetus after a quick digital tap on the wall of the uterus)^)
< #palpation ;
#wn00105507|tickling__tickle__titillation (^the act of tickling^)
< #touch ;
#wn00105604|stroking__stroke (^a light touch with the hands^)
< #touch ;
#wn00105714|caress (^a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it); "he showered her with caresses"; "soft music was a fond caress"; "the caresses of the breeze played over his face"^)
< #stroking ;
#wn00105942|tag.touch (^touching a player in a game^)
< #touch ;
#wn00106057|joining__connection__connexion (^the act of bringing two things into contact; "the joining of hands around the table"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00106364|intersection (^the act of intersecting (as joining by causing your path to intersect your target's path)^)
< #joining ;
#wn00106512|bringing_close_together__approximation (^the act of bringing near or bringing together especially the cut edges of tissue^)
< #joining ;
#wn00106678|concatenation (^the act of linking together as in a series or chain^)
< #joining ;
#wn00106789|converging__convergence__convergency (^the act of converging (coming closer)^)
< #joining ;
#wn00106929|merging__meeting__coming_together (^the act of joining together as one; "the merging of the two groups occurred quickly"; "there was no meeting of minds"^)
< #converging ;
#wn00107146|concourse.merging__confluence (^a coming together of people^)
< #merging ;
#wn00107242|coming_upon__encounter (^a casual meeting with a person of thing^)
< #joining ;
#wn00107351|articulation.joining (^the act of joining things in such a way that motion is possible^)
< #joining ;
#wn00107473|adjunction__junction (^an act of joining or adjoining things^)
< #joining ;
#wn00107578|fastening__attachment (^the act of fastening things together^)
< #joining ;
#wn00107791|loosening (^the act of making something less tight^)
< #alteration ,
! #tightening ;
#wn00107921|tightening (^the act of making something tighter; "the tightening of economic controls"^)
< #alteration ,
! #loosening ;
#wn00108088|ligation (^tying a duct or blood vessel with a ligature (as in surgery to prevent bleeding)^)
< #tying ;
#wn00108241|tubal_ligation (^a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations^)
< #ligation #surgical_contraception ;
#wn00108448|soldering__bonding (^fastening firmly together^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00108539|doweling (^fastening by dowels^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00108613|grounding__earthing (^fastening electrical equipment to earth^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00108719|linkage (^the act of linking things together^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00108807|tying (^the act of tying things together^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00108909|untying__undoing__unfastening (^loosening the ties that fasten something; "the tying of bow ties is an art; the untying is easy"^)
< #loosening ;
#wn00109083|welding (^fastening two pieces of metal together by softening with heat and applying pressure^)
< #fastening ;
#wn00109238|butt_welding (^creating a butt joint by welding^)
< #welding ;
#wn00109347|flash_welding__flash_butt_welding (^butt welding by creating an electric arc between the two pieces which melts and joins them; used for joining segments of metal pipe^)
< #butt_welding ;
#wn00109559|lick__lap (^touching with the tongue^)
< #touch ;
#wn00109640|shaving__grazing__skimming (^the act of brushing against while passing^)
< #touch ;
#wn00109756|uncovering__discovery__find (^the act of discovering something^)
< #deed ;
#wn00109954|espial__detection__catching__spying__spotting (^the act of detecting something; catching sight of something^)
< #uncovering ;
#wn00110109|self-discovery (^discovering your own individuality^)
< #uncovering ;
#wn00110204|breakthrough (^making an important discovery^)
< #uncovering ;
#wn00110292|determination__finding (^the act of determining the properties of something^)
< #uncovering ;
#wn00110520|rediscovery (^the act of discovering again^)
< #uncovering ;
#wn00110606|designation.determination__identification (^the act of designating or identifying something^)
< #determination ;
#wn00110746|Bertillon_system (^a system or procedure for identifying persons^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00110854|fingerprinting (^the procedure of taking inked impressions of a person's fingerprints for the purpose of identification^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00111017|genetic_profiling__genetic_fingerprinting (^the procedure of analyzing the DNA in samples of a person's body tissue or body fluid for the purpose of identification^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00111225|diagnosis__diagnosing (^identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon^)
< #designation.determination ;
#wn00111398|blood_typing (^determining a person's blood type by serological methods^)
< #diagnosis ;
#wn00111513|medical_diagnosis (^identification a disease from its symptoms^)
< #diagnosis ,
p #diagnostic_procedure ;
#wn00111693|prenatal_diagnosis (^any of the diagnostic procedures used to determine whether a fetus has a genetic abnormality^)
< #diagnostic_procedure ;
#wn00111904|differential_diagnosis (^a systematic method of diagnosing a disorder (e.g., headache) that lacks unique symptoms or signs^)
< #medical_diagnosis ;
#wn00112070|medical_prognosis__prognosis__prospect (^a prediction of the course of a disease^)
< #medical_diagnosis ;
#wn00112196|solving__resolution (^finding a solution to a problem^)
< #determination ;
#wn00112294|validation__proof (^the act of validating; finding or testing the truth of something^)
< #determination ;
#wn00112495|authentication__certification (^validating the authenticity of something or someone^)
< #validation ;
#wn00112623|documentation__support (^documentary validation; "his documentation of the results was excellent"; "the strongest support for this this view is the work of Jones"^)
< #validation ;
#wn00112830|monetization__monetisation (^establishing something (e.g. gold or silver) as the legal tender of a country^)
< #validation ,
! #demonetization ;
#wn00112999|probate (^the act of proving that an instrument purporting to be a will was signed and executed in accord with legal requirements^)
< #validation ;
#wn00113172|demonetization__demonetisation (^ending something (e.g. gold or silver) as no longer the legal tender of a country^)
< #termination ,
! #monetization ;
#wn00113349|falsifying__falsification__disproof__refutation (^the act of determining that something is false^)
< #determination ;
#wn00113492|localization__localisation__location__locating__fix (^a determination of the location of something; "he got a good fix on the target"^)
< #determination ;
#wn00113691|echolocation__echo_sounding (^determining the location of something by measuring the time it takes for an echo to return from it^)
< #localization ;
#wn00113864|redetermination (^determining again^)
< #determination ;
#wn00113943|causing__causation (^the act of causing something to happen^)
< #deed ;
#wn00114137|trigger__induction__initiation (^an act that sets in motion some course of events^)
< #causing ;
#wn00114282|instigation__fomentation (^deliberate and intentional triggering (of trouble or discord)^)
< #trigger ;
#wn00114415|compulsion__coercion (^using force to cause something: "though pressed into rugby under compulsion I began to enjoy the game"; "they didn`t have to use coercion"^)
< #causing ;
#wn00114639|influence (^causing something without any direct or apparent effort^)
< #causing ;
#wn00114876|cross-pollination (^stimulating influence among diverse elements; "the cross-pollination of the arts"^)
< #influence ;
#wn00115021|exposure (^the act of subjecting someone to an influencing experience; "she denounced the exposure of children to pornography"^)
< #influence ;
#wn00115191|impingement.influence__encroachment__impact (^influencing strongly: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture"^)
< #influence ;
#wn00115365|manipulation__use (^exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one's own advantage; "his manipulation of his friends was scandalous"^)
< #influence ;
#wn00115551|hypnotism__mesmerism__suggestion (^the act of inducing hypnosis^)
< #influence ;
#wn00115660|inducing__inducement (^act of bringing about a desired result: "inducement of sleep"^)
< #causing ;
#wn00115789|persuasion (^inducement by argument or reasoning or entreaty^)
< #influence ,
! #dissuasion ;
#wn00115911|enticement__temptation (^the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire; "his enticements were shameless"^)
< #influence ;
#wn00116154|wheedling__blandishment (^the act of urging by means of teasing or flattery^)
< #enticement ;
#wn00116274|invitation.enticement (^the act of enticing or alluring; "she was an invitation to trouble"^)
< #enticement ;
#wn00116398|leading_astray__leading_off (^the act of enticing others into sinful ways^)
< #enticement ;
#wn00116516|seduction (^enticing someone astray from right behavior^)
< #enticement ;
#wn00116615|seduction.success__conquest (^an act of winning the love of someone^)
< #success ;
#wn00116737|sexual_conquest__score (^a seduction culminating in sexual intercourse; "calling his seduction of the girl a `score' was a typical example of male slang"^)
< #seduction.success ;
#wn00116935|solicitation.enticement__allurement (^the act of enticing a person to do something wrong (as an offer of sex in return for money)^)
< #enticement ;
#wn00117098|dissuasion (^deterrence by argument or reasoning or entreaty^)
< #deterrence ,
! #persuasion ;
#wn00117220|choice.action__selection__option__pick (^the act of choosing or selecting; "your choice of colors was unfortunate"; "you can take your pick"^)
< #action ;
#wn00117508|casting (^the choice of actors to play particular roles in a play or movie^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00117626|sampling (^(statistics) the selection of a suitable sample for study^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00117774|random_sampling (^the selection of a random sample; each element of the population has an equal chance of been selected^)
< #sampling ;
#wn00117937|stratified_sampling__representative_sampling__proportional_sampling (^the population is divided into subpopulations (strata) and random samples are taken of each stratum^)
< #sampling ;
#wn00118152|decision__determination__conclusion (^the act of making up your mind about something; "the burden of decision was his"; "he drew his conclusions quickly"^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00118441|willing__volition (^the act of making a choice; "followed my father of my own volition"^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00118591|intention (^an act of intending; a volition that you intend to carry out; "my intention changed once I saw her"^)
< #willing ;
#wn00118746|volte-face__about-face__reversal__policy_change (^a reversal in attitude or principle or point of view: "an about-face on foreign policy"^)
< #change ;
#wn00118948|appointment__assignment__designation__naming (^the act of putting a person into a non-elective position; "the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee"^)
< #decision ;
#wn00119231|nomination (^the act of naming a candidate^)
< #appointment ;
#wn00119317|assigning__assignment (^the act of distributing something to designated places or persons; "the first task is the assignment of an address to each datum"^)
< #distribution ;
#wn00119533|allocation (^(computer science) the assignment of particular areas of a magnetic disk to particular data or instructions^)
< #assigning ;
#wn00119697|call.decision (^(sports) the decision made by an umpire or referee; "he was ejected for protesting the call"^)
< #decision ;
#wn00119840|co-option__co-optation (^the act of appointing summarily (with or without the appointee's consent)^)
< #appointment ;
#wn00119983|delegacy (^the appointment of a delegate^)
< #appointment ;
#wn00120067|ordination__ordinance (^the act of ordaining; "the priest's family was present for his ordination"^)
< #appointment ;
#wn00120247|laying_on_of_hands (^laying hands on a person's head to invoke spiritual blessing in Christian ordination^)
< #ordination ;
#wn00120396|move.decision (^the act of deciding to do something; "he didn't make a move to help"; "his first move was to hire a lawyer"^)
< #decision ;
#wn00120590|move.turn (^(games) a player's turn to move a piece or take some other permitted action^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00120734|chess_move (^the act of moving a chess piece^)
< #move.turn ;
#wn00120931|castling__castle (^interchanging the positions of the king and a rook^)
< #chess_move ;
#wn00121045|capture (^the removal of an opponent's piece from the chess board^)
< #chess_move ;
#wn00121154|check (^(chess) a direct attack on an opponent's king^)
< #chess_move ;
#wn00121269|discovered_check (^a check on the opponent's king that is delivered by moving a piece out of the line of attack by a queen or rook or bishop^)
< #check ;
#wn00121453|checkmate.chess_move__mate (^a chess move constituting an inescapable and indefensible attack on the opponent's king^)
< #chess_move ;
#wn00121603|gambit (^a chess move early in the game in which the player sacrifices minor pieces in order to obtain an advantageous position^)
< #chess_move ;
#wn00121774|demarche (^a move or step or maneuver in political or diplomatic affairs^)
< #move.decision ;
#wn00121890|tactical_maneuver__maneuver__manoeuvre__tactical_manoeuvre (^a move made to gain a tactical end^)
< #move.decision ;
#wn00122140|parking.maneuver (^the act of maneuvering a vehicle into a location where it can be left temporarily^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00122275|relocation__move (^the act of changing your residence or place of business; "they say that three moves equal one fire"^)
< #change ;
#wn00122456|flit (^(British) a secret move (to avoid paying debts); "they did a moonlight flit"^)
< #relocation ;
#wn00122583|bank.flight_maneuver (^a flight maneuver; aircraft tips laterally about its longitudinal axis (especially in turning); "the plane went into a steep bank"^)
< #flight_maneuver ;
#wn00122782|vertical_bank (^a bank so steep that the plane's lateral axis approaches the vertical^)
< #bank.flight_maneuver ;
#wn00122911|loop (^a flight maneuver; aircraft flies a complete circle in the vertical plane^)
< #flight_maneuver ;
#wn00123035|roll.flight_maneuver (^a flight maneuver; aircraft rotates about its longitudinal axis without changing direction or losing altitude^)
< #flight_maneuver ;
#wn00123231|barrel_roll (^a roll in which the plane follows a spiral course^)
< #roll.flight_maneuver ;
#wn00123338|snap_roll (^a fast roll^)
< #roll.flight_maneuver ;
#wn00123405|sideslip__slip (^a flight maneuver; aircraft slides sideways in the air^)
< #flight_maneuver ;
#wn00123521|flight_maneuver__airplane_maneuver (^an evasive maneuver by an aircraft^)
< #evasive_action ;
#wn00123709|straight-arm (^(football) the act of warding off a tackler by holding the arm fully extended with the hand against the opponent^)
< #evasive_action ;
#wn00123880|gimmick__device__twist (^any clever (deceptive) maneuver; "he would stoop to any device to win a point"^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00124047|fast_one__trick (^a cunning or deceitful action or device; "he played a trick on me"; "he pulled a fast one and got away with it"^)
< #gimmick ;
#wn00124221|feint (^any distracting maneuver (as a mock attack)^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00124316|ploy__gambit__stratagem (^a maneuver in a game or conversation^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00124424|ruse__artifice (^a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00124536|means.effectuation__agency__way (^how a result is obtained or an end is achieved; "a means of control"; "an example is the best agency of instruction"; "the true way to success"^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00124962|dint (^interchangeable with `means' in the expression `by dint of'^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00125072|escape.means (^a means or way of escaping; "hard work was his escape from worry"; "they installed a second hatch as an escape"; "their escape route"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00125258|instrument.means__tool (^the means whereby some act is accomplished; "my greed was the instrument of my destruction"; "science has given us new tools to fight disease"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00125464|road (^a way or means to achieve something; "the road to fame"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00125588|royal_road (^an auspicious way or means to achieve something: "the royal road to success"^)
< #road ;
#wn00125721|stepping_stone (^any means of advancement; "the job was just a stepping stone on his way to fame and riches"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00125873|measure.tactical_maneuver__step (^any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; "the situation called for strong measures"; "the police took steps to reduce crime"^)
< #tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00126124|countermeasure (^an action taken to offset another action^)
< #measure.tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00126243|bear_hug (^a takeover bid so attractive that the directors of the target company must approve it or risk shareholder protest^)
< #takeover_attempt ;
#wn00126411|proxy_fight (^a measure used by an acquirer to gain control of a takeover target; acquirer tries to persuade other shareholders that the management of the target should be replaced^)
< #takeover_attempt ;
#wn00126635|leveraged_buyout (^a buyout using borrowed money; the target company's assets are usually security for the loan^)
< #buyout ;
#wn00126808|bust-up_takeover (^a leveraged buyout in which the target company's assets are sold to repay the loan that financed the takeover^)
< #leveraged_buyout ;
#wn00126980|shark_repellent__porcupine_provision (^a measure undertaken by a corporation to discourage unwanted takeover attempts^)
< #measure.tactical_maneuver ;
#wn00127250|golden_parachute (^giving top executives lucrative benefits that must be paid by the acquirer if they are discharged after a takeover^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00127427|greenmail (^paying the raider to give up a takeover attempt (as by an extravagant buyback of the stock they hold in your corporation)^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00127604|pac-man_strategy (^the target company defends itself by threatening to take over its acquirer^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00127741|poison_pill (^the target company defends itself by making its stock less attractive to an acquirer^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00127901|suicide_pill (^a poison pill with potentially catastrophic implications for the company it is intended to protect^)
< #poison_pill ;
#wn00128058|safe_harbor (^the target company defends itself by acquiring a company so onerously regulated that it makes the target less attractive (gives it a safe harbor)^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00128261|scorched-earth_policy (^the target company defends itself by selling off its crown jewels^)
< #shark_repellent ;
#wn00128394|diagnostic_procedure__diagnostic_technique (^a procedure followed in making a medical diagnosis^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00128697|expedient (^a means to an end; not necessarily a principled or ethical one^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00128887|emergency_procedure (^a procedure adopted to meet an emergency (especially a medical emergency)^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00129098|experimental_procedure (^the specific techniques used in conducting a particular experiment^)
< #procedure.activity ;
#wn00129251|double-blind_procedure__double-blind_experiment__double-blind_study (^an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment; a double-blind procedure is used to guard against both experimenter bias and placebo effects^)
< #experimental_procedure ;
#wn00129623|makeshift__stopgap (^something contrived to meet an urgent need or emergency^)
< #expedient ;
#wn00129744|crutch (^anything that serves as an expedient; "he uses drugs as a psychological crutch"^)
< #expedient ;
#wn00129876|improvisation__temporary_expedient (^an unplanned expedient^)
< #expedient ;
#wn00129980|pis_aller__last_resort (^French for `worst going'^)
< #expedient ;
#wn00130074|desperate_measure (^desperate actions taken as a means to an end; "he had to resort to desperate measures"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130224|open_sesame (^any very successful means of achieving a result^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130329|salvation (^a means of preserving from harm or unpleasantness; "tourism was their economic salvation"; "they turned to individualism as their salvation"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130525|tooth.means (^a means of enforcement; "the treaty had no teeth in it"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130632|voice.means (^a means or agency by which something is expressed or communicated; "the voice of the law"; "the Times is not the voice of New York"; "conservatism has many voices"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130847|wings (^a means of flight or ascent; "necessity lends wings to inspiration"^)
< #means.effectuation ;
#wn00130966|casting_lots__drawing_lots__sortition (^making a chance decision by using lots (straws or pebbles etc.) that are thrown or drawn^)
< #decision ;
#wn00131140|resolution.action (^$(".action" added)$ a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner; "he always wrote down his New Year's resolutions"^)
< #decision ;
#wn00131307|espousal__adoption__acceptance (^the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception; "its adoption by society"; "the proposal found wide acceptance"^)
< #approving ;
#wn00131524|embrace.espousal__bosom (^a close affectionate and protective acceptance; "his willing embrace of new ideas"; "in the bosom of the family"^)
< #espousal ;
#wn00131698|election.choice (^the act of selecting someone; "many candidates ran for election"^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00131835|co-optation__co-option (^the selection of a new member (usually by a vote of the existing membership)^)
< #election.choice ;
#wn00131981|reelection (^election again; "he did not run for reelection"^)
< #election ;
#wn00132085|plebiscite (^a vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance^)
< #vote ;
#wn00132230|referendum (^a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate^)
< #vote ;
#wn00132371|election (^a vote to select the winner of a political office^)
< #vote ;
#wn00132565|vote (^the opinion of a group as determined by voting; "they put the question to a vote"^)
< #group_action ;
#wn00132751|general_election (^a national or state election; candidates are chosen in all constituencies^)
< #election ;
#wn00132887|primary_election__primary (^a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen^)
< #election ;
#wn00133039|direct_primary (^a primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office^)
< #primary_election ;
#wn00133213|closed_primary (^a primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote; "closed primaries strengthen party unity"^)
< #direct_primary ;
#wn00133400|open_primary (^a primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party)^)
< #direct_primary ;
#wn00133556|by_election__bye_election (^a special election between regular elections^)
< #election ;
#wn00133673|runoff (^a final election to resolve an earlier election that did not produce a winner^)
< #election ;
#wn00133803|voting__vote__ballot__balloting (^a choice that is made by voting; "there were only 17 votes in favor of the motion"^)
< #choice.action ;
#wn00134092|block_vote (^a vote proportional in magnitude to the number of people that a delegate represents^)
< #voting ;
#wn00134232|secret_ballot (^a vote in which each person's choice is secret by the totaled votes are public^)
< #voting ;
#wn00134370|split_ticket (^a ballot cast by a voter who votes for candidates from more than one party^)
< #voting ,
! #straight_ticket ;
#wn00134521|straight_ticket (^a ballot cast by a voter who votes for all the candidates of one party^)
< #voting ,
! #split_ticket ;
#wn00134671|multiple_voting (^voting in more than one place by the same person at the same election (illegal in U.S.)^)
< #voting ;
#wn00134820|casting_vote (^the deciding vote cast by the presiding officer to resolve a tie^)
< #voting ;
#wn00134943|equalization__equalisation__leveling (^the act of making equal or uniform^)
< #deed ;
#wn00135098|balancing__reconciliation (^getting two things to correspond; "the reconciliation of his checkbook and the bank statement"^)
< #equalization ;
#wn00135265|equating__equation (^the act of regarding as equal^)
< #equalization ;
#wn00135360|exhumation__disinterment__digging_up (^the act of digging up something (especially a corpse) that has been buried^)
< #deed ;
#wn00135519|obstetrical_delivery__delivery (^the act of delivering a child^)
< #deed ;
#wn00135717|breech_delivery__breech_birth__breech_presentation (^delivery of an infant whose feet or buttocks appear first^)
< #obstetrical_delivery ;
#wn00135891|frank_breech_delivery__frank_breech (^position of a fetus in which the buttocks are present at the maternal pelvic outlet^)
< #breech_delivery ;
#wn00136057|cesarean_delivery__caesarean_delivery__cesarean_section__cesarian_section__caesarean_section__C-section__cesarean__cesarian__caesarean__abdominal_delivery (^the delivery of a fetus by surgical incision through the abdominal wall and uterus (from the belief that Julius Caesar was born that way)^)
< #obstetrical_delivery ,
p #hysterotomy ;
#wn00136423|forceps_delivery (^delivery in which forceps are inserted through the vagina and used to grasp the head of the fetus and pull it through the birth canal; since the forceps can injure the fetus this procedure has generally given way to cesarean deliveries^)
< #obstetrical_delivery ;
#wn00136721|midwifery (^assisting women at childbirth^)
< #obstetrical_delivery ;
#wn00136806|score (^the act of scoring in a game or sport; "the winning score came with less than a minute left to play"^)
< #success ;
#wn00137210|bowling_score (^the score in a bowling match^)
< #score.number ;
#wn00137298|bull's_eye (^in target shooting: a score made by hitting the center of the target; "in repeated sets of five shots his numbers of bull's-eyes varied"^)
< #score ;
#wn00137491|goal (^a successful attempt at scoring; "the winning goal came with less than a minute left to play"^)
< #score ;
#wn00137635|ten-strike__strike (^a score in tenpins: knocking down all ten with the first ball; "he finished with three strikes in the tenth frame"^)
< #score ;
#wn00137815|spare (^a score in tenpins; knocking down all ten after rolling two balls^)
< #score ;
#wn00137932|open_frame__break (^any frame in which a bowler fails to make a strike or spare; "the break in the eighth frame cost him the match"^)
< #score ;
#wn00138108|football_score (^the score in a football game^)
< #score.number ;
#wn00138197|touchback (^(American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone^)
< #football_play ;
#wn00138349|safety (^a score in American football; a player is tackled behind his own goal line^)
< #score ;
#wn00138476|touchdown (^a score in American football; being in possession of the ball across the opponents' goal line^)
< #score ;
#wn00138625|field_goal (^a score in American football; a score made by kicking the ball between the opponents' goal posts^)
< #score ;
#wn00138778|conversion (^a successful free throw or try for point after a touchdown^)
< #score ;
#wn00138911|point_after__extra_point (^a score in American football made on a try for points after a touchdown^)
< #conversion ;
#wn00139054|baseball_score (^the score of a baseball game^)
< #score.number ;
#wn00139143|tally__run (^a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely; "the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th" or "their first tally came in the 3rd inning"^)
< #score ;
#wn00139422|earned_run (^a run that was not scored as the result of an error by the other team^)
< #tally ,
! #unearned_run ;
#wn00139566|unearned_run (^a run that was scored as a result of an error by the other team^)
< #tally ,
! #earned_run ;
#wn00139706|run_batted_in__rbi (^a run that is the result of the batter's performance; "he had more than 100 rbi last season"^)
< #tally ;
#wn00139864|basketball_score (^the score in a basketball game^)
< #score.number ;
#wn00139957|basket__field_goal (^a score in basketball made by throwing the ball through the hoop^)
< #score ;
#wn00140087|hat_trick (^three consecutive scores by one player or three scores in one game (as in cricket or ice hockey etc.)^)
< #score ;
#wn00140244|solution.act (^the successful action of solving a problem; "the solution took three hours"^)
< #success ;
#wn00140374|stunt (^a difficult or unusual or dangerous feat; usually done to gain attention^)
< #deed ;
#wn00140534|Russian_roulette (^a stunt in which you spin the cylinder of a revolver that is loaded with only one bullet and then point the muzzle at your head and pull the trigger^)
< #stunt ;
#wn00140745|change (^$(many specializations)$ the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"^)
< #action ;
#wn00141367|filtration (^the act of changing a fluid by passing it through a filter^)
< #change ;
#wn00141500|percolation (^the filtration of a liquid for extraction or purification^)
< #filtration ;
#wn00141615|reduction__simplification (^the act of reducing complexity^)
< #change ;
#wn00141718|economy.action__saving (^an act of economizing; reduction in cost; "it was a small economy to walk to work every day" or "there was a saving of 50 cents"^)
< #action ;
#wn00141945|downsizing__retrenchment__curtailment (^the reduction of expenditures in order to become financial stable^)
< #economy.action ;
#wn00142096|economies_of_scale (^reduction in cost of production due to a large number of items produced^)
< #economy.action ;
#wn00142232|accommodation (^(physiology) the automatic adjustment in focal length of the lens of the eye^)
< #alteration ;
#wn00142422|adaptation (^(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)^)
< #alteration ;
#wn00142619|dark_adaptation (^the process of adjusting the eyes to low levels of illumination; cones adapt first; rods continue to adapt for up to four hours^)
< #adaptation ;
#wn00142808|light_adaptation (^the process of adjusting the eyes to relatively high levels of illumination; the pupil constricts and the cones system is operative^)
< #adaptation ;
#wn00143002|take-up (^the action of taking up as by tightening or absorption or reeling in^)
< #tightening ;
#wn00143124|readjustment (^the act of adjusting again (to changed circumstances)^)
< #accommodation ;
#wn00143236|domestication (^accommodation to domestic life; "her explorer husband resisted all her attempts at domestication"^)
< #accommodation ;
#wn00143393|decimalization__decimalisation (^the act of changing to a decimal system; "the decimalization of British currency"^)
< #change ;
#wn00143552|metrification__metrication (^the act of changing from imperial units of measurement to metric units: meters, grams, seconds^)
< #change ;
#wn00143720|habituation (^a general accommodation to unchanging environmental conditions^)
< #accommodation ;
#wn00143840|variation__variance (^an activity that varies from a norm or standard; "any variation in his routine was immediately reported"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00144011|turning (^act of changing in practice or custom: "the law took many turnings over the years"^)
< #change ;
#wn00144147|diversification__variegation (^the act of diversifying (introducing variety); "my broker recommended a greater diversification of my investments"^)
< #change ;
#wn00144337|flux (^in constant change: "his opinions are in flux"^)
< #change ;
#wn00144434|switching__switch__shift (^the act of changing one thing or position for another; "his switch on abortion cost him the election"^)
< #change ;
#wn00144626|switcheroo (^a sudden unexpected switch^)
< #switching ;
#wn00144709|substitution__exchange (^the act of putting one one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help^)
< #change ;
#wn00144989|novation (^(law) the replacement of one obligation by another by mutual agreement of both parties; usually the replacement of one of the original parties to a contract with the consent of the remaining party^)
< #replacing ;
#wn00145240|pitching_change (^replacing a pitcher in baseball^)
< #replacing ;
#wn00145333|supersedure__supersession (^act of replacing one person or thing by another especially one held to be superior^)
< #replacing ;
#wn00145488|supplanting__displacement (^act of taking the place of another especially using underhanded tactics^)
< #replacing ;
#wn00145632|commutation (^the substitution of one method of payment for another^)
< #substitution ;
#wn00145743|replacing__replacement (^the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; "replacing the star will not be easy"^)
< #substitution ;
#wn00145999|subrogation (^(law) the act of substituting of one creditor for another^)
< #substitution ;
#wn00146114|weaning__ablactation (^the act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal^)
< #substitution ;
#wn00146277|promotion (^act of raising in rank or position^)
< #change ,
! #demotion ;
#wn00146421|preferment__recognition (^the act of preferring; "the preferment went to the younger candidate"^)
< #promotion ;
#wn00146561|demotion (^act of lowering in rank or position^)
< #change ,
! #promotion ;
#wn00146669|change_of_state (^the act of changing something into something different in essential characteristics^)
< #change ;
#wn00147246|alteration__modification__adjustment (^the act of making something different (as e.g. the size of a garment)^)
< #change ;
#wn00147490|distraction (^the act of distracting; drawing someone's attention away from something^)
< #revision ;
#wn00147619|aeration (^the act of charging a liquid with a gas making it effervescent^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00147736|qualification (^the act of modification or changing the strength of some idea; "his new position involves a qualification of his party's platform"^)
< #alteration ;
#wn00147926|passage__transition (^the act of passing from one state or place to the next^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00148065|fossilization__fossilisation (^becoming inflexible or out of date^)
< #passage ;
#wn00148175|meddling__tampering (^the act of altering something secretly or improperly^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00148294|transfer__transference (^the act of transfering something from one form to another; "the transfer of the music from record to tape suppressed much of the background noise"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00148510|forbiddance__prohibition__inhibition (^the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof); "they were restrained by a prohibition in their charter"; "a medical inhibition of alcoholic beverages"; "he ignored his parents' forbiddance"^)
< #action ;
#wn00148817|resistance.action__opposition (^the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with; "he encountered a general feeling of resistance from many citizens"; "despite opposition from the newspapers he went ahead"^)
< #action ;
#wn00149135|lockout (^a management action resisting employee's demands; employees are barred from entering the workplace until they agree to terms^)
< #resistance.action ;
#wn00149313|reaction.resistance (^doing something in opposition to another way of doing it that you don't like; "his style of painting was a reaction against cubism"^)
< #resistance.action ;
#wn00149517|backlash (^an adverse reaction to some political or social occurrence; "there was a backlash of intolerance"^)
< #reaction.resistance ;
#wn00149687|whitelash__white_backlash (^backlash by white racists against black civil rights advances^)
< #backlash ;
#wn00149821|rejection (^the act of rejecting something; "his proposals were met with rejection"^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00150074|brush-off (^a curt or disdainful rejection^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00150160|avoidance__turning_away__shunning__dodging (^deliberately avoiding; keeping away from or preventing from happening^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00150357|aversion__averting (^the act of turning yourself (or your gaze) away; "averting her gaze meant that she was angry"^)
< #avoidance ;
#wn00150516|escape.avoidance (^an avoidance of danger or difficulty; "that was a narrow escape"^)
< #avoidance ;
#wn00150633|forsaking__abandonment__desertion (^the act of giving something up^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00150799|exposure.forsaking (^abandoning without shelter or protection (as by leaving as infant out in the open)^)
< #forsaking ;
#wn00150936|apostasy__tergiversation (^the act of abandoning a party or cause^)
< #forsaking ;
#wn00151046|bolt (^a sudden abandonment (as from a political party)^)
< #forsaking ;
#wn00151145|forgoing__renunciation__forswearing (^the act of renouncing^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00151286|nonacceptance__turndown (^the act of refusing an offer; "the turndown was polite but very firm"^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00151426|giving_up__forsaking (^the act of forsaking^)
< #forgoing ;
#wn00151514|self-abnegation__abnegation__denial__self-denial__self-renunciation (^renunciation of your own interests in favor of the interests of others^)
< #forgoing ;
#wn00151702|forfeit__forfeiture__sacrifice (^the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.^)
< #human_action ;
#wn00151887|boycott (^a group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies^)
< #protest.resistance ;
#wn00152041|banishment__proscription (^rejection by means of an act of banishing or proscribing someone^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00152285|disbarment (^the act of expelling a lawyer from the practice of law^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00152396|ejection__exclusion__expulsion__riddance (^the act of expelling someone^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00152568|ostracism (^the act of excluding someone from society by general consent^)
< #ejection ;
#wn00152684|barring__blackball (^the act of excluding someone by a negative vote or veto^)
< #ejection ;
#wn00152805|deportation__exile__expatriation (^the act of expelling a person from their native land^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00152938|excommunication (^the act of banishing a member of the Church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the Church^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00153108|relegation (^mild banishment; consignment to an inferior position; "he has been relegated to a post in Siberia"^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00153263|rustication (^banishment into the country^)
< #banishment ;
#wn00153348|ousting__ouster (^the act of ejecting someone or forcing them out^)
< #ejection ;
#wn00153476|dethronement__deposition (^the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office^)
< #ousting ;
#wn00153629|temporary_removal__suspension (^a temporary debarment (from a privilege or position etc)^)
< #debarment ;
#wn00153780|rustication.temporary_removal (^(British) temporary dismissal of a student from a university^)
< #temporary_removal ;
#wn00153898|displacement (^act of removing from office or employment^)
< #rejection ;
#wn00153998|veto (^a vote that blocks a decision^)
< #voting ;
#wn00154096|pocket_veto (^indirect veto of legislation by refusing to sign it^)
< #veto ;
#wn00154205|termination__ending__conclusion (^the act of ending something; "the termination of the agreement"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00154708|finish.windup__finishing (^the act of finishing; "his best finish in a major tournament was third"; "the speaker's finishing was greeted with applause"^)
< #windup ,
! #commencement ;
#wn00154933|finale__close__closing_curtain__finis (^the concluding part of any performance^)
< #finish.windup ;
#wn00155058|tone_ending__release (^(music) the act or manner of terminating a musical phrase or tone^)
< #termination ;
#wn00155209|windup__completion__culmination__closing__mop_up (^a concluding action^)
< #termination ;
#wn00155399|finalization__finalisation (^the act of finalizing^)
< #windup ;
#wn00155494|follow-through (^carrying something to full completion; "I appreciated his follow-through on his promise"^)
< #windup ;
#wn00155643|graduation (^the successful completion of a program of study^)
< #windup ;
#wn00155747|retirement (^withdrawal from your position or occupation^)
< #termination ;
#wn00155883|hibernation (^the act of retiring into inactivity; "he emerged from his hibernation to make his first appearance in several years"^)
< #retirement ;
#wn00156057|rustication.retirement (^the action of retiring to and living in the country^)
< #retirement ;
#wn00156166|swan_song__last_hurrah (^a final performance or effort (especially before retirement)^)
< #performance ;
#wn00156296|relinquishment__relinquishing (^the act of relinquishing^)
< #termination ;
#wn00156451|cession__ceding (^the act of ceding^)
< #relinquishment ;
#wn00156549|handover (^act of relinquishing property or authority etc: "the handover of occupied territory"^)
< #relinquishment ;
#wn00156688|surrender (^the delivery of a principal into lawful custody^)
< #legal_transfer ;
#wn00156809|extradition (^the surrender of an accused or convicted person by one state or country to another (usually under the provisions of a statute or treaty)^)
< #surrender ;
#wn00157003|waiver__release__discharge (^a formal written statement of relinquishment^)
< #relinquishment ;
#wn00157140|granting_immunity__exemption__immunity (^an act exempting someone; "he was granted immunity from prosecution"^)
< #waiver ;
#wn00157313|fix (^an exemption granted after influence (e.g., money) is brought to bear; "collusion resulted in tax fixes for gamblers"^)
< #granting_immunity ;
#wn00157480|dissolution__breakup (^the termination of a relationship^)
< #termination ;
#wn00157599|overthrow (^the termination of a ruler or institution (especially by force)^)
< #termination ;
#wn00157736|subversive_activity__subversion (^the act of subverting; as overthrowing or destroying a legally constituted government^)
< #overthrow ;
#wn00157900|adjournment.termination__dissolution (^the termination of a meeting^)
< #termination ;
#wn00158000|dismission__dismissal__discharge__firing__liberation__release__sack__sacking (^the termination of someone's employment (leaving them free to depart)^)
< #termination ;
#wn00158289|conge (^an abrupt and unceremonious dismissal^)
< #dismission ;
#wn00158378|removal.dismission (^dismissal from office^)
< #dismission ;
#wn00158453|destruction__devastation (^termination by an act of destruction^)
< #termination ;
#wn00158777|disaster (^an act that has disastrous consequences^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00158871|kill (^the destruction of an enemy plane or ship or tank or missile; "the pilot reported two kills during the mission"^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00159033|laying_waste__ruin__ruining__ruination__wrecking (^destruction achieved by wrecking something^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00159174|razing__leveling__tearing_down__demolishing (^complete destruction of a building^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00159301|obliteration__annihilation (^destruction by annihilating something^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00159466|decimation (^destroying or killing a great proportion of the population (literally every tenth person)^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00159612|atomization__atomisation (^annihilation by reducing something to atoms^)
< #obliteration ;
#wn00159727|pulverization__pulverisation (^annihilation by pulverizing something^)
< #obliteration ;
#wn00159840|vaporization__vaporisation (^annihilation by vaporizing something^)
< #obliteration ;
#wn00159950|killing__kill__putting_to_death (^the act of terminating a life^)
< #termination ;
#wn00160419|deathblow__coup_de_grace (^the blow that kills (usually mercifully)^)
< #killing ;
#wn00160531|death.killing (^the act of killing; "he had two deaths on his conscience"^)
< #killing ;
#wn00160640|euthanasia__mercy_killing (^the act of killing someone painlessly (especially someone suffering from an incurable illness)^)
< #killing ;
#wn00160807|manslaughter (^unlawful killing of a human being without malice^)
< #killing ;
#wn00160932|murder__homicide__slaying (^unlawful premeditated killing of a human being^)
< #killing ;
#wn00161268|bloodshed__blood__gore (^the shedding of blood resulting in murder; "he avenged the blood of his kinsmen"^)
< #murder ;
#wn00161419|chance-medley (^unpremeditated killing of a human being in self defense^)
< #manslaughter ;
#wn00161534|parricide (^murder of your own parents^)
< #murder ;
#wn00161652|matricide (^murder of your mother^)
< #parricide ;
#wn00161729|patricide (^murder of your father^)
< #parricide ;
#wn00161806|dispatch__despatch (^the murder or execution of someone^)
< #killing ;
#wn00161906|fell (^the act of felling something (as a tree)^)
< #killing ;
#wn00161997|immolation (^killing as a sacrificial act^)
< #killing ;
#wn00162082|self-annihilation__suicide__self-destruction (^the act of killing yourself^)
< #killing ;
#wn00162274|self-destruction (^the act of destroying yourself; "his insistence was pure self-destruction"^)
< #destruction ;
#wn00162411|assisted_suicide (^suicide of a terminally ill person that involves an assistant who serves to make dying as painless and dignified as possible^)
< #self-annihilation ;
#wn00162598|felo-de-se (^an act of deliberate self destruction^)
< #self-annihilation ;
#wn00162692|harakiri__hara-kiri__harikari (^(Japan) ritual suicide by self-disembowelment on a sword; practiced by warriors in the traditional Japanese society^)
< #self-annihilation ;
#wn00162885|suttee (^the act of a Hindu widow willingly cremating herself on the funeral pyre of her dead husband^)
< #self-annihilation ;
#wn00163030|elimination.murder__liquidation (^the murder of a competitor^)
< #murder ;
#wn00163128|slaughter (^the killing of animals (as for food)^)
< #killing ;
#wn00163239|carnage__slaughter__butchery (^the savage and excessive killing of people^)
< #murder ;
#wn00163376|bloodbath__bloodletting__bloodshed__battue (^indiscriminate slaughter^)
< #carnage ;
#wn00163492|lynching (^putting to death by mob action without due process of law^)
< #killing ;
#wn00163604|poisoning (^killing by the administration of poison^)
< #killing ;
#wn00163717|gassing (^the deliberate act of poisoning someone with gas^)
< #poisoning ;
#wn00163819|regicide (^the act of killing a king^)
< #killing ;
#wn00163899|shooting (^killing by gunfire; "when the shooting stopped there were three dead bodies"^)
< #killing ;
#wn00164066|drive-by_shooting (^shooting someone from a car as it is driven past the victim^)
< #shooting ;
#wn00164189|wing_shooting (^shooting game birds that are flying (on the wing)^)
< #shooting ;
#wn00164298|suffocation__asphyxiation (^killing by depriving of oxygen^)
< #killing ;
#wn00164419|strangling__choking__strangulation__throttling (^the act of suffocating by constricting the windpipe; "no evidence that the choking was done by the accused"^)
< #suffocation ;
#wn00164622|spasm (^(pathology) sudden constriction of a hollow organ (as a blood vessel)^)
< #constriction ;
#wn00164815|bronchospasm (^a spasm of the bronchi that makes exhalation difficult and noisy; associated with asthma and bronchitis^)
< #spasm ;
#wn00165015|cardiospasm (^a spasm of the cardiac sphincter (between the esophagus and the stomach); if the cardiac sphincter does not relax during swallowing the passage of food into the stomach is obstructed^)
< #spasm ;
#wn00165255|retch__heave (^an involuntary spasm of ineffectual vomiting; "a bad case of the heaves"^)
< #spasm ;
#wn00165387|laryngismus (^laryngeal spasm caused by the sudden contraction of laryngeal muscles^)
< #spasm ;
#wn00165514|strangulation (^(pathology) constriction of a body part so as to cut off the flow of blood or other fluid: "strangulation of the intestine"^)
< #constriction ;
#wn00165697|ritual_killing__sacrifice (^the act of killing (an animal or person) in order to propitiate a deity^)
< #killing ;
#wn00165877|hecatomb (^a great sacrifice; an ancient Greek or Roman sacrifice of 100 oxen^)
< #ritual_killing ;
#wn00165998|immolation.ritual_killing (^to kill as a sacrifice by fire^)
< #ritual_killing ;
#wn00166085|electrocution (^killing by electric shock^)
< #killing ;
#wn00166170|decapitation__beheading (^killing by cutting off the head^)
< #killing ;
#wn00166272|abolition__abolishment (^the act of abolishing^)
< #termination ;
#wn00166363|liquidation__settlement (^terminating a business operation^)
< #termination ;
#wn00166484|viaticus_settlement__viatical_settlement (^sale of an insurance policy by a terminally ill policy holder^)
< #liquidation ;
#wn00166633|drug_withdrawal__withdrawal (^the termination of drug taking^)
< #termination ;
#wn00166756|cold_turkey (^complete and abrupt withdrawal of all addictive drugs on which you have become dependent^)
< #drug_withdrawal ;
#wn00166902|closedown__closure__closing__shutdown (^termination of operations^)
< #termination ;
#wn00167068|plant_closing (^act of shutting down operation of a plant^)
< #closedown ;
#wn00167169|bank_closing (^act of closing down a bank because of a fiscal emergency or failure^)
< #closedown ;
#wn00167295|layoff (^the act of laying off an employee or a work force^)
< #closedown ;
#wn00167397|extinguishing__extinction__quenching (^the act of extinguishing; causing to stop burning; "the extinction of the lights"^)
< #termination ;
#wn00167563|fade__disappearance (^gradually ceasing to be visible^)
< #termination ;
#wn00167661|abortion (^termination of pregnancy^)
< #termination ;
#wn00167776|spontaneous_abortion__miscarriage__stillbirth (^a natural loss of the products of conception^)
< #abortion ,
! #live_birth ;
#wn00167986|habitual_abortion (^repeated spontaneous abortion (often for no known reason)^)
< #spontaneous_abortion ;
#wn00168107|imminent_abortion__threatened_abortion (^the appearance of symptoms that signal the impending loss of the products of conception^)
< #spontaneous_abortion ;
#wn00168280|incomplete_abortion__partial_abortion (^termination of pregnancy without expulsion of all of the products of conception^)
< #spontaneous_abortion ;
#wn00168444|induced_abortion (^a deliberate termination of pregnancy^)
< #abortion ;
#wn00168598|aborticide__feticide (^the act of destroying a fetus^)
< #induced_abortion ;
#wn00168695|therapeutic_abortion (^a legally induced abortion for medical reasons (as when the mother's life is threatened)^)
< #induced_abortion ;
#wn00168850|nullification__override (^the act of nullifying; making null and void; counteracting or overriding the effect or force of something^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00169098|abrogation__repeal__annulment (^an official or legal cancellation^)
< #cancellation ;
#wn00169263|cancellation (^the act of cancelling; calling off some arrangement^)
< #nullification ;
#wn00169445|write-off (^the act of cancelling a debt as uncollectible^)
< #cancellation ;
#wn00169546|attainder__civil_death (^cancellation of civil rights^)
< #cancellation ;
#wn00169644|recission__rescission (^the act of rescinding; (law) the cancellation of a contract and the return of the parties to the positions they would have had if the contract had not been made; recission may be brought about by decree or by mutual consent^)
< #cancellation ;
#wn00169936|vitiation (^nullification by the destruction of the legal force; rendering null; "the vitiation of the contract"^)
< #nullification ;
#wn00170092|counteraction__neutralization__neutralisation (^action intended to nullify the effects of some previous action^)
< #nullification ;
#wn00170248|defusing__deactivation (^the act of deactivating or making ineffective (as a bomb)^)
< #termination ,
! #activation ;
#wn00170393|deactivation__inactivation (^breaking up a military unit (by transfers or discharges)^)
< #dismission ;
#wn00170523|dishonorable_discharge (^a discharge from the US Army for a grave offense (as sabotage or espionage or cowardice or murder)^)
< #dismission ;
#wn00170690|Section_Eight (^a discharge from the US Army based on unfitness or character traits deemed undesirable^)
< #dismission ;
#wn00170836|neutralization__neutralisation (^action intended to keep a country politically neutral or exclude it from a possible war; "the neutralization of Belgium"^)
< #nullification ;
#wn00171034|reversal (^a change from one state to the opposite state; "there was a reversal of autonomic function"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00171198|undoing (^an act that makes a previous act of no effect (as if not done)^)
< #volte-face ;
#wn00171314|regress__regression__reversion__retrogression__retroversion (^returning to a former state^)
< #reversal ;
#wn00171451|commencement__beginning__start (^the act of starting something; "he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations"^)
< #change_of_state ,
! #finish.windup ;
#wn00171975|rise_to_power__accession (^the act of attaining a new office or right^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00172089|activation (^making active and effective (as a bomb)^)
< #commencement ,
! #defusing ;
#wn00172203|tone-beginning__attack (^a decisive manner of beginning a musical tone or phrase^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00172328|constitution__establishment__formation__organization__organisation (^the act of forming something; "the constitution of a PTA group"; "he still remembers the establishment of the hospital"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00172600|Creation (^(theology) God's act of bringing the universe into existence^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00172715|debut__introduction__first_appearance__launching__unveiling__entry (^the act of beginning something new; "they looked forward to the debut of their new product line"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00172983|induction_of_labor (^(obstetrics) inducing the childbirth process artificially by administering oxytocin or by puncturing the amniotic sac^)
< #induction ;
#wn00173165|induction (^the act of bringing about something (especially at an early time); "the induction of an anesthetic state"^)
< #debut ;
#wn00173362|hypnogenesis (^the induction of sleep or hypnosis^)
< #induction ;
#wn00173455|product_introduction (^the introduction (usually by an advertising campaign) of a new product or product line^)
< #debut ;
#wn00173608|face-off (^(ice hockey) the method of starting play; a referee drops the puck between two opposing players^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00173777|first_step__initiative__opening_move__opening (^the first of a series of actions; "he memorized all the important chess openings"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00174007|groundbreaking_ceremony__groundbreaking (^the ceremonial breaking of the ground to formally begin a construction project^)
< #ceremony.activity #commencement ;
#wn00174190|housing_start (^the act of starting to construct a house^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00174290|icebreaker (^a beginning that relaxes a tense or formal atmosphere; "he told jokes as an icebreaker"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00174434|inauguration__startup (^the act of starting a new operation or practice; "he opposed the inauguration of fluoridation"; "the startup of the new factory was delayed by strikes"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00174654|founding__initiation__foundation__institution__origination__creation__instauration (^starting something for the first time^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00174826|installing__installation__installment (^the act of installing something (as equipment); "the telephone installation took only a few minutes"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00175012|jump_ball (^(basketball) the way play begins or resumes when possession is disputed; an official tosses the ball up between two players who jump in an effort to tap it to a teammate^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00175255|kickoff (^a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a score^)
< #place_kick #commencement ;
#wn00175417|starting__start (^a turn to be a starter (in a game at the beginning); "he got his start because one of the regular pitchers was in the hospital"; "his starting meant that the coach thought he was one of their best linemen"^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00175685|resumption__recommencement (^beginning again^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00175774|scrum__scrummage (^(rugby football) the method of beginning play in which the forwards of each team crouch side by side with locked arms; play starts when the ball thrown in between them and the two sides compete for possession^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00176065|startup (^the act of setting in operation; "repeated shutdowns and startups are expensive"^)
< #commencement ;
#wn00176199|unionization__unionisation (^act of forming labor unions^)
< #constitution ;
#wn00176300|rousing__arousal (^the act of arousing; "the purpose of art is the arousal of emotions"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00176558|reveille (^a signal to get up in the morning; in the military it is a bugle call at sunrise^)
< #awakening ;
#wn00176693|ushering_in (^the introduction of something new; "it signalled the ushering in of a new era"^)
< #debut ;
#wn00176829|inaugural__inauguration (^the ceremonial induction into a position; "the new president obviously enjoyed his inauguration"^)
< #initiation ,
p #inaugural_address ;
#wn00177015|curtain_raiser (^any preliminary activity^)
< #first_step ;
#wn00177100|first_base (^the initial stage in accomplishing something; "we didn't get to first base with that approach"^)
< #first_step ;
#wn00177251|peace_initiative (^opening move in negotiating a peace treaty^)
< #first_step ;
#wn00177356|cooking__cookery (^the act of preparing something (as food) by the application of heat^)
< #change_of_state ,
p #tenderization #seasoning ;
#wn00177705|baking.cooking (^cooking by dry heat in an oven^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00177806|shirring (^baking shelled eggs^)
< #baking.cooking ;
#wn00177880|toasting__browning (^cooking to a brown crispiness over a fire or on a grill; "proper toasting should brown both sides of a piece of bread"^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178064|broil__broiling__grilling (^cooking by direct exposure to radiant heat (as over a fire or under a grill)^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178214|frying__sauteing (^cooking in fat or oil in a pan or griddle^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178319|braising (^cooking slowly in fat in a closed pot with little moisture^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178432|poaching (^cooking in simmering liquid^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178514|roasting (^cooking (meat) by dry heat in an oven (usually with fat added); "the slow roasting took several hours"^)
< #cooking ,
p #basting ;
#wn00178708|barbecuing (^roasting a large piece of meat on a revolving spit out of doors over an open fire^)
< #roasting ;
#wn00178846|simmering__boiling__stewing (^cooking in a boiling liquid^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00178967|basting (^moistening a roast as it is cooking^)
< #moistening ;
#wn00179075|tenderization__tenderisation (^the act of making meat tender by pounding or marinating it^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00179228|percolation.cooking (^the act of making coffee in a percolator^)
< #cooking ;
#wn00179326|seasoning (^the act of adding a seasoning to food^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00179474|salting (^the act of adding salt to food^)
< #seasoning ;
#wn00179558|sweetening (^the act of adding a sweetener to food^)
< #seasoning ;
#wn00179652|infusion (^the act of infusing or introducing a certain modifying element or quality; "the team's continued success is attributable to a steady infusion of new talent"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00179863|improvement (^the act of improving something: "their improvements increased the value of the property"^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00180333|progress__advancement (^gradual improvement or growth or development: "advancement of knowledge"; "great progress in the arts"; "their research and development gave them an advantage"^)
< #development ;
#wn00180615|furtherance__forwarding__promotion (^the advancement of some enterprise; "his experience in marketing resulted in the forwarding of his career"^)
< #progress ;
#wn00180804|stride (^significant progress (especially in the phrase "make strides" or "make rapid strides")^)
< #progress ;
#wn00180943|workflow (^progress (or rate of progress) in work being done^)
< #progress ;
#wn00181047|development (^act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining; "he congratulated them on their development of a plan to meet the emergency"; "they funded research and development"^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00181349|broadening (^the action of making broader; "the broadening of travel"^)
< #development ;
#wn00181462|working_out__elaboration (^developing in intricate and painstaking detail^)
< #development ;
#wn00181580|product_development (^improving an existing product or developing new kinds of products^)
< #development ;
#wn00181711|cleaning__cleansing__cleanup (^the act of making something clean; "he gave his shoes a good cleaning"^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00182056|disinfestation (^the activity of getting rid of vermin^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182154|spring-cleaning (^the activity of cleaning a house thoroughly at the end of winter^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182280|scrubbing__scrub__scouring (^the act of cleaning a surface by rubbing it with a brush and soap and water^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182448|swabbing__mopping (^cleaning with a mop; "he gave it a good mopping"^)
< #scrubbing ;
#wn00182561|dry_cleaning (^the act of cleaning (fabrics) with a solvent other than water^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182681|sweeping (^the act of cleaning with a broom^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182768|purge__purging__purgation (^an act of removing by cleansing; ridding of sediment or other other undesired elements^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00182982|purging__purge__purgation (^the act of clearing yourself (or another) from some stigma or charge^)
< #clearing ;
#wn00183142|purification.purging (^the act of purging of sin or guilt; "purification through repentance"^)
< #purging ;
#wn00183270|purification (^cleaning by getting rid of impurities^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00183366|abreaction__catharsis__katharsis (^(psychoanalysis) purging of emotional tensions^)
< #purge ;
#wn00183493|catharsis__katharsis (^purging the body by the use of a cathartic to stimulate evacuation of the bowels^)
< #purge ;
#wn00183641|colonic_irrigation__colonic__high_colonic (^irrigation of the colon for cleansing purposes by injecting large amounts of fluid high into the colon^)
< #purge ;
#wn00183833|sterilization__sterilisation (^the procedure of making some object free of live bacteria of other microorganisms (usually by heat or chemical means)^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00184044|pasteurization__pasteurisation (^partial sterilization of foods at a temperature that destroys harmful microorganisms without major changes in the chemistry of the food^)
< #sterilization ;
#wn00184257|sanitization__sanitation__sanitisation (^making something sanitary (free of germs) as by sterilizing^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00184403|depilation__epilation (^the act of removing hair (as from an animal skin)^)
< #cleaning ;
#wn00184557|shave__shaving (^the act of removing hair with a razor^)
< #depilation ;
#wn00184674|tonsure (^shaving the crown of the head by priests or members of a monastic order^)
< #shave ;
#wn00184799|electrolysis (^removing superfluous or unwanted hair by passing an electric current through the hair root^)
< #depilation ;
#wn00184948|ablution__washup__bathing (^the act of washing yourself (or another person)^)
< #lavation #cleaning ;
#wn00185159|dishwashing (^the act of washing dishes^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00185242|lavation__wash__washing (^the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)^)
< #work ,
p #rinsing ;
#wn00185510|washing-up (^the washing of dishes etc after a meal^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00185605|window-washing (^the activity of washing windows^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00185697|rinse (^washing lightly without soap^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00185777|rinse.hair_coloring (^the act of giving a light tint to the hair^)
< #hair_coloring ;
#wn00185871|soak__soaking (^washing something by allowing it to soak^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00185972|brush__brushing (^the act of brushing your hair; "he gave his hair a quick brush"^)
< #hair_care ;
#wn00186098|combing__comb (^the act of drawing a comb through hair; "his hair needed a comb"^)
< #hair_care ;
#wn00186241|comb-out.combing__teasing (^the act of removing tangles from you hair with a comb^)
< #combing ;
#wn00186359|shampoo (^the act of washing your hair with shampoo^)
< #hair_care ;
#wn00186454|hair_care__hairdressing (^care for the hair: the activity of washing or cutting or curling or arranging the hair^)
< #tending ;
#wn00186665|shower_bath__shower (^washing yourself in a shower; you stand upright under water sprayed from a nozzle; "he took a shower after the game"^)
< #ablution ;
#wn00186848|bath (^you soak your body in a bathtub; "he has a good bath every morning"^)
< #ablution ;
#wn00187002|bubble_bath (^a bath in which you add something to foam and scent the bath water^)
< #bath ;
#wn00187126|mud_bath (^a bath in warm mud (as for treating rheumatism)^)
< #bath ;
#wn00187228|sponge_bath (^you wash your body with a sponge or washcloth instead of in a bathtub^)
< #ablution ;
#wn00187355|steam_bath__Turkish_bath__vapor_bath__vapour_bath (^you sweat in a steam room before getting a rubdown and cold shower^)
< #ablution ;
#wn00187520|rubdown (^the act of rubbing down^)
< #wipe ;
#wn00187597|rectification__correction (^the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00187815|redress__remedy__remediation (^act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil^)
< #rectification ;
#wn00187958|salve (^anything that remedies or heals or soothes; "he needed a salve for his conscience"^)
< #redress ;
#wn00188092|retribution (^the act of correcting for your wrongdoing^)
< #rectification ;
#wn00188191|recompense__compensation (^the act of compensating for loss or injury^)
< #rectification ;
#wn00188323|optimization__optimisation (^the act of rendering optimal; "the simultaneous optimization of growth and profitability"; "in an optimization problem we seek values of the variables that lead to an optimal value of the function that is to be optimized"; "to promote the optimization and diversification of agricultural products"^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00188694|perfection (^the act of making something perfect^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00188786|reform (^a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses; "justice was for sale before the reform of the law courts"^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00188973|land_reform (^a redistribution of agricultural land (especially by government action)^)
< #reform ;
#wn00189102|amelioration__melioration__betterment (^the act of relieving ills and changing for the better^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00189241|self-improvement__self-reformation (^the act of improving yourself^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00189370|reform.self-improvement (^self-improvement in behavior or morals by abandoning some vice; "the family rejoiced in the drunkard's reform"^)
< #self-improvement ;
#wn00189533|beautification (^the act of making something more beautiful^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00189654|glamorization__glamorisation__glamourization__glamourisation (^the act of glamorizing; making something or someone more beautiful (often in a superficial way)^)
< #beautification ;
#wn00189859|decoration (^the act of decorating something (in the hope of making it more attractive)^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00190152|adornment.decoration (^the action of decorating yourself with something colorful and interesting^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190281|ornamentation__embellishment (^the act of adding extraneous decorations to something^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190410|window_dressing (^the decoration of shop windows^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190502|trimming (^the act of adding decoration; "the children had to be in bed before it was time for the trimming of the tree"^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190666|tessellation (^adorning with mosaic^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190745|figuration (^decorating with a design^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190826|tattoo (^the practice of making a design on the skin by pricking and staining^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00190947|titivation__tittivation (^sprucing up; making decorative additions to^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00191061|marking (^the act of making a visible mark on a surface^)
< #decoration ;
#wn00191214|lineation (^the act of marking or outlining with lines^)
< #marking ;
#wn00191312|mottling (^the act of coloring with areas of different shades^)
< #marking ;
#wn00191417|striping (^the act of marking with stripes^)
< #marking ;
#wn00191503|clarification__clearing (^the act of removing solid particles from a liquid^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00191623|enrichment (^act of making fuller or more meaningful or rewarding^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00191750|humanization__humanisation (^the act of making more humane^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00191853|modernization__modernisation (^making modern in appearance of behavior; "the modernization of Nigeria will be a long process"^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00192023|redevelopment__renovation (^the act of renovating^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00192135|face_lift__face_lifting (^a renovation that improves the outward appearance (as of a building)^)
< #redevelopment ;
#wn00192274|enhancement__sweetening (^an improvement that makes something more agreeable^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00192395|upturn (^an upward movement or trend as in business activity^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00192499|worsening (^changing something with the result that it becomes worse^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00192629|downturn__downswing (^a worsening of business or economic activity; "the market took a downturn"^)
< #worsening ;
#wn00192788|downspin (^a swift and dangerous downturn^)
< #downturn ;
#wn00192873|ventilation__airing (^the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00192998|repair__fixing__fix__mending__reparation (^the act of putting something in working order again^)
< #improvement ;
#wn00193266|darning (^the act of mending a hole in a garment with crossing threads^)
< #repair ;
#wn00193380|patching (^the act of mending a hole in a garment by sewing a patch over it^)
< #repair ;
#wn00193499|upkeep__care__maintenance (^activity involved in maintaining something in good working order; "he wrote the manual on car care"^)
< #repair ;
#wn00193780|camera_care (^keeping a camera in good working order^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00193876|car_care (^keeping a car in good working order^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00193984|oil_change (^replacing dirty oil with clean^)
< #car_care ;
#wn00194071|overhaul__inspection_and_repair__service (^periodic maintenance on a car or machine; "it was time for an overhaul on the tractor"^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00194264|interim_overhaul (^an overhaul between the regular times for overhauling^)
< #overhaul ;
#wn00194380|band_aid__quick_fix__quickie__quicky (^hurried repair^)
< #repair ;
#wn00194480|restoration (^the act of restoring something or someone to a satisfactory state^)
< #repair ;
#wn00194693|gentrification (^the restoration of run-down urban areas by the middle class (resulting in the displacement of lower-income people)^)
< #restoration ;
#wn00194868|reclamation__renewal__rehabilitation (^the conversion of waste land into land suitable for use of habitation or cultivation^)
< #restoration ;
#wn00195073|reconstruction (^the activity of constructing something again^)
< #repair ;
#wn00195214|reassembly__refabrication__reformation (^assembling again^)
< #reconstruction ;
#wn00195317|rebuilding (^building again^)
< #reconstruction ;
#wn00195388|restitution (^the act of restoring something to its original state^)
< #repair ;
#wn00195498|pump_priming (^introducing water into a pump to improve the seal and start the water flowing^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00195634|scheduled_maintenance (^maintenance at a regularly scheduled time^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00195743|steam_fitting (^care (installation and maintenance) of equipment for ventilating or heating or refrigerating^)
< #upkeep ;
#wn00195895|coaching_job__coaching (^the job of a professional coach^)
< #employment ;
#wn00195996|engagement__booking (^employment for performers or performing groups that lasts for a limited period of time; "the play had bookings throughout the summer"^)
< #employment ;
#wn00196214|gig (^a booking for musicians; "they played a gig in New Jersey"^)
< #engagement ;
#wn00196322|debasement__degradation (^changing to a lower state (a less respected state)^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00196605|dehumanization__dehumanisation (^the act of degrading people with respect to their best qualities; "science has been blamed for the dehumanization of modern life"^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00196812|brutalization__brutalisation__animalization__animalisation (^an act that makes people cruel or lacking normal human qualities^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00196984|barbarization__barbarisation (^an act that makes people primitive and uncivilized^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197110|bastardization__bastardisation (^an act that debases or corrupts^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197219|subversion__corruption (^destroying someone's (or some group's) honesty or loyalty; undermining moral integrity; "corruption of a minor"; "the big city's subversion of rural innocence"^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197448|demoralization__demoralisation (^destroying the moral basis for a doctrine or policy^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197577|stultification__impairment__deadening (^the act of making something futile and useless (as by routine)^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197725|vulgarization__popularization__popularisation__vulgarisation (^the act of making something attractive to the general public^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00197895|abasement__humiliation (^depriving one of self-esteem^)
< #debasement ;
#wn00198011|comedown (^decline to a lower status or level^)
< #abasement ;
#wn00198100|change_of_color (^an act that change the light that something reflects^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00198286|whitening__lightening (^changing to a lighter color^)
< #change_of_color ;
#wn00198400|bleach (^the act of whitening something by bleaching it (exposing it to sunlight or using a chemical bleaching agent)^)
< #whitening ;
#wn00198561|blackening__darkening (^changing to a darker color^)
< #change_of_color ;
#wn00198656|discoloration__discolouration (^the act of discoloring something^)
< #change_of_color ;
#wn00198765|coloring__colouring (^the act of of process of changing the color of something^)
< #change_of_color ;
#wn00198942|tinting (^the act of adding a tinge of color; "the hairdresser gave her hair a modest tinting"^)
< #coloring ;
#wn00199080|hair_coloring (^the act of dyeing or tinting one's hair^)
< #coloring ;
#wn00199197|dyeing (^the use of dye to change the color of something permanently^)
< #coloring ;
#wn00199327|staining (^(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study^)
< #dyeing ;
#wn00199469|Gram's_method__Gram_method__Gram's_procedure__Gram's_stain (^a staining technique used to classify bacteria; those that retain the gentian violet are gram-positive and those that do not retain it are gram-negative^)
< #staining ;
#wn00199729|fixation__fixing (^(histology) the preservation and hardening of a tissue sample to retain as nearly as possible the same relations they had in the living body^)
< #saving ;
#wn00199933|soiling__soilure__dirtying (^the act of soiling something^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00200072|spotting__staining__maculation (^the act of spotting or staining something^)
< #soiling ;
#wn00200192|contamination__pollution (^the act of contaminating or polluting; including (either intentionally or accidentally) unwanted substances or factors^)
< #soiling ,
! #decontamination ;
#wn00200418|dust_contamination (^the act of contaminating with dust particles^)
< #contamination ;
#wn00200527|wetting (^the act of making something wet^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00200702|dousing__ducking__immersion (^the act of submerging something^)
< #wetting ;
#wn00200809|drenching__soaking__souse__sousing (^the act of making something completely wet; "he gave it a good drenching"^)
< #wetting ;
#wn00200966|moistening__dampening (^the act of making something slightly wet^)
< #wetting ;
#wn00201093|splash__splashing (^the act of scattering water about haphazardly^)
< #wetting ;
#wn00201203|watering (^wetting with water; "the lawn needs a great deal of watering"^)
< #wetting ;
#wn00201337|sprinkle__sprinkling (^watering with a sprinkler^)
< #watering ;
#wn00201430|chewing__chew__mastication (^biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to swallow^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00201635|chomping (^the act of chewing noisily^)
< #chewing ;
#wn00201716|gumming__mumbling (^ineffectual chewing (as if without teeth)^)
< #chewing ;
#wn00201822|defoliation (^causing the leaves of trees and other plants to fall off (as by the use of chemicals)^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00201965|human_motion__motion__movement__move (^$(many specializations; "human_motion" added as key)$ the act of changing your location from one place to another; "police controlled the motion of the crowd"; "the movement of people from the farms to the cities"; "his move put him directly in my path"^)
< #change ;
#wn00202577|movement.change (^the act of changing the location of something; "the movement of cargo onto the vessel"^)
< #change ;
#wn00202808|approach__approaching__coming (^the act of drawing spatially closer to something; "the hunter's approach scattered the geese"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00203051|access (^the act of approaching or entering; "he gained access to the building"^)
< #approach ;
#wn00203192|back_door (^a secret or underhand means of access (to a place or a position); "he got his job through the back door"^)
< #access ;
#wn00203352|closing__closure (^approaching a particular destination; a coming closer; a narrowing of a gap; "the ship's rapid rate of closing gave them little time to avoid a collision"^)
< #approach ;
#wn00203570|landing_approach (^the approach to a landing field by an airplane^)
< #approach ;
#wn00203716|overshoot__wave-off__go-around (^an approach that fails and gives way to another attempt^)
< #landing_approach ;
#wn00203850|forward_motion__progress__progression__advance__advancement__onward_motion (^the act of moving forward toward a goal^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00204105|push (^an effort to advance; "the army made a push toward the sea"^)
< #forward_motion ;
#wn00204215|life_history__career (^the general progression of your working or professional life; "the general had had a distinguished career"; "he had a long career in the law"^)
< #forward_motion ;
#wn00204424|march (^a steady advance; "the march of science"; "the march of time"^)
< #forward_motion ;
#wn00204537|plain_sailing__clear_sailing__easy_going (^easy unobstructed progress: "after we solved that problem the rest was plain sailing"^)
< #forward_motion ;
#wn00204711|locomotion__travel (^self-propelled movement^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00204980|brachiation (^swinging by the arms from branch to branch^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00205080|walking__walk (^the act of traveling by foot; "walking is a healthy form of exercise"^)
< #locomotion ,
p #pace ;
#wn00205373|ambulation (^walking about; "the hospital encouraged early ambulation"^)
< #walking ;
#wn00205487|travel_by_foot (^$("foot" replaced by "travel_by_foot")$ travel by foot; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"^)
< #walk ;
#wn00205599|walk (^the act of walking somewhere; "he took a walk after lunch"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00205834|constitutional (^a regular walk taken as a form of exercise^)
< #walk ;
#wn00205937|sleepwalking__somnambulism__somnambulation__noctambulism__noctambulation (^walking by a person who is asleep^)
< #sleeping #walking ;
#wn00206111|sleep_talking__somniloquy__somniloquism (^$('<' #utterance removed since #sleeping (process) is exclusive with #utterance (communication content); the process sense has been selected because it is more convenient for knowledge representation)$ uttering speech while asleep^)
< #sleeping ;
#wn00206245|step (^the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down; "he walked with unsteady steps"^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00206469|pace__stride__tread (^a step in walking or running^)
< #step ;
#wn00206584|trip.step (^a light or nimble tread; "he heard the trip of women's feet overhead"^)
< #step ;
#wn00206704|sidestep (^a step to one side (as in boxing or dancing)^)
< #step ;
#wn00206803|gait (^a person's manner of walking^)
< #walking ;
#wn00207062|hobble__hitch__limp (^the uneven manner of walking that results from an injured leg^)
< #gait ;
#wn00207191|gait.locomotion (^a horse's manner of moving^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00207376|walk.gait (^a slow gait of a horse in which two feet are always on the ground^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00207492|single-foot__rack (^a rapid gait of a horse in which each foot strikes the ground separately^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00207629|jog_trot (^an easy gait of a horse; midway between a walk and a trot^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00207741|trot (^a gait faster than a walk; diagonally opposite legs strike the ground together^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00207906|rising_trot (^the rider rises from the saddle every second stride^)
< #trot ,
! #sitting_trot ;
#wn00208033|sitting_trot (^the rider sits still in the saddle^)
< #trot ,
! #rising_trot ;
#wn00208144|dressage (^maneuvers of a horse in response to body signals by the rider^)
< #equestrian_sport ;
#wn00208315|curvet__vaulting (^a light leap by a horse in which both hind legs leave the ground before the forelegs come down^)
< #dressage ;
#wn00208473|piaffe (^a cadenced trot executed by the horse in one spot^)
< #dressage ;
#wn00208575|canter__lope (^an smooth 3-beat gait; between a trot and a gallop^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00208685|gallop (^a fast gait of a horse; a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously^)
< #gait.locomotion ;
#wn00208840|footstep (^the act of taking a step in walking^)
< #step ;
#wn00208930|amble__promenade__ramble__saunter__stroll__perambulation (^a leisurely walk (usually in some public place)^)
< #walk ;
#wn00209103|hike__tramp (^a long walk usually for exercise or pleasure^)
< #walk ;
#wn00209224|trudge (^a long difficult walk^)
< #hike ;
#wn00209298|flounce (^the act of walking with exaggerated jerky motions^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209401|stumble__lurch__stagger (^an unsteady uneven gait^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209496|pacing (^walking with slow regular strides^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209582|roll.gait (^walking with a rolling gait^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209660|saunter (^a careless leisurely gait; "he walked with a kind of saunter as if he hadn't a care in the world"^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209811|skip (^a gait in which steps and hops alternate^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209902|angry_walk__stalk (^a stiff or threatening gait^)
< #gait ;
#wn00209994|prance__strut__swagger (^a proud stiff pompous gait^)
< #gait ;
#wn00210091|lunge__lurch (^the act of moving forward suddenly^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00210185|waddle (^walking with a waddling gait; walking with short steps and the weight shifting from one foot to the other^)
< #gait ;
#wn00210343|marching__march (^the act of marching; walking with regular steps (especially in a procession of some kind); "it was a long march"; "we heard the sound of marching"^)
< #walking ;
#wn00210624|goose_step (^a manner of marching with legs straight and swinging high^)
< #marching ;
#wn00210738|promenade (^a march of all the guests at the opening of a formal dance^)
< #marching ;
#wn00210871|quick_march (^marching at quick time^)
< #marching ;
#wn00210951|routemarch (^a long training march for troops^)
< #marching ;
#wn00211040|plodding (^the act of walking with a slow heavy gait^)
< #walking ;
#wn00211136|prowl (^the act of prowling (walking about in a stealthy manner)^)
< #walking ;
#wn00211244|turn.walk (^taking a short walk out and back; "we took a turn in the park"^)
< #walk ;
#wn00211357|shamble__shambling__shuffle__shuffling (^walking with a slow dragging motion without lifting your feet; "from his shambling I assumed he was very old"^)
< #walking ;
#wn00211554|space_walk (^any kind of physical activity outside a spacecraft by one of the crew^)
< #activity ;
#wn00211680|moonwalk (^an exploratory walk by an astronaut on the surface of the moon^)
< #walk ;
#wn00211797|moonwalk.dance_step (^a kind of dance step in which the dancer seems to be sliding on the spot; "Michael Jackson perfected the moonwalk in the 1980s"^)
< #dance_step ;
#wn00211979|wading (^walking with your feet in shallow water^)
< #walking ;
#wn00212071|walkabout (^(Australia) nomadic excursions into the bush made by an Aborigine^)
< #walk ;
#wn00212192|walkabout.amble (^a public stroll by a celebrity to meet people informally^)
< #amble ;
#wn00212304|walkabout.tour (^a walking trip or tour^)
< #tour ;
#wn00212382|running__run (^the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace; "he broke into a run"; "his daily run keeps him fit"^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00212566|lope__jog__trot (^a slow pace of running^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00212670|dogtrot (^a steady trot like that of a dog^)
< #lope ;
#wn00212756|sprint__dash (^a quick run^)
< #running ;
#wn00212845|fastbreak (^(basketball) a rapid dash to get a shot as soon as possible after taking possession of the ball^)
< #break ;
#wn00213015|break (^a sudden dash; "he made a break for the open door"^)
< #sprint ;
#wn00213135|crawling__crawl__creep__creeping (^a slow creeping mode of locomotion (on hands and knees or dragging the body); "a crawl was all that the injured man could manage"; "the traffic moved at a creep"^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00213378|lap__circle__circuit (^movement once around a course; "he drove an extra lap just for insurance"^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00213556|pace_lap (^(auto racing) the first lap of a car race that prepares the cars for a fast start^)
< #lap ;
#wn00213711|victory_lap__lap_of_honour (^a lap by the winning person or team run to celebrate the victory^)
< #lap ;
#wn00213849|travel__travelling__traveling (^$(many specializations)$ the act of going from one place to another; "he enjoyed selling but he hated the travel"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00214285|circumnavigation (^traveling around something (by ship or plane); "Magellan's circumnavigation of the earth proved that it is a globe"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00214463|peregrination (^travel (especially by foot)^)
< #travel ;
#wn00214586|procession.traveling (^the action of a body of people proceeding in a regular formation; "processions were forbidden"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00214737|traversal__traverse (^travel across^)
< #peregrination ;
#wn00214817|wandering__roving__vagabondage (^travelling about without any clear destination; "she followed him in his wanderings and looked after him"^)
< #peregrination ;
#wn00215019|drifting (^aimless wandering from place to place^)
< #wandering ;
#wn00215111|crossing (^traveling across^)
< #travel ;
#wn00215218|fording__ford (^the act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse^)
< #crossing ;
#wn00215388|shallow_fording (^fording at a shallow place^)
< #fording ;
#wn00215476|deep_fording (^fording at a deep place in the stream^)
< #fording ;
#wn00215572|traverse__traversal (^taking a zigzag path on skis^)
< #crossing ;
#wn00215686|tourism__touristry (^the business of providing services to tourists; "Tourism is a major business in Bermuda"^)
< #business_enterprise ;
#wn00215858|ecotourism (^tourism to exotic or threatened ecosystems to observe wildlife or to help preserve nature^)
< #tourism ;
#wn00216004|driving (^the act of controlling and steering the movement of a vehicle or animal^)
< #travel #steering.control ;
#wn00216165|motoring (^the act of driving an automobile^)
< #driving ;
#wn00216252|horseback_riding__riding (^riding a horse as a means of transportation^)
< #travel ;
#wn00216439|roping (^capturing cattle or horses with a lasso^)
< #toil ;
#wn00216567|bronco_busting (^breaking a bronco to saddle^)
< #horseback_riding ;
#wn00216674|endurance_riding (^riding for long hours over long distances^)
< #horseback_riding ;
#wn00216778|pack_riding (^riding with a pack^)
< #horseback_riding ;
#wn00216854|trail_riding (^riding along a roughly blazed path^)
< #horseback_riding ;
#wn00216947|calf_roping (^capturing a calf with a lasso and binding its feet^)
< #roping ;
#wn00217074|steer_roping (^capturing a steer with a lasso^)
< #roping ;
#wn00217182|air_travel__aviation__air (^travel via aircraft; "air travel involves too much waiting in airports"; "if you've time to spare go by air"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00217382|flight (^$(many specializations)$ a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports; "I took the noon flight to Chicago"^)
< #trip ;
#wn00217633|connecting_flight (^a flight with an intermediate stop and a change of aircraft (possibly a change of airlines)^)
< #flight ;
#wn00217788|direct_flight (^a flight with one or more intermediate stops but no change of aircraft^)
< #flight ;
#wn00217918|domestic_flight (^a flight that begins and ends in the same country^)
< #flight ,
! #international_flight ;
#wn00218047|international_flight (^a flight that takes off in one country and lands in another^)
< #flight ,
! #domestic_flight ;
#wn00218191|nonstop_flight__nonstop (^a flight made without intermediate stops between source and destination; "how many nonstops are there to Dallas?"^)
< #flight ;
#wn00218375|redeye_flight__redeye (^$("redeye_flight" added as key)$ a night flight from which the passengers emerge with eyes red from lack of sleep^)
< #flight ;
#wn00218508|flying__flight (^an instance of traveling by air; "flying was still an exciting adventure for him"^)
< #air_travel ;
#wn00218813|aerobatics__acrobatics__stunting__stunt_flying (^the performance of stunts while in flight in an aircraft^)
< #flying ;
#wn00218983|blind_flying__blind_landing (^using only instruments for flying an aircraft because you cannot see through clouds or mists etc.^)
< #flying ;
#wn00219155|ballooning (^flying in a balloon^)
< #flying ;
#wn00219231|flyover__flypast (^a low-altitude flight (usually of military aircraft) over spectators on the ground^)
< #flying ;
#wn00219377|gliding__glide__sailplaning__soaring__sailing (^the activity of flying a glider^)
< #flying ;
#wn00219540|hang_gliding (^gliding in a hang glider^)
< #gliding ;
#wn00219623|abseil (^a descent down a nearly vertical surface by using a doubled rope that is coiled around the body and attached to some higher point^)
< #descent ;
#wn00219805|parachuting__jump (^descent with a parachute; "he had done a lot of parachuting in the army"^)
< #descent ;
#wn00219960|sky-diving (^performing acrobatics in free fall before pulling the ripcord of a parachute^)
< #parachuting ;
#wn00220093|parasailing (^gliding in a parasail^)
< #gliding ;
#wn00220172|pass (^a flight or run by an aircraft over a target; "the plane turned to make a second pass"^)
< #flying ;
#wn00220309|solo.flying (^a flight in which the aircraft pilot is unaccompanied^)
< #flying ;
#wn00220413|sortie (^an operational flight by a single aircraft (as in a military operation)^)
< #flying ;
#wn00220537|touchdown.landing (^a landing (as the wheels touch the landing field); especially of airplanes^)
< #landing ;
#wn00220667|aircraft_landing__airplane_landing (^landing an aircraft^)
< #landing.arrival ;
#wn00220840|ground-controlled_approach__GCA (^aircraft landing in bad weather in which the pilot is talked down by ground control using precision approach radar^)
< #aircraft_landing ;
#wn00221033|crash_landing (^an emergency landing under circumstances where a normal landing is impossible (usually damaging the aircraft)^)
< #forced_landing ;
#wn00221202|three-point_landing (^a landing in which all three wheels of the aircraft touch the ground at the same time^)
< #aircraft_landing ;
#wn00221353|instrument_landing (^an aircraft landing made entirely by means of instruments^)
< #aircraft_landing ;
#wn00221475|splashdown (^a landing of a spacecraft in the sea at the end of a space flight^)
< #landing ;
#wn00221597|takeoff (^a departure; especially of airplanes^)
< #going_away ;
#wn00221687|tailspin.aerobatics__spin (^rapid descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral spin^)
< #aerobatics ;
#wn00221800|terrain_flight__low_level_flight (^flight at very low altitudes^)
< #flying ;
#wn00221908|journey__journeying (^$(many specializations)$ the act of traveling from one place to another^)
< #travel ,
p #stage.traveling ;
#wn00222274|stage.traveling__leg (^a section or portion of a journey or course; "then we embarked on the second stage of our Caribbean cruise"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00222476|leg.distance (^$('<' #travel removed since if it is a distance, it cannot be a traveling, which is a process)$ (nautical) the distance traveled by a sailing vessel on a single tack^)
< #length ;
#wn00222613|fare-stage (^(British) a section along the route of a bus for which the fare is the same^)
< #stage.traveling ;
#wn00222745|long_haul (^a journey over a long distance; "it's a long haul from New York to Los Angeles"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00222880|odyssey (^a long wandering and eventful journey^)
< #journey ;
#wn00222971|trip (^$(many specializations)$ a journey for some purpose (usually including the return); "he took a trip to the shopping center"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00223246|round_trip (^a trip to some place and back again^)
< #trip ;
#wn00223338|run (^a regular trip; "the ship made its run in record time"^)
< #trip ;
#wn00223442|run.trip (^a short trip; "take a run into town"^)
< #trip ;
#wn00223528|transit__passage (^a journey usually by ship; "the outward passage took 10 days"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00223671|drive.journey__ride (^a journey in a vehicle driven by someone else; "he took the family for a drive in his new car"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00223860|lift.drive (^a ride in a car; "he gave me a lift home"^)
< #drive.journey ;
#wn00223952|joyride (^a ride in a car taken solely for pleasure; "they took their girlfriends for joyrides in stolen cars"^)
< #drive.journey ;
#wn00224106|expedition (^a journey organized for a particular purpose^)
< #journey ;
#wn00224261|scouting_trip (^an expedition undertaken to gain information^)
< #expedition ;
#wn00224365|hunting_expedition__campaign__safari (^an overland journey by hunters (especially in Africa)^)
< #expedition ;
#wn00224503|geographic_expedition__exploration (^to travel for the purpose of discovery^)
< #expedition ;
#wn00224623|excursion__digression (^wandering from the main path of a journey^)
< #journey ;
#wn00224733|trek (^any long and difficult trip^)
< #trip ;
#wn00224811|trek.journey (^(South African) a journey by ox wagon (especially an organized migration by a group of settlers)^)
< #journey ;
#wn00224958|tour__circuit (^a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area; "they took an extended tour of Europe"; "we took a quick circuit of the park"; "a ten-day coach circuit of the island"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00225275|grand_tour (^an extended sightseeing tour undertaken for pleasure^)
< #tour ;
#wn00225384|on_the_road__on_tour (^travelling about; "they took the show on the road" or "they lost all their games on the road"^)
< #travel ;
#wn00225545|pilgrimage__pilgrim's_journey (^a journey to a sacred place^)
< #journey ;
#wn00225667|hadj__haj__hajj (^a pilgrimage to Mecca; every Muslim must make this journey at least once^)
< #pilgrimage ;
#wn00225803|jaunt__excursion__outing__junket__pleasure_trip__expedition__sashay (^a journey taken for pleasure; "many summer excursions to the shore"; "it was merely a pleasure trip"; "after cautious sashays into the field"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00226100|junketing (^taking an excursion for pleasure^)
< #travel ;
#wn00226188|airing (^an short excursion (a walk or ride) in the open air; "he took the dogs for an airing"^)
< #jaunt ;
#wn00226326|field_trip (^a group excursion (to a museum or the woods or some historic place) for firsthand examination^)
< #jaunt ;
#wn00226476|voyage (^a journey to some distant place^)
< #journey ;
#wn00226596|way.journey (^a journey or passage; "they are on the way"^)
< #journey ;
#wn00226689|ocean_trip__voyage (^an act of traveling by water^)
< #water_travel ;
#wn00226801|cruise__sail (^an ocean trip taken for pleasure^)
< #ocean_trip ;
#wn00226893|crossing.voyage (^a voyage across a body of water (usually across the Atlantic Ocean)^)
< #voyage ;
#wn00227015|lockage (^passage through a lock in a canal or waterway^)
< #transit ;
#wn00227114|spaceflight__space_travel__spacefaring (^a voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere^)
< #voyage ;
#wn00227240|water_travel__seafaring (^travel by water^)
< #travel ;
#wn00227380|sailing (^riding in a sailboat^)
< #water_travel ;
#wn00227508|luff (^sailing close to the wind^)
< #sailing ;
#wn00227584|beat.sailing (^the act of beating to windward; sailing as close as possible to the direction from which the wind is blowing^)
< #sailing ;
#wn00227743|tack (^sailing a zigzag course^)
< #sailing ;
#wn00227817|seafaring__navigation__sailing (^the work of a sailor^)
< #employment ,
p #steering ;
#wn00227953|cabotage (^navigation in costal waters^)
< #seafaring ;
#wn00228035|boating__yachting (^water travel for pleasure^)
< #water_travel ;
#wn00228125|commuting__commutation (^the travel of a commuter^)
< #travel ;
#wn00228219|deracination__displacement (^to move something from its natural environment^)
< #movement.change ;
#wn00228339|transportation__transfer__transferral__conveyance (^the act of transporting something from one location to another^)
< #movement.change ,
p #pickup ;
#wn00228663|transshipment (^transfer from one conveyance to another for shipment^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00228775|airlift (^transportation of people or goods by air (especially when other means of access are blocked)^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00228939|Berlin_airlift (^airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin^)
< #airlift ;
#wn00229121|connection__connexion (^shifting from one form of transportation to another; "the plane was late and he missed his connection in Atlanta"^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00229303|bringing__delivery (^the act of delivering or distributing something (as goods or mail); "his reluctant delivery of bad news"^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00229545|cattle_drive (^driving a bovine herd (as cows or bulls or steers)^)
< #drive ;
#wn00229654|drive (^the act of driving a herd of animals overland^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00229769|service_of_process__service__serving (^the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone; "he accepted service of the subpoena"^)
< #bringing ;
#wn00229945|consignment (^the delivery of goods for sale or disposal^)
< #bringing ;
#wn00230045|handing_over__passage (^the act of passing something to another person^)
< #bringing ;
#wn00230178|post (^the delivery and collection of letters and packages; "it came by the first post"; "if you hurry you'll catch the post"^)
< #bringing ;
#wn00230347|relay (^the act of relaying something^)
< #handing_over ;
#wn00230428|carry (^the act of carrying something^)
< #transportation ;
#wn00230581|pickup (^the act of taking aboard passengers or freight^)
< #acquiring ;
#wn00230699|backpacking__packing (^carrying something in a pack on the back; "the backpacking of oxygen is essential for astronauts"^)
< #carry ;
#wn00230864|fireman's_carry (^the act of carrying a person over your shoulder^)
< #carry ;
#wn00230973|portage (^carrying boats and supplies overland^)
< #carry ;
#wn00231063|porterage (^the transportation of burdens by porters^)
< #carry ;
#wn00231159|chase__pursuit__following (^the act of pursuing^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00231324|trailing__tracking (^the pursuit (of a person or animal) by following tracks or marks they left behind^)
< #chase ;
#wn00231471|shadowing__tailing (^the act of following someone secretly^)
< #chase ;
#wn00231574|stalking__stalk (^the act of following prey stealthily^)
< #chase ;
#wn00231673|wild-goose_chase (^the fruitless pursuit of something unattainable^)
< #chase ;
#wn00231783|insertion__introduction__intromission (^the act of putting one thing into another^)
< #movement.change ;
#wn00232018|cannulation__canulation__cannulization__cannulisation__canulization__canulisation__intubation (^the insertion of a cannula or tube into a hollow body organ^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00232223|instillation__instillment__instilment (^the introduction of a liquid (by pouring or injection) drop by drop^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00232394|enclosing__enclosure__envelopment__inclosure (^the act of enclosing something inside something else^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00232576|packing__boxing (^the enclosure of something in a package or box^)
< #enclosing ;
#wn00232703|bundling.packing (^the act of binding something into a bundle^)
< #packing ;
#wn00232800|encasement__incasement (^the act of enclosing something in a case^)
< #enclosing ;
#wn00232910|injection (^the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00233018|intradermal_injection (^an injection into the skin^)
< #injection.medical_care ;
#wn00233112|intramuscular_injection (^an injection into a muscle^)
< #injection.medical_care ;
#wn00233208|intravenous_injection (^an injection into a vein^)
< #injection.medical_care ;
#wn00233318|fix.intravenous_injection (^(informal) an intravenous injection of a narcotic drug^)
< #intravenous_injection ;
#wn00233422|subcutaneous_injection (^an injection under the skin^)
< #injection.medical_care ;
#wn00233518|infusion.instillation (^(medicine) the passive introduction of a substance (a fluid or drug or electrolyte) into a vein or between tissues (as by gravitational force)^)
< #instillation ;
#wn00233715|exchange_transfusion (^slow removal of a person's blood and its replacement with equal amounts of a donor's blood^)
< #blood_transfusion ;
#wn00233872|blood_transfusion__transfusion (^the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00234031|perfusion (^pumping a liquid into an organ or tissue (especially by way of blood vessels)^)
< #insertion ;
#wn00234164|ascent__rise__ascension__ascending (^the act of changing location in an upward direction^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00234353|heave.ascent__heaving (^the act of lifting something with great effort^)
< #ascent ;
#wn00234461|climb__mount (^the act of climbing something^)
< #ascent ;
#wn00234622|scaling (^ascent by or as if by a ladder^)
< #climb ;
#wn00234724|clamber (^an awkward climb; "reaching the crest was a real clamber"^)
< #climb ;
#wn00234835|escalade (^an act of scaling by the use of ladders (especially the walls of a fortification)^)
< #scaling ;
#wn00234971|mountain_climbing__mountaineering (^the activity of climbing a mountain^)
< #climb ;
#wn00235087|rock_climbing (^an act of scaling rock masses on mountain sides^)
< #climb ;
#wn00235194|soar__zoom (^the act of rising upward into the air^)
< #ascent ;
#wn00235289|descent (^the act of changing your location in a downward direction^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00235526|nose_dive__dive (^a steep nose-down descent by an aircraft^)
< #descent ;
#wn00235647|swoop (^a swift descent through the air^)
< #descent ;
#wn00235730|power_dive (^a dive accelerated by both gravity and engine power^)
< #nose_dive ;
#wn00235838|crash_dive (^a rapid descent by a submarine^)
< #descent ;
#wn00235925|drop (^the act of dropping something; "they expected the drop would be successful"^)
< #descent ;
#wn00236051|flop__collapse (^the act of throwing yourself down; "he landed on the bed with a great flop"^)
< #descent ;
#wn00236188|letting_down__lowering (^the act of causing something to move to a lower level^)
< #movement.change ;
#wn00236311|swinging__swing (^changing location by moving back and forth^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00236416|return.location (^the act of returning to a prior location; "they set out on their return to the base camp"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00236594|reentry (^the act of entering again^)
< #return.location ;
#wn00236673|remand (^the act of sending an accused person back into custody to await trial (or the continuation of the trial)^)
< #return.location ;
#wn00236830|glide__slide (^the act of sliding or gliding^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00236937|slippage (^failing to hold or slipping out of place; "the knots allowed no slippage"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00237065|skid__slip__sideslip (^an unexpected slide^)
< #glide ;
#wn00237153|flow.location__stream (^the act of flowing or streaming; continuous progression^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00237304|spill__spillage__release (^the act of allowing a fluid to escape^)
< #flow.location ;
#wn00237414|overflow__flood__outpouring (^a large flow^)
< #flow.location ;
#wn00237520|effusion (^flow under pressure^)
< #overflow ;
#wn00237594|crawl (^a very slow movement; "the traffic advanced at a crawl"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00237701|speeding__speed__hurrying (^changing location rapidly^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00237836|speedup__acceleration__quickening (^the act of accelerating; increasing the speed^)
< #speeding ;
#wn00237963|scud__scudding (^the act of moving along swiftly (as before a gale)^)
< #speeding ;
#wn00238075|translation__displacement (^the act of uniform movement^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00238175|transplanting__transplant (^the act of uprooting and moving a plant to a new location; "the transplant was successful"; "too frequent transplanting is not good for plants"^)
< #movement.change ;
#wn00238391|shifting__shift (^the act of moving from one place to another; "his constant shifting disrupted the class"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00238542|position_change__movement__move__motility (^$("position_change" added as key)$ a change of position that does not entail a change of location; "the reflex motion of his eyebrows revealed his surprise"; "movement is a sign of life"; "an impatient move of his hand"; "gastrointestinal motility"^)
< #change ;
#wn00239539|abduction (^(physiology) moving of a body part away from the central axis of the body^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00239668|adduction (^(physiology) moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00239794|agitation (^the act of agitating something; causing it to move around (usually vigorously)^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240000|body_English (^a motion of the body by a player as if to make an object already propelled go in the desired direction^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240161|circumduction (^a circular movement of a limb or eye^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240257|disturbance (^the act of disturbing something or someone; setting something in motion^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240566|fetal_movement__foetal_movement (^motion of a fetus within the uterus (usually detected by the 16th week of pregnancy)^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240729|flit.position_change__dart (^a sudden quick movement^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240810|gesture (^motion of hands or body to emphasize or help to express a thought or feeling^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00240976|headshake__headshaking (^the act of turning your head left and right to signify denial or disbelief or bemusement; "I could tell from their headshakes that they didn't believe me"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00241200|jabbing__jab__poke__poking__thrust__thrusting (^a sharp hand gesture (resembling a blow); "he warned me with a jab with his finger"; "he made a thrusting motion with his fist"^)
< #gesture ;
#wn00241424|mudra (^ritual hand movement in Hindu religious dancing^)
< #gesture ;
#wn00241523|inclining__inclination (^the act of inclining; bending forward; "an inclination of his head indicated his agreement"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00241738|everting__inversion__eversion (^the act of turning inside out^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00241845|upending__inversion (^turning upside down; setting on end^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00241965|jerking__jerk__jolt (^an abrupt spasmodic movement^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00242061|bob (^a short abrupt inclination (as of the head); "he gave me a short bob of acknowledgement"^)
< #inclining ;
#wn00242199|nod (^the act of nodding the head^)
< #inclining ;
#wn00242294|nutation (^uncontrolled nodding^)
< #nod ;
#wn00242369|stoop (^an inclination of the top half of the body forward and downward^)
< #inclining ;
#wn00242484|kick__kicking (^a rhythmic thrusting movement of the legs as in swimming or calisthenics; "the kick must be synchronized with the arm movements"; "the swimmer's kicking left a wake behind him"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00242739|kneel__kneeling (^supporting yourself on your knees^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00242835|lurch__pitch__pitching (^abrupt up-and-down motion (as caused by a ship or other conveyance); "the pitching and tossing was quite exciting"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00243038|nystagmus (^involuntary movements of the eyeballs; the presence or absence of nystagmus is used to diagnose a variety of neurological and visual disorders^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00243290|physiological_nystagmus (^small involuntary tremors of the eyeballs; when physiological nystagmus is eliminated by stabilizing the image on the retina the perception fades rapidly from fatigue of the retinal receptors^)
< #nystagmus ;
#wn00243551|rotational_nystagmus (^nystagmus caused by the body rotating rapidly; large slow movements of the eyeballs are in the direction of rotation^)
< #nystagmus ;
#wn00243734|post-rotational_nystagmus (^nystagmus caused by suddenly stopping the rapid rotation of the body; large slow movements of the eyeballs are in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation^)
< #nystagmus ;
#wn00243971|opening (^the act of opening something; "the ray of light revealed his cautious opening of the door"^)
< #position_change ,
! #shutting ;
#wn00244133|rearrangement (^changing an arrangement^)
< #organization.activity ;
#wn00244252|juggling__juggle (^the act of rearranging things to give a misleading impression^)
< #rearrangement ;
#wn00244377|reordering (^a rearrangement in a different order^)
< #rearrangement ;
#wn00244542|permutation (^act of changing the lineal order of objects in a group^)
< #reordering ;
#wn00244654|transposition__reversal (^act of reversing the order or place of^)
< #reordering ;
#wn00244763|overtaking__passing (^going by something that is moving in order to get in front of it; "she drove but well but her reckless passing of every car on the road frightened me"^)
< #reordering ;
#wn00244980|shuffle__shuffling__make (^the act of mixing cards haphazardly^)
< #reordering ;
#wn00245143|reshuffling__reshuffle (^shuffling (cards) again; "the gambler demanded a reshuffle"^)
< #shuffle ;
#wn00245272|riffle (^shuffling by splitting the pack and interweaving the two halves at their corners^)
< #shuffle ;
#wn00245405|twiddle (^a series of small (usually idle) twists or turns^)
< #twist ;
#wn00245507|prostration (^the act of prostrating yourself^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00245596|reaching__reach__stretch (^the act of physically reaching or thrusting out^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00245734|reciprocation (^alternating back-and-forth movement^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00245829|reclining (^the act of assuming or maintaining a reclining position^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00245940|retraction (^the act of pulling or holding or drawing a part back; "the retraction of the landing gear"; "retraction of the foreskin"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00246117|retroflection__retroflexion (^the act of bending backward^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00246219|rotation (^the act of rotating as if on an axis; "the rotation of the dancer kept time with the music"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00246545|circumvolution (^the act of turning or winding or folding around a central axis^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00246668|feathering__feather (^turning an oar parallel to the water between pulls^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00246804|whirling__gyration (^the act of rotating in a circle or spiral^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00246911|pivot (^the act of turning on (or as if on) a pivot; "the golfer went to the driving range to practice his pivot"^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00247068|pronation (^rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face downward^)
< #rotation ,
! #supination ;
#wn00247208|twirl__spin__twist__twisting__whirl (^the act of rotating rapidly; "he gave the crank a spin"; "it broke off after much twisting"^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00247421|spiral (^flying downward in a helical path with a large radius^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00247527|pirouette (^a rapid spin of the body (especially on the toes as in ballet)^)
< #twirl ;
#wn00247645|birling__logrolling (^rotating a log rapidly in the water (as a competitive sport)^)
< #twirl ;
#wn00247772|shutting__closing (^the act of closing something^)
< #position_change ,
! #opening ;
#wn00247883|sitting (^the act of assuming or maintaining a seated position; "he read the mystery at one sitting"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00248027|posing__sitting (^the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait); "he wanted his portrait painted but couldn't spare time for the sitting"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00248236|squatting__squat (^the act of assuming or maintaining a squatting position^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00248355|sweep (^a movement in an arc; "a sweep of his arm"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00248449|supination (^rotation of the hands and forearms so that the palms face upward^)
< #rotation ,
! #pronation ;
#wn00248588|twist__turn (^turning or twisting around (in place); "with a quick twist of his head he surveyed the room"^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00248757|winding__wind__twist (^the act of winding or twisting; "he put the key in the old clock and gave it a good wind"^)
< #rotation ;
#wn00248915|quivering__vibration__quiver (^the act of vibrating^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00249030|wave (^a movement like that of an ocean wave; "a wave of settlers"; "troops advancing in waves"^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00249169|change_of_direction (^the act of changing the direction in which something is oriented^)
< #change ;
#wn00249353|turn (^turning away or in the opposite direction: "he made an abrupt turn away from her"^)
< #change_of_direction ;
#wn00249485|turnabout__reversion__reverse__reversal__turnaround (^turning in the opposite direction^)
< #change_of_direction ;
#wn00249656|about-face__about_turn (^act of pivoting 180 degrees, especially in a military formation^)
< #turnabout ;
#wn00249789|u-turn (^complete reversal of direction of travel^)
< #turnabout ;
#wn00249882|shaking (^the act of causing something to move up and down (or back and forth) with quick movements^)
< #agitation ;
#wn00250043|joggle__jiggle (^a slight irregular shaking motion^)
< #shaking ;
#wn00250138|stirring (^agitating a liquid with an implement; "constant stirring prevents it from burning on the bottom of the pan"^)
< #agitation ;
#wn00250300|waggle__wag__shake (^causing to move repeatedly from side to side^)
< #agitation ;
#wn00250411|worrying (^the act of moving something by repeated tugs or pushes; "vigorous worrying finally loosened the saw"^)
< #agitation ;
#wn00250566|careen__rock__sway__tilt (^pitching dangerously to one side^)
< #lurch ;
#wn00250672|upset__overturn__turnover (^the act of upsetting something; "he was badly bruised by the upset of his sled at a high speed"^)
< #upending ;
#wn00250841|waver__flutter__flicker (^the act of moving back and forth^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00250945|shudder__tremor (^an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear)^)
< #quivering ;
#wn00251061|outreach (^the act of reaching out; "the outreach toward truth of the human spirit"^)
< #reaching ;
#wn00251188|standing.position_change (^the act of assuming or maintaining an erect upright position^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00251303|straddle__span (^the act of sitting or standing astride^)
< #position_change ,
p #call_option.option #put ;
#wn00251441|stroke.position_change (^a single complete movement^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00251574|wiggle__wriggle__squirm (^the act of wiggling^)
< #position_change ;
#wn00251665|change_of_course (^a change in the direction that you are moving^)
< #change_of_direction ;
#wn00251809|turn.change_of_course__turning (^the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right"^)
< #change_of_course ;
#wn00252105|diversion__deviation__digression__deflection__deflexion (^a turning aside (of your course or attention or concern): "a diversion from the main highway"; "a digression into irrelevant details"; "a deflection from his goal"^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00252392|red_herring (^any diversion intended to distract attention from the main issue^)
< #diversion ;
#wn00252514|right.turn (^a turn to the right; "take a right at the corner"^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00252615|left (^a turn to the left; "take a left at the corner"^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00252713|tacking__tack (^(nautical) the act of changing tack^)
< #change_of_course ;
#wn00252809|change_of_magnitude (^the act of changing the amount or size of something^)
< #change ;
#wn00252962|step-down__decrease__diminution__reduction (^the act of decreasing or reducing something^)
< #change_of_magnitude ,
! #step-up ;
#wn00253565|amount_cutting__cut (^S("amount_cutting" added as key)$ the act of reducing the amount or number; "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00253801|budget_cut (^the act of reducing budgeted expenditures^)
< #amount_cutting ;
#wn00253899|pay_cut__salary_cut (^a act of reducing a salary^)
< #amount_cutting ;
#wn00253992|cost_cutting (^the act of cutting costs^)
< #amount_cutting ;
#wn00254075|price_cutting__price_cut (^cutting the price of merchandise to one lower than the usual or advertised price^)
< #amount_cutting ;
#wn00254227|spending_cut (^the act of reducing spending^)
< #amount_cutting ;
#wn00254314|moderation (^the action of lessening in severity or intensity: "the object being control or moderation of economic depressions"^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00254503|lowering (^the act of causing to become less^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00254609|tapering (^the act of gradually lowering the size or amount; "the doctor prescribed the tapering of the dose"^)
< #lowering ;
#wn00254762|cutback (^a reduction in quantity or rate^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00254865|service_cutback (^the act of reducing service^)
< #cutback ;
#wn00254954|devaluation (^the reduction of something value^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00255044|devitalization__devitalisation (^the act of reducing the vitality of something^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00255167|extenuation__mitigation__palliation (^to act in such a way as to cause an offense to seem less serious^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00255315|spasmolysis (^the relaxation or relief of muscle spasms^)
< #alleviation ;
#wn00255414|alleviation__easing__easement__relief (^the act of reducing something unpleasant (as pain or annoyance); "he asked the nurse for relief from the constant pain"^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00255692|de-escalation (^a reduction in intensity (of a crisis or a war)^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00255799|detente (^the easing of tensions or strained relations (especially between nations)^)
< #alleviation ;
#wn00255926|palliation (^easing the severity of a pain or a disease without removing the cause^)
< #alleviation ;
#wn00256052|liberalization__liberalisation__relaxation (^the act of making less strict^)
< #alleviation ;
#wn00256172|minimization__minimisation (^the act of minimizing something^)
< #step-down ,
! #maximization ;
#wn00256313|depletion (^the act of decreasing something markedly^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00256463|using_up__consumption__expenditure (^the act of consuming something^)
< #depletion ;
#wn00256594|burnup (^the amount of fuel used up (as in a nuclear reactor)^)
< #using_up ;
#wn00256699|exhaustion (^the act of exhausting something entirely^)
< #depletion ;
#wn00256796|compressing__compression (^applying pressure^)
< #press ,
! #decompressing ;
#wn00256957|squeezing__squeeze (^the act of gripping and pressing firmly; "he gave her cheek a playful squeeze"^)
< #compressing ;
#wn00257173|tweak__pinch (^a squeeze with the fingers^)
< #squeezing ;
#wn00257259|decompressing__decompression (^relieving pressure^)
< #press ,
! #compressing ;
#wn00257371|condensing__condensation (^the act of increasing the density of something^)
< #compressing ;
#wn00257507|thickening__inspissation (^the act of thickening^)
< #condensing ;
#wn00257600|compaction__crush__crunch (^the act of crushing^)
< #compressing ;
#wn00257711|grind__mill__pulverization__pulverisation (^the act of grinding^)
< #compaction ;
#wn00257821|expression.squeezing (^the act of forcing something out by squeezing or pressing; "the expression of milk from her breast"^)
< #squeezing ;
#wn00257977|extrusion__expulsion (^squeezing out by applying pressure^)
< #squeezing ;
#wn00258079|shortening (^act of decreasing in length: "the dress needs shortening"^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00258247|abbreviation (^shortening something by omitting parts of it^)
< #shortening ;
#wn00258350|cutting_off__cut__cutting (^the act of shortening something by cutting off the ends; "the barber gave him a good cut"^)
< #shortening ;
#wn00258585|severing__severance (^the act of severing^)
< #cut ;
#wn00258671|snip__clip__clipping (^the act of clipping or snipping^)
< #cutting_off ;
#wn00258771|haircut (^the act of cutting the hair^)
< #cutting_off ;
#wn00258852|clipping__trim__trimming (^cutting down to the desired size or shape^)
< #cutting_off ;
#wn00258984|pruning (^the act of trimming a plant^)
< #clipping ;
#wn00259065|shearing (^removing by cutting off or clipping^)
< #cutting_off ;
#wn00259173|sheepshearing (^act of shearing sheep^)
< #shearing ;
#wn00259254|shrinking (^the act of becoming less^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00259352|miniaturization__miniaturisation (^act of making on a greatly reduced scale^)
< #shrinking ;
#wn00259472|subtraction__deduction (^the act of subtracting (removing a part from the whole); "he complained about the subtraction of money from their paychecks"^)
< #step-down ,
! #addition ;
#wn00259702|withholding (^the act of deducting (taxes) from an employee's salary^)
< #subtraction ;
#wn00259814|abatement (^the act of abating; "laws enforcing noise abatement"^)
< #moderation ;
#wn00259922|attrition (^the act of rubbing together; wearing something down by friction^)
< #detrition ;
#wn00260041|deflation (^the act of letting the air out of something^)
< #step-down ,
! #inflation ;
#wn00260158|price_reduction__discount__deduction (^the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00260295|rollback (^reducing prices back to some earlier level^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00260392|weakening (^the act of reducing the strength of something^)
< #step-down ,
! #strengthening ;
#wn00260547|wilt__wilting (^causing to become limp or drooping^)
< #weakening ;
#wn00260642|dilution (^weakening (reducing the concentration) by the addition of water or a thinner^)
< #weakening ,
! #concentration.strengthening ;
#wn00260809|thinning__cutting (^the act of diluting something; "the cutting of whiskey with water"; "the thinning of paint with turpentine"^)
< #dilution ;
#wn00260981|step-up__increase (^the act of increasing something; "he gave me an increase in salary"^)
< #change_of_magnitude ,
! #step-down ;
#wn00261437|addition (^the act of adding one thing to another; "the addition of flowers created a pleasing effect"; "the addition of a leap day every four years"^)
< #step-up ,
! #subtraction ;
#wn00261684|retrofit (^the act of adding a component or accessory to something that did not have it when it was manufactured; "the court ordered a retrofit on all automobiles"^)
< #addition ;
#wn00261891|advance__rise (^increase in price or value: "the news caused a general advance on the stock market"^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00262035|appreciation (^an increase in price or value over time; "an appreciation of 30% in the value of real estate"^)
< #step-up ,
! #depreciation ;
#wn00262205|depreciation (^a decrease in price or value over time; "depreciation of the dollar against the yen"^)
< #step-down ,
! #appreciation ;
#wn00262366|surge__upsurge (^a sudden or abrupt strong increase: "stimulated a surge of speculation"; "an upsurge of emotion"; "an upsurge in violent crime"^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00262555|fluoridation__fluoridization__fluoridisation (^the addition of a fluoride to the water supply (to prevent dental decay)^)
< #addition ;
#wn00262720|augmentation (^the act of augmenting^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00262800|amplification (^(electricity) the act of increasing voltage or power or current^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00262923|expansion__enlargement (^the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00263161|dilation__dilatation (^the act of expanding an aperture; "the dilation of the pupil of the eye"^)
< #expansion ;
#wn00263337|vasodilation (^dilation of blood vessels (especially the arteries)^)
< #dilation ;
#wn00263447|distention__distension (^the act of expanding by pressure from within^)
< #expansion ;
#wn00263561|stretching (^act of expanding by lengthening or widening^)
< #expansion ;
#wn00263697|tension (^the action of stretching something tight; "tension holds the belt in the pulleys"^)
< #stretching ;
#wn00263832|escalation (^an increase to counteract a perceived discrepancy; "higher wages caused an escalation of prices" or "there was a gradual escalation of hostilities"^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00264036|maximization__maximisation (^the act of maximizing something^)
< #step-up ,
! #minimization ;
#wn00264159|inflation (^a act of filling something with air^)
< #expansion ,
! #deflation ;
#wn00264268|magnification (^the act of expanding something in apparent size^)
< #expansion ;
#wn00264375|exaggeration (^the act of making something more noticeable than usual; "the dance involved a deliberate exaggeration of his awkwardness"^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00264555|extension (^act of expanding in scope; making more widely available: "extension of the program to all in need"^)
< #expansion ;
#wn00264745|spread__spreading (^act of extending over a wider scope or expanse of space or time^)
< #extension ;
#wn00264927|dispersal__dispersion__dissemination__diffusion (^the act of dispersing or diffusing something; "the dispersion of the troops"; "the diffusion of knowledge"^)
< #spread ;
#wn00265149|crop-dusting__spraying (^the dispersion of fungicides or insecticides or fertilizer on growing crops (often from a low-flying aircraft)^)
< #dispersal ;
#wn00265329|strewing__scatter__scattering (^the act of scattering^)
< #spread ;
#wn00265428|contracture (^an abnormal and usually permanent contraction of a muscle^)
< #muscular_contraction ;
#wn00265543|extension.stretching (^act of stretching or straightening out a flexed limb^)
< #stretching ,
! #flexion ;
#wn00265687|hyperextension (^greater than normal extension^)
< #extension.stretching ;
#wn00265777|muscular_contraction__contraction (^(physiology) a shortening or tensing of a part or organ (especially of a muscle or muscle fiber)^)
< #shortening ;
#wn00266044|tetanus (^a sustained muscular contraction resulting from a rapid series of nerve impulses^)
< #muscular_contraction ;
#wn00266178|uterine_contraction (^a rhythmic tightening in labor of the upper uterine musculature that contracts the size of the uterus and pushes the fetus toward the birth canal^)
< #muscular_contraction ;
#wn00266408|Braxton-Hicks_contraction__false_labor (^painless contractions of the muscles of the uterus that continue throughout pregnancy with increasing frequency^)
< #muscular_contraction ;
#wn00266605|vaginismus (^muscular contraction that causes the vagina to close; usually an anxiety reaction before coitus or pelvic examination^)
< #muscular_contraction ;
#wn00266779|stretch (^extension to or beyond the ordinary limit; "running at full stretch"; "by no stretch of the imagination"; "beyond any stretch of his understanding"^)
< #extension ;
#wn00266980|expanding_upon__expansion (^adding information or detail^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00267135|elaboration__amplification (^addition of extra material or illustration or clarifying detail: "a few remarks added in amplification and defense"; "an elaboration of the idea followed"^)
< #expanding_upon ;
#wn00267363|annotating__annotation (^the act of adding notes^)
< #expanding_upon ;
#wn00267456|supplementation__subjunction__subjoining (^the act of supplementing^)
< #expanding_upon ;
#wn00267569|accrual__accumulation__accruement (^the act of accumulating^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00267692|buildup (^the act of building up an accumulation^)
< #accrual ;
#wn00267802|deposit__deposition (^the act of depositing^)
< #buildup ;
#wn00267908|repositing__reposition__storage__warehousing (^depositing in a warehouse^)
< #deposit ;
#wn00268045|stockpiling (^accumulating and storing a reserve supply: "the stockpiling of war materials"^)
< #repositing ;
#wn00268180|inclusion (^the act of including^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00268310|incorporation.inclusion (^including by incorporation^)
< #inclusion ;
#wn00268414|annexation__appropriation (^incorporation by annexation^)
< #incorporation.inclusion ;
#wn00268514|comprehension (^the act of comprising something^)
< #inclusion ;
#wn00268605|containment (^the act of containing something^)
< #inclusion ;
#wn00268694|aggrandizement__aggrandisement__elevation (^the act of increasing the wealth or prestige or power or scope of something^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00268877|self-aggrandizement__self-aggrandisement__ego_trip (^an act undertaken to increase your own power and influence or to draw attention to your own importance^)
< #aggrandizement ;
#wn00269078|strengthening (^the act of increasing the strength of something^)
< #step-up ,
! #weakening ;
#wn00269221|intensification (^action that makes something more intense^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00269359|aggravation__exacerbation (^action that makes a problem or a disease (or its symptoms) worse; "the aggravation of her condition resulted from lack of care"^)
< #intensification ;
#wn00269559|concentration.strengthening (^strengthening the concentration (as of a solute in a mixture) by removing extraneous material^)
< #strengthening ,
! #dilution ;
#wn00269748|pervaporation (^the concentration of a colloidal solution whose colloid will not pass through a semipermeable membrane; solution is placed in a bag of the membrane and the solvent is evaporated off^)
< #concentration.strengthening ;
#wn00269989|focusing__focalization__focalisation (^the act of bringing into focus^)
< #intensification ;
#wn00270122|refocusing (^focusing again^)
< #focusing ;
#wn00270193|change_of_integrity (^the act of changing the unity or wholeness of something^)
< #change ;
#wn00270512|breaking__breakage__break (^the act of breaking something; "the breakage was unavoidable"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00270719|rupture (^the act of making a sudden noisy break^)
< #breaking ;
#wn00270811|smashing__shattering (^the act of breaking something into small pieces^)
< #breaking ;
#wn00270926|fracture.breaking__crack__cracking (^the act of cracking something^)
< #breaking ;
#wn00271029|chipping__chip__splintering (^the act of chipping something^)
< #breaking ;
#wn00271134|explosion.action__burst (^the act of exploding or bursting something; "the explosion of the firecrackers awoke the children"; "the burst of an atom bomb creates enormous radiation aloft"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00271394|detonation (^the act of detonating an explosion^)
< #explosion.action ;
#wn00271503|percussion (^the act of exploding a percussion cap^)
< #detonation ;
#wn00271597|fulmination (^the act of exploding with noise and violence; "his fulminations frightened the horses"^)
< #explosion.action ;
#wn00271741|burning__combustion (^the act of burning something; "the burning of leaves was prohibited by a town ordinance"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00271950|arson__incendiarism__fire-raising (^malicious burning to destroy property; "the British term for arson is fire-raising"^)
< #burning ;
#wn00272115|kindling__ignition__firing__lighting (^the act of starting a fire^)
< #burning ;
#wn00272227|incineration (^the act of burning something completely; reducing it to ashes^)
< #burning ;
#wn00272365|cremation (^the incineration of a dead body^)
< #incineration ;
#wn00272452|compounding__combination__combining (^the act of combining things^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00272707|attachment (^the act of attaching something^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00272812|grafting__graft (^the act of grafting something onto something else^)
< #attachment ;
#wn00272924|commixture__mix__admixture__mixture__mixing (^the act of mixing; "paste made by a mix of flour and water"; "the mixing of sound channels in the recording studio"^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00273133|fusion (^the act of fusing (or melting) together^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00273225|blend.compounding__blending (^the act of blending components together thoroughly^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00273374|conflux__confluence__merging (^a flowing together (as of rivers)^)
< #blend.compounding ;
#wn00273484|homogenization__homogenisation (^the act of homogenizing^)
< #blend.compounding ;
#wn00273585|interspersion__interspersal (^the act of combining one thing at intervals among other things; "the interspersion of illustrations in the text"^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00273772|temperance (^the act of tempering^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00273849|unification__union__uniting (^making or becoming a single unit; "the union of opposing factions"; "he looked forward to the unification of his family for the holidays"^)
< #compounding ;
#wn00274116|coalescence__coalescency__coalition__concretion__conglutination (^the union of diverse things into one body or form or group; the growing together of parts^)
< #unification ;
#wn00274319|reunification__reunion (^the act of coming together again^)
< #unification ;
#wn00274439|umbrella.unification (^having the function of uniting a group of similar things; "the Democratic Party is an umbrella for many liberal groups"; "under the umbrella of capitalism"^)
< #unification ;
#wn00274649|homecoming (^an annual school or university reunion for graduates^)
< #reunification ;
#wn00274758|opening.change_of_integrity (^becoming open or being made open; "the opening of his arms was the sign I was waiting for"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00274920|separation (^the act of dividing or disconnecting^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00275211|break.holdup__interruption__disruption__gap (^an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity; "it was presented without commercial breaks"^)
< #holdup ;
#wn00275446|avulsion (^a forcible tearing or separation of one body part from another^)
< #separation ;
#wn00275563|dissociation (^the act of removing from association^)
< #separation ;
#wn00275658|secession__withdrawal (^formal separation from an alliance or federation^)
< #separation ;
#wn00275793|breakaway__breaking_away (^the act of breaking away or withdrawing from: "there was a breakaway by the discontented members"; "a breaking away from family and neighborhood"^)
< #secession ;
#wn00276010|disunion (^the termination or destruction of union^)
< #separation ;
#wn00276104|disconnection__disjunction (^the act of breaking a connection^)
< #separation ;
#wn00276210|division (^the act or process of dividing^)
< #separation ;
#wn00276547|parcellation (^the division into parcels; "the increasing parcellation of land with every generation"^)
< #division ;
#wn00276692|cleavage (^the act of cleaving or splitting^)
< #division ;
#wn00276779|bisection (^dividing into two equal parts^)
< #division ;
#wn00276864|quartering (^dividing into four equal parts^)
< #division ;
#wn00276951|schism__split (^division of a group into opposing factions; "another schism like that and they will wind up in bankruptcy"^)
< #division ;
#wn00277118|cut__cutting (^the act of cutting something into parts; "his cuts were skillful"; "his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess"^)
< #division ;
#wn00277363|dissection (^cutting so as to separate into pieces^)
< #cut ;
#wn00277457|scission (^the act of dividing by cutting or splitting^)
< #cut ;
#wn00277555|slicing (^the act of cutting into slices^)
< #cut ;
#wn00277639|cut.opening__cutting (^the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge; "his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels"^)
< #opening.change_of_integrity ;
#wn00277861|nick__notch__snick (^a small cut^)
< #cut.opening ;
#wn00277939|slash__gash (^a strong sweeping cut made with a sharp instrument^)
< #cut.opening ;
#wn00278048|fragmentation__atomization__atomisation (^separating something into fine particles^)
< #division ;
#wn00278176|branching__ramification__fork__forking (^the act of branching out or dividing into branches^)
< #division ;
#wn00278386|bifurcation (^splitting into two branches^)
< #branching ;
#wn00278471|trifurcation (^splitting into three branches^)
< #branching ;
#wn00278559|divarication (^branching at a wide angle^)
< #branching ;
#wn00278643|fibrillation (^act or process of forming fibrils^)
< #branching ;
#wn00278735|dichotomization__dichotomisation (^the act of dividing into two sharply different categories^)
< #division ;
#wn00278872|quantization__quantisation (^the act of dividing into quanta or expressing in terms of quantum theory^)
< #division ;
#wn00279018|fractionation (^separation into portions^)
< #division ;
#wn00279102|pairing (^the act of grouping things or people in pairs^)
< #grouping ;
#wn00279201|punctuation (^the use of certain marks to clarify meaning of written material by grouping words grammatically into sentences and clauses and phrases^)
< #grouping ;
#wn00279430|hyphenation (^connecting syllables and words by hyphens^)
< #punctuation ;
#wn00279548|syllabication__syllabification (^forming or dividing words into syllables^)
< #division ;
#wn00279666|word_division__hyphenation (^division of a word especially at the end of a line on a page^)
< #division ;
#wn00279819|disengagement__detachment (^the act of releasing from an attachment or connection^)
< #separation ;
#wn00279945|tear (^the act of tearing; "he took the manuscript in both hands and gave it a mighty tear"^)
< #separation ;
#wn00280116|laceration (^the act of lacerating^)
< #tear ;
#wn00280194|rent.tear__rip__split (^the act of rending or ripping or splitting something; "he gave the envelope a vigorous rip"^)
< #tear ;
#wn00280350|removal__remotion (^the act of removing; "he had surgery for the removal of a malignancy"^)
< #separation ;
#wn00280772|drawing_off__drawing (^act of getting or draining something such as electricity or a liquid from a source: "the drawing of water from the well"^)
< #drain ;
#wn00280996|derivation (^drawing off water from its main channel as for irrigation^)
< #drawing_off ;
#wn00281110|derivation.drawing_off (^drawing of fluid or inflammation away from a diseased part of the body^)
< #drawing_off ;
#wn00281237|abscission.remotion__cutting_off (^the act of cutting something off^)
< #removal ;
#wn00281358|abstraction.remotion (^the act of withdrawing or removing something^)
< #removal ;
#wn00281460|extraction (^the act of pulling out (as a tooth); "the dentist gave her a local anesthetic prior to the extraction"^)
< #removal ;
#wn00281619|threshing (^the separation of grain or seeds from the husks and straw; "they used to do the threshing by hand but now there are machines to do it"^)
< #separation.sorting ;
#wn00281809|cutting_out__ablation__extirpation__excision (^surgical removal of a body part or tissue^)
< #surgical_operation ;
#wn00282574|autotomy (^spontaneous removal or casting off of a body part (as the tail of a lizard or claw or a lobster) especially when the organism is injured or under attack^)
< #removal ;
#wn00282781|decontamination (^the removal of contaminants^)
< #removal ,
! #contamination ;
#wn00282888|deletion (^the act of deleting something written or printed^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283045|denudation__stripping__uncovering__baring__husking (^the removal of covering^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283205|dermabrasion (^removal of scars or tattoos by anesthetizing the skin surface and then sanding or wire-brushing off some of the outer skin layer^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283392|dislodgment__dislodgement (^forced removal from a position of advantage^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283508|riddance__elimination (^the act of removing or getting rid of something^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283642|elimination (^the act of removing an unknown mathematical quantity by combining equations^)
< #removal ;
#wn00283775|circumcision (^surgical removal of the foreskin of males^)
< #abscission.remotion ;
#wn00283875|emptying__voidance__evacuation (^the act of removing the contents of something^)
< #removal ;
#wn00284017|drainage__drain (^emptying accomplished by draining^)
< #emptying ;
#wn00284113|bank_withdrawal (^the withdrawal of money from your account at a bank^)
< #withdrawal.remotion ;
#wn00284244|bank_run (^the concerted action of depositors who try to withdraw their money from a bank because the think it will fail^)
< #bank_withdrawal ;
#wn00284408|disinvestment (^the withdrawal of capital from a country or corporation^)
< #withdrawal.remotion ;
#wn00284523|rinsing__rinse (^the removal of soap with clean water in the final stage of washing^)
< #removal ;
#wn00284670|bowdlerization__bowdlerisation__expurgation (^the deletion of all passages considered to be indecent^)
< #deletion ;
#wn00284816|censoring__censorship (^deleting parts of publications or correspondence or theatrical performances^)
< #deletion ;
#wn00284996|Bowdlerism (^censorship in the form of prudish expurgation^)
< #censoring ;
#wn00285098|Comstockery (^censorship because of perceived obscenity or immorality^)
< #censoring ;
#wn00285211|expunction__expunging__erasure (^deletion by an act of expunging or erasing^)
< #deletion ;
#wn00285332|sectionalization__division__partition__partitioning__segmentation__sectionalisation (^the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart^)
< #separation ;
#wn00285626|subdivision (^the act of subdividing; division of something previously divided^)
< #sectionalization ;
#wn00285748|septation (^the division or partitioning of a cavity into parts by a septum^)
< #sectionalization ;
#wn00285867|transformation__translation (^the act of transforming; "a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional surface"^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00286130|permutation.transformation (^complete change in character or condition: "the permutations...taking place in the physical world"- Henry Miller^)
< #transformation ;
#wn00286300|revision__alteration (^the act of revising or altering (involving reconsideration and modification); "it would require a drastic revision of his opinion"^)
< #transformation ;
#wn00286534|transfiguration (^the act of transforming so as to exalt or glorify^)
< #transformation ;
#wn00286645|transmogrification (^changing into a different form or appearance especially a fantastic or grotesque one: "transmogrification into a porcupine"^)
< #transformation ;
#wn00286833|conversion.change (^the act of changing from one use or function or purpose to another^)
< #change ;
#wn00287010|afforestation (^the conversion of bare or cultivated land into forest (originally for the purpose of hunting)^)
< #conversion.change ;
#wn00287163|reforestation__re-afforestation (^the restoration (replanting) of a forest that had been reduced by fire or cutting^)
< #reclamation ;
#wn00287323|rehabilitation (^the restoration of someone to a useful place in society^)
< #restoration ;
#wn00287493|correctional_rehabilitation (^providing penal custody or probation or parole for convicted offenders^)
< #rehabilitation ;
#wn00287637|physical_rehabilitation__physical_restoration__therapeutic_rehabilitation (^providing help for disabled persons; the removal or reduction of disabilities^)
< #rehabilitation ;
#wn00287836|urban_renewal (^the clearing and rebuilding and redevelopment of urban slums^)
< #reclamation ;
#wn00287956|vocational_rehabilitation (^providing training in a specific trade with the aim of gaining employment^)
< #rehabilitation ;
#wn00288101|reinstatement (^the act of restoring someone to a previous position; "we insisted on the reinstatement of the colonel"^)
< #restoration ;
#wn00288263|rejuvenation (^the act of restoring to a more youthful condition^)
< #restoration ;
#wn00288389|refreshment (^act of refreshing or renewing strength or liveliness^)
< #rejuvenation ;
#wn00288499|metamorphosis (^a complete change of physical form or substance especially as by magic or witchcraft^)
< #transformation ;
#wn00288643|metamorphosis.revision (^a striking change in appearance or character or circumstances: "the metamorphosis of the old house into something new and exciting"^)
< #revision ;
#wn00288834|filling (^a act of filling something^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00288950|saturation (^the act of saturating something^)
< #filling ;
#wn00289038|hardening (^the act of making something harder (firmer or tighter or more compact)^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00289182|annealing__tempering (^hardening something by heat treatment^)
< #hardening ;
#wn00289287|scathe__damage__harm__hurt (^the act of damaging something or someone^)
< #change_of_integrity ;
#wn00289475|impairment (^damage that results in a reduction of strength or quality^)
< #scathe ;
#wn00289589|defacement__disfigurement__disfiguration (^the act of damaging the appearance or surface of something; "the defacement of an Italian mosaic during the Turkish invasion"; "he objected to the dam's massive disfigurement of the landscape"^)
< #scathe ;
#wn00289870|wounding__wound (^the act of inflicting a wound^)
< #scathe ;
#wn00289962|burn (^damage inflicted by burning^)
< #scathe ;
#wn00290058|scald (^the act of burning with steam or hot water^)
< #burn ;
#wn00290152|updating (^the act of changing something to bring it up to date (usually by adding something); "criminal records need regular updating"^)
< #change ;
#wn00290331|change_of_shape (^an action that changes the shape of something^)
< #change ;
#wn00290636|contortion__deformation (^the act of twisting or deforming the shape of something (e.g., yourself)^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00290779|convolution (^the action of coiling or twisting or winding together^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00290890|angulation (^the act of making angulate (having corners)^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00290990|bending (^the act of bending something^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00291126|flexion (^act of bending a joint; especially a joint between the bones of a limb so that the angle between them is decreased^)
< #bending ,
! #extension.stretching ;
#wn00291348|flex (^the act of flexing; "he gave his biceps a flex to impress the ladies"^)
< #flexion ;
#wn00291468|crouch (^the act of bending low with the limbs close to the body^)
< #bending ;
#wn00291576|dorsiflexion (^the act of bending backward (of the body or a body part)^)
< #flexion ;
#wn00291691|elongation (^the act of lengthening something^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00291780|hunch (^the act of bending yourself up together^)
< #bending ;
#wn00291871|enfolding__involution (^the action of enfolding something^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00291973|folding__fold (^the act of folding; "he gave the napkins a double fold"^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00292107|pleating__plication (^folding in parallel folds^)
< #folding ;
#wn00292199|indentation (^the act of indenting^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00292277|protrusion__projection__jut__jutting (^the act of projecting out from something^)
< #change_of_shape ;
#wn00292403|widening__broadening (^the act of making something wider^)
< #change_of_shape ,
! #narrowing ;
#wn00292522|narrowing (^the act of making something narrower^)
< #change_of_shape ,
! #widening ;
#wn00292632|activity (^$(distinct)$ any specific activity or pursuit; "they avoided all recreational activity"^)
< #human_action ,
! #inactivity ;
#wn00293985|domesticity (^domestic activities or life: "making a hobby of domesticity"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00294103|operation (^a planned activity involving many people performing various actions: "they organized a rescue operation"; "the biggest police operation in French history"; "running a restaurant is quite an operation"; "consolidate the companies various operations"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00294425|rescue_operation (^an operation organized to free from danger or confinement^)
< #operation ;
#wn00294545|practice__pattern (^a customary way of operation or behavior; "it is their practice to give annual raises"; "they changed their dietary pattern"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00295130|praxis__practice (^translating an idea into action; "a hard theory to put into practice"; "differences between theory and praxis of communism"^)
< #effectuation ;
#wn00295317|biologism (^use of biological principles in explaining human especially social behavior^)
< #practice ;
#wn00295448|cooperation.practice (^the practice of cooperating: "economic cooperation"; "they agreed on a policy of cooperation"^)
< #practice ;
#wn00295599|featherbedding (^the practice (usually by a labor union) of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are required^)
< #practice ;
#wn00295763|formalism (^the practice of scrupulous adherence to prescribed or external forms^)
< #practice ;
#wn00295887|one-upmanship (^the practice of keeping one jump ahead of a friend or competitor^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296011|symbolism (^the practice of investing things with symbolic meaning^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296121|modernism (^practices typical of contemporary life or thought^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296226|cannibalism (^the practice of eating the flesh of your own kind^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296333|careerism (^the practice of advancing your career at the expense of your personal integrity^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296468|usage__custom__usance (^accepted or habitual practice^)
< #practice ;
#wn00296693|Americanism (^a custom that is peculiar to the US or its citizens^)
< #usage ;
#wn00296802|Anglicism__Britishism (^a custom that is peculiar to England or its citizens^)
< #usage ;
#wn00296923|consuetude (^a custom or usage that has acquired the force of law^)
< #usage ;
#wn00297032|couvade (^a custom among some peoples whereby the husband of a pregnant wife is put to bed at the time of bearing the child^)
< #usage ;
#wn00297199|Germanism (^a custom that is peculiar to Germany or its citizens^)
< #usage ;
#wn00297307|wont__habit__use (^a pattern of behavior acquired through frequent repetition; "she had a habit twirling the ends of her hair"; "long use had hardened him to it"^)
< #usage ;
#wn00297586|ritual.wont (^stereotyped behavior^)
< #wont ;
#wn00297659|second_nature (^acquired behavior that is practiced so long it seems innate^)
< #wont ;
#wn00297778|habitude (^habitual mode of behavior^)
< #practice ;
#wn00297876|daily_round__round (^the usual activities in your day; "the doctor made his rounds"^)
< #habitude ;
#wn00298004|fashion (^characteristic or habitual practice^)
< #practice ;
#wn00298111|slavery (^the practice of slaveholding^)
< #practice ;
#wn00298193|peonage (^the practice of making a debtor work for his creditor until the debt is discharged^)
< #practice ;
#wn00298329|way_of_life__way__path (^a course of conduct; "the path of virtue"; "we went our separate ways"; "our paths in life led us apart"; "genius usually follows a revolutionary path"^)
< #course_of_action ;
#wn00298641|free-living (^a way of life given to easy indulgence of the appetites^)
< #way_of_life ;
#wn00298754|primrose_path (^a life of ease and pleasure^)
< #way_of_life ;
#wn00298841|straight_and_narrow__strait_and_narrow (^the way of proper and honest behavior; "he taught his children to keep strictly to the straight and narrow"^)
< #way_of_life ;
#wn00299034|vanity_fair (^a vain and frivolous way of life especially in large cities (after a fair held in the town of Vanity in Pilgrim's Progress)^)
< #way_of_life ;
#wn00299215|warpath (^a course leading to warfare or battle^)
< #way_of_life ;
#wn00299306|line_of_least_resistance__path_of_least_resistance (^the easiest way; "In marrying him she simply took the path of least resistance"^)
< #fashion ;
#wn00299483|unwritten_law (^law based on customary behavior^)
< #practice ;
#wn00299574|lynch_law (^the practice of punishing people by hanging without due process of law^)
< #practice ;
#wn00299700|embracing__embrace (^the act of clasping another person in the arms (as in greeting or affection)^)
< #clutches ;
#wn00299878|cuddle__nestle__snuggle (^a close and affectionate (and often prolonged) embrace^)
< #embracing ;
#wn00300004|hug__clinch (^a tight embrace^)
< #embracing ;
#wn00300078|mistreatment (^the practice of treating (someone or something) badly; "he should be punished for his mistreatment of his mother"^)
< #practice ;
#wn00300340|annoying__annoyance__irritation__vexation (^the act of troubling or annoying someone^)
< #mistreatment ;
#wn00300489|disregard__neglect (^lack of care and attention^)
< #mistreatment ;
#wn00300581|victimization__exploitation__victimisation__using (^an act that exploits or victimizes someone^)
< #mistreatment ;
#wn00300740|molestation__harassment (^tormenting by continued persistent attacks and criticism^)
< #mistreatment ;
#wn00300957|maltreatment__ill-treatment__ill-usage__abuse (^cruel or inhumane treatment^)
< #mistreatment ;
#wn00301151|child_abuse (^the physical or emotional or sexual mistreatment of children^)
< #maltreatment ;
#wn00301269|child_neglect (^failure of caretakers to provide adequate emotional and physical care for a child^)
< #maltreatment ;
#wn00301410|persecution (^the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)^)
< #maltreatment ;
#wn00301590|repression (^the act of repressing; control by holding down; "his goal was the repression of insolence"^)
< #control ;
#wn00301737|impalement (^the act of piercing with a sharpened stake as a form of punishment or torture^)
< #inhuman_treatment ;
#wn00301871|subjugation__oppression (^the act of subjugating by cruelty^)
< #persecution ;
#wn00301975|pogrom (^organized persecution of an ethnic group (especially Jews)^)
< #persecution ;
#wn00302086|torturing__torture (^the act of torturing someone; "it required unnatural torturing to extract a confession"^)
< #persecution ;
#wn00302293|strappado (^torture in which a person's hands and tied behind their back and they are lifted off the ground by a rope tied to their wrists and that allowed to drop until their fall is checked by the rope^)
< #torturing ;
#wn00302540|excruciation__crucifixion (^the infliction of extremely painful punishment or suffering^)
< #torturing ;
#wn00302672|inhuman_treatment__cruelty (^a cruel act; a deliberate infliction of pain and suffering^)
< #maltreatment ;
#wn00302840|inhumanity__atrocity (^a act of atrocious cruelty^)
< #inhuman_treatment ;
#wn00302988|brutality__barbarity__barbarism__savagery (^a brutal barbarous savage act^)
< #inhumanity ;
#wn00303108|outrage (^a wantonly cruel act^)
< #inhumanity ;
#wn00303182|baiting (^harassment especially of a tethered animal^)
< #molestation ;
#wn00303278|badgering__worrying__torment__bedevilment (^the act of harassing someone^)
< #molestation ;
#wn00303397|exasperation (^actions that cause great irritation (or even anger)^)
< #annoying ;
#wn00303525|sexual_harassment (^unwelcome sexual behavior by a supervisor toward an employee^)
< #molestation ;
#wn00303649|tease__teasing__ribbing (^the act of harassing someone playfully or maliciously (especially by ridicule); provoking someone with persistent annoyances; "he ignored their teases"; "his ribbing was gentle but persistent"^)
< #molestation ;
#wn00303913|witch-hunt (^searching out and harassing dissenters^)
< #molestation ;
#wn00304026|McCarthyism (^unscrupulously accusing people of disloyalty (as by saying they were Communists)^)
< #witch-hunt ;
#wn00304164|colonialism (^exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one; the use of the weaker country's resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger country^)
< #victimization ;
#wn00304377|neocolonialism (^control by a powerful country of its former colonies (or other less developed countries) by economic pressures^)
< #colonialism ;
#wn00304548|recreation__diversion (^an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates^)
< #activity ;
#wn00304971|child's_play__play (^play by children that is guided more by imagination than by fixed rules; "Freud believed in the utility of play to a small child"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00305220|house.child's_play (^play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults; "the children were playing house"^)
< #child's_play ;
#wn00305412|doctor (^children take the roles of doctor or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the doctor's office; "the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor"^)
< #child's_play ;
#wn00305637|fireman (^play in which children take the roles of firemen and pretend to put out a fire^)
< #child's_play ;
#wn00305769|pastime__interest (^a subject or pursuit that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly): "sailing is her favorite pastime"; "his main pastime is gambling"; "he counts reading among his interests"; "they criticized the boy for his limited interests"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00306092|avocation__by-line__hobby__sideline__spare-time_activity (^an auxiliary activity^)
< #pastime ;
#wn00306238|escapism__escape (^an inclination to retreat from unpleasant realities through diversion or fantasy; "he escaped into romantic novels"; "his alcohol problem was a form of escapism"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00306463|cup_of_tea__bag__dish (^an activity that you like or at which you are superior; "chemistry is not my cup of tea"; "his bag now is learning to play golf"; "marriage was scarcely his dish"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00306695|sport.recreation__athletics (^an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00307110|sport (^the occupation of athletes who compete for pay^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00307334|contact_sport (^a sport that necessarily involves body contact between opposing players^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00307537|outdoor_sport__field_sport (^a sport that is played outdoors^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00307678|gymnastics (^a sport that involves exercises intended to display strength and balance and agility^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00307837|acrobatics__tumbling (^the gymnastic moves of an acrobat^)
< #gymnastics ,
p #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00307957|backbend (^an acrobatic feat in which the trunk is bent backward from a standing position until the hands touch the floor^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00308122|back_circle (^a feat in which an acrobat arches the back from a prone position and bends the knees until the toes touch the head^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00308294|walkover (^backbends combined with handstands^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00308383|cartwheel (^acrobatic revolutions with the body turned sideways and the arms and legs outstretched like the spokes of a wheel^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00308552|handstand (^the act of supporting yourself by your hands alone in an upside down position^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ,
p #kick_up ;
#wn00308704|kick_up (^raising the feet backward with the hands on the ground; a first movement in doing a handstand^)
< #physical_exercise ;
#wn00308870|handspring (^an acrobatic feat in which a person goes from a standing position to a handstand and back again^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00309022|headstand (^an acrobatic feat in which a person balances on the head (usually with the help of the hands)^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00309171|tumble (^an acrobatic feat of rolling or turning end over end^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00309294|split (^extending the legs at right angles to the trunks (one in front and the other in back)^)
< #acrobatic_stunt ;
#wn00309431|acrobatic_stunt__acrobatic_feat (^a stunt performed by an acrobat^)
< #stunt ;
#wn00309722|stock_split__split__split_up (^an increase in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders' equity; "they announced a two-for-one split of the common stock"^)
< #step-up ;
#wn00309963|reverse_split__reverse_stock_split__split_down (^a decrease in the number of outstanding shares of a corporation without changing the shareholders' equity^)
< #step-down ;
#wn00310163|somersault__somersaulting__flip (^an acrobatic feat in which the feet roll over the head (either forward or backward) and return^)
< #tumble ;
#wn00310355|flip-flop (^a backward somersault^)
< #somersault ;
#wn00310432|track_and_field (^participating in athletic sports performed on a running track or on the field associated with it^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00310645|track__running (^the act of participating in an athletic competition involving running on a track^)
< #track_and_field ;
#wn00310806|jumping (^the act of participating in an athletic competition in which you must jump^)
< #track_and_field ;
#wn00310952|skiing (^a sport in which participants must travel on skis^)
< #sport.recreation ,
p #traverse ;
#wn00311109|cross-country_skiing (^the sport of skiing across the countryside (rather than downhill)^)
< #skiing ;
#wn00311241|ski_jumping (^the act of performing a jump of skis from a high ramp overhanging a snow covered slope^)
< #skiing ;
#wn00311385|kick_turn (^a standing turn made in skiing; one ski is raised to the vertical and pivoted backward to become parallel with the other ski but headed in the opposite direction and then the other ski is aligned with the first^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00311651|stem_turn__stem (^a turn made in skiing; the back of one ski is forced outward and the other ski is brought parallel to it^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00311818|telemark (^a turn made in skiing; the outside ski is placed ahead and turned gradually inwards^)
< #turn.change_of_course ;
#wn00311956|water_sport__aquatics (^sports that involve bodies of water^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00312114|swimming__swim (^the act of swimming^)
< #water_sport ;
#wn00312267|bathe (^the act of swimming; "the Englishman said he had a good bathe"^)
< #swimming ;
#wn00312381|bathing (^immersing the body in water or sunshine^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00312510|sea_bathing (^bathing in the sea or ocean^)
< #bathing ;
#wn00312595|sun_bathing (^immersing the body in sunlight^)
< #bathing ;
#wn00312683|dip__plunge (^a brief swim in water^)
< #swimming ;
#wn00312763|dive__diving (^a headlong plunge into water^)
< #swimming ;
#wn00312977|belly_flop__belly_flopper__belly_whop__belly_whopper (^a dive in which the abdomen bears the main force of impact with the water^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313152|cliff_diving (^diving into the water from a steep overhanging cliff^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313263|flip (^a dive in which the diver somersaults before entering the water^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313377|full_gainer__gainer (^a dive in which the diver throws the feet forward to complete a full backward somersault and enters the water feet first and facing away from the diving board^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313602|half_gainer (^a dive in which the diver throws the feet forward and up to complete a half backward somersault and enters the water facing the diving board^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313800|jackknife (^a dive in which the diver bends to touch the ankles before straightening out^)
< #dive ;
#wn00313932|swan_dive__swallow_dive (^a dive in which the diver arches the back with arms outstretched before entering the water^)
< #dive ;
#wn00314093|skin_diving__skin-dive (^underwater swimming with a breathing apparatus^)
< #swimming ;
#wn00314245|scuba_diving (^skin diving with scuba apparatus^)
< #skin_diving ;
#wn00314336|snorkeling__snorkel_diving (^skin diving with a snorkel^)
< #skin_diving ;
#wn00314436|surfing__surfboarding__surfriding (^the sport of riding a surfboard toward the shore on the crest of a wave^)
< #water_sport ;
#wn00314589|water-skiing (^skiing on water while being towed by a motorboat^)
< #water_sport ;
#wn00314696|rowing__row (^the act of rowing as a sport^)
< #sport.recreation ,
p #feathering ;
#wn00314838|crab.rowing (^a stroke of the oar that either misses the water or digs too deeply; "he caught a crab and lost the race"^)
< #rowing ;
#wn00314994|sculling (^rowing by a single oarsman in a racing shell^)
< #rowing ;
#wn00315093|boxing__pugilism__fisticuffs (^fighting with the fists^)
< #contact_sport ;
#wn00315265|professional_boxing (^boxing for money^)
< #boxing #sport ;
#wn00315365|in-fighting.boxing (^boxing at close quarters^)
< #boxing ;
#wn00315447|fight.boxing__bout (^a boxing match; "the fight was on television last night"^)
< #boxing ;
#wn00315562|sparring (^making the motions of attack and defense with the fists and arms; a part of training for a boxer^)
< #boxing ;
#wn00315713|archery (^the sport of shooting arrows with a bow^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00315806|sledding (^the sport of riding on a sled or sleigh^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00315936|tobogganing (^riding on a long light sled with low handrails^)
< #sledding ;
#wn00316058|luging (^riding a light one-man toboggan^)
< #tobogganing ;
#wn00316142|bobsledding (^riding on a bobsled^)
< #sledding ;
#wn00316219|wrestling__rassling__grappling (^the sport of hand-to-hand struggle between unarmed contestants who try to throw each other down^)
< #contact_sport ,
p #wrestling_hold ;
#wn00316448|professional_wrestling (^wrestling for money^)
< #wrestling #sport ;
#wn00316554|flying_mare (^a wrestling maneuver^)
< #wrestling ;
#wn00316632|skating (^the sport of gliding on skates^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00316770|ice_skating (^skating on ice^)
< #skating ;
#wn00316860|figure_skating (^ice skating where the skates trace outlines of selected figures^)
< #ice_skating ;
#wn00316984|roller_skating (^skating on wheels^)
< #skating ;
#wn00317062|skateboarding (^the sport of skating on a skateboard^)
< #skating ;
#wn00317158|racing (^the sport of engaging in contests of speed^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00317325|boat_racing (^the sport of racing boats^)
< #racing ;
#wn00317426|hydroplane_racing (^racing in high-speed motor boats^)
< #boat_racing ;
#wn00317522|camel_racing (^the sport of racing camels^)
< #racing ;
#wn00317607|greyhound_racing (^the sport of racing greyhounds^)
< #racing ;
#wn00317700|horse_racing (^the sport of racing horses^)
< #racing ;
#wn00317785|equitation__riding__horseback_riding (^riding a horse as a sport^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00317931|equestrian_sport (^a sport that tests horsemanship^)
< #equitation ;
#wn00318097|pony-trekking (^(British) a sport in which people ride across country on ponies^)
< #equitation ;
#wn00318220|showjumping__stadium_jumping (^riding horses in competitions over set courses to demonstrate skill in jumping over obstacles^)
< #equestrian_sport ;
#wn00318408|cross-country_riding__cross-country_jumping (^riding horses across country over obstructions to demonstrate horsemanship^)
< #equestrian_sport ;
#wn00318592|cycling (^the sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00318749|bicycling (^riding a bicycle^)
< #cycling ;
#wn00318821|motorcycling (^riding a motorcycle; "motorcycling is a dangerous sport"^)
< #cycling ;
#wn00318936|dune_cycling (^bicycling or motorcycling on sand dunes^)
< #cycling ;
#wn00319034|bloodsport (^sport that involves killing animals (especially hunting)^)
< #sport.recreation ;
#wn00319201|bullfighting (^the activity at a bullfight^)
< #bloodsport ,
p #moment_of_truth.instant ;
#wn00319306|cockfighting (^participation in the sport of matching gamecocks in a cockfight^)
< #bloodsport ;
#wn00319428|hunt.outdoor_sport__hunting (^the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport^)
< #outdoor_sport #bloodsport ;
#wn00319703|battue (^a hunt in which beaters force the game to flee in the direction of the hunter^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00319833|beagling (^hunting rabbits with beagles^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00319916|coursing (^hunting with dogs that are trained to chase game by sight instead of by scent^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320048|deer_hunting__deer_hunt (^hunting deer^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320131|ducking__duck_hunting (^hunting ducks^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320213|fox_hunting__foxhunt (^mounted hunters follow hounds in pursuit of a fox^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320330|pigsticking (^the sport of hunting wild boar with spears^)
< #hunt.outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320430|farming__land (^working the land as an occupation or way of life; "farming is a strenuous life"; "there's no work on the land any more"^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00320610|fishing (^the act of someone who fishes as a diversion^)
< #outdoor_sport ;
#wn00320744|fishing.business_enterprise (^the occupation of catching fish^)
< #business_enterprise ;
#wn00320829|angling (^fishing with a hook and line (and usually a pole)^)
< #fishing ;
#wn00320950|fly-fishing (^angling with an artificial fly as a lure^)
< #angling ;
#wn00321048|casting.fishing__cast (^the act of throwing a fishing line out over the water by means of a rod and reel^)
< #fishing ;
#wn00321261|bait_casting (^the single-handed rod casting of a relatively heavy (artificial) bait^)
< #casting.fishing ;
#wn00321389|fly_casting (^casting an artificial fly as a lure^)
< #casting.fishing ;
#wn00321482|overcast (^a cast that falls beyond the intended spot^)
< #casting.fishing ;
#wn00321579|surf_casting__surf_fishing (^casting (artificial) bait far out into the ocean (up to 200 yards) with the waves breaking around you^)
< #casting.fishing ;
#wn00321754|game.activity (^a contest with rules to determine a winner; "you need four people to play this game"^)
< #activity ,
p #turn.activity ;
#wn00322070|game (^a single play of a game; "the game lasted 2 hours"^)
< #contest.social_event ;
#wn00322315|shutout (^a game in which one side fails to score^)
< #game ;
#wn00322408|day_game (^a game played in daylight^)
< #outdoor_game ,
! #night_game ;
#wn00322506|night_game (^a game played under artificial illumination at night^)
< #outdoor_game ,
! #day_game ;
#wn00322633|away_game__road_game (^a game played away from home^)
< #game ,
! #home_game ;
#wn00322747|home_game (^a game played at home^)
< #game ,
! #away_game ;
#wn00322842|exhibition_game__practice_game (^a game whose outcome is not recorded in the season's standing^)
< #game ;
#wn00322981|follow-on (^an immediate second innings forced on a cricket team scoring a prescribed number of runs fewer than it opponents in the first innings^)
< #innings ;
#wn00323170|innings (^the batting turn of a cricket player or team^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00323305|turn.activity__play (^the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00323621|attack.turn (^an offensive move in a sport or game; "they won the game with a 10-hit attack in the 9th inning"^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00323770|down (^a complete play to advance the football; "you have 4 downs to gain 10 yards"^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00323897|at-bat__bat (^a turn batting (in baseball); "he was at bat when it happened" or "he got 4 hits in 4 at-bats"^)
< #turn.activity ;
#wn00324050|game.recreation (^an amusement or pastime; "he thought of his painting as a game that filled his empty time"; "his life was all fun and games"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00324405|catch (^a cooperative game in which a ball is passed back and forth; "he played catch with his son in the backyard"^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00324564|party_game (^a game to amuse guests at a party^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00324654|computer_game__video_game (^a game played against a computer^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00324777|virtual_reality (^a hypothetical three-dimensional visual world created by a computer; user wears special goggles and fiber optic gloves etc., and can enter and move about in this world and interact with objects as if inside it^)
< #computer_game ;
#wn00325048|pinball_game__pinball (^a game played on a sloping board; the object is to propel marbles against pins or into pockets^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00325229|pachinko (^a Japanese pinball game played on a vertical board^)
< #pinball_game ;
#wn00325334|guessing_game (^a game in which participants compete to identify some obscurely indicated thing^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00325491|charades (^player acts out a phrase for others to guess^)
< #guessing_game ,
p #charade ;
#wn00325609|ducks_and_drakes (^a game in which a flat stone is bounced along the surface of calm water^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00325743|paper_chase__hare_and_hounds (^an outdoor game; the hares start off on a long run scattering bits of paper (the scent) and the hounds try to catch them before they reach a designated spot^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00325975|ring-around-the-rosy__ring-around-a-rosy__ring-a-rosy (^a children's game in which the players dance around in a circle and at a given signal all squat^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00326172|prisoner's_base (^a children's game; two teams capture opposing players by tagging them and taking them to their own base^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00326337|treasure_hunt (^a game in which players try to find hidden articles by using a series of clues^)
< #game.recreation ;
#wn00326475|nightcap (^the final game of a double header^)
< #game ;
#wn00326582|twin_bill__doubleheader__double_feature (^two instead of one^)
< #game ,
p #nightcap ;
#wn00326707|playoff_game (^one game in the series of games constituting a playoff^)
< #game ;
#wn00326839|cup_tie (^an eliminating game between teams in a cup competition^)
< #game ;
#wn00326947|war_game (^a simulated battle for training military commanders^)
< #simulation ;
#wn00327053|curling (^(Scotland) a game played on ice; curling stones (heavy stones with handles) are slid toward a target^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00327207|bowling.game (^a game in which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00327451|tenpins__tenpin_bowling (^bowling down an alley at a target of ten wooden pins^)
< #bowling.game ;
#wn00327574|ninepins__skittles (^bowling down an alley at a target of nine wooden pins^)
< #bowling.game ;
#wn00327693|duckpins (^a bowling game using a pin smaller than a tenpin but proportionately wider^)
< #bowling.game ;
#wn00327822|candlepins__candlepin_bowling (^a bowling game using slender bowling pins^)
< #bowling.game ;
#wn00327940|lawn_bowling (^a bowling game played on a lawn with wooden balls that are rolled at a jack^)
< #bowling.game ;
#wn00328110|bocce__bocci__boccie (^Italian lawn bowling (played on a long narrow dirt court)^)
< #lawn_bowling ;
#wn00328236|bowls (^lawn bowling at a jack using biased wooden balls^)
< #lawn_bowling ;
#wn00328336|pall-mall (^a 17th century game; a wooden ball was driven along an alley with a mallet^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00328466|athletic_game (^a game involving athletic activity^)
< #sport.recreation #game.activity ,
p #maneuver #regulation_time #extra_time #playing_period #time-out ;
#wn00328763|ice_hockey__hockey__hockey_game (^a game played on an ice rink by two opposing teams of 6 skaters each who try to knock a flat round puck into the opponents' goal with hockey sticks^)
< #athletic_game #contact_sport ,
p #face-off #icing_the_puck #check.obstruction #slapshot ;
#wn00329084|goalkeeper__goalie__goaltender__netkeeper (^the defensive position on an ice hockey or soccer or lacrosse team who stands in front of the goal and tries to prevent opposing players from scoring^)
< #position.role ;
#wn00329324|tetherball (^a game with two players who use rackets to strike a ball that is tethered to the top of a pole; the object is to wrap the string around the pole^)
< #athletic_game ;
#wn00329525|water_polo (^a game played in a swimming pool by two teams of swimmers who try to throw an inflated ball into the opponents' goal^)
< #athletic_game ;
#wn00329698|outdoor_game (^an athletic game that is played outdoors^)
< #athletic_game ;
#wn00329923|golf_game__golf (^a game played on a large open course with 9 or 18 holes; the object is use as few strokes as possible in playing all the holes^)
< #outdoor_game ;
#wn00330220|professional_golf (^playing golf for money^)
< #golf_game #sport ;
#wn00330324|round_of_golf__round (^the activity of playing 18 holes of golf; "a round of golf takes about 4 hours"^)
< #golf_game ;
#wn00330471|medal_play__stroke_play (^golf scoring by total strokes taken^)
< #golf_game ;
#wn00330577|match_play (^golf scoring by holes won^)
< #golf_game ;
#wn00330659|miniature_golf (^a novelty version of golf played with golf balls and putters on a miniature course featuring many obstacles^)
< #golf_game ;
#wn00330827|croquet (^a game in which players hit a wooden ball through a series of hoops; the winner is the first to traverse all the hoops and hit a peg^)
< #outdoor_game ;
#wn00331013|quoits__horseshoes (^a game in which quoits or horseshoes are thrown at a stake in the ground in the hope of encircling it^)
< #outdoor_game ;
#wn00331180|shuffleboard__shovelboard (^a game in which players use long sticks to shove wooden disks onto the scoring area marked on a smooth surface^)
< #outdoor_game ;
#wn00331363|field_game (^an outdoor game played on a field of specified dimensions^)
< #outdoor_game ;
#wn00331639|field_hockey__hockey (^hockey played on a field; two opposing teams use curved sticks to drive a ball into the opponents' net^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00331809|football (^any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal^)
< #field_game #contact_sport ,
p #fair_catch #interception #reception #pass_completion #return.running_play #blocking ;
#wn00332187|American_football (^a game played by two teams of 11 players on a rectangular field 100 yards long; teams try to get possession of the ball and advance it across the opponents goal line in a series of (running or passing) plays^)
< #football ,
p #football_play ;
#wn00332513|professional_football (^playing football for money^)
< #American_football #sport ;
#wn00332625|touch_football (^a version of football in which the ball carrier is touched rather than tackled^)
< #American_football ;
#wn00332764|hurling (^a traditional Irish game resembling hockey; played by two teams of 15 players each^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00332900|rugby_football__rugby__rugger (^(British) a form of football played with an oval ball^)
< #football ,
p #scrum #knock_on ;
#wn00333069|knock_on (^(Rugby) knocking the ball forward while trying to catch it (a foul)^)
< #play.plan_of_action ;
#wn00333210|ball_game__ballgame (^a field game played with a ball (especially baseball);^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00333350|baseball_game__baseball__ball (^a ball game played with a bat and ball between two teams of 9 players; teams take turns at bat trying to score run; "he played baseball in high school"; "there was a baseball game on every empy lot"; "there was a desire for National League ball in the area"; "play ball!"^)
< #ball_game ,
p #misplay #pitch.throw #batting #fielding #catching #pitching #fair_ball #foul_ball #bunt #fly_ball #grounder #out #base_hit #line_drive #plunker #tag.touch #baseball_play ;
#wn00334238|professional_baseball (^playing baseball for money^)
< #baseball_game #sport ;
#wn00334350|hardball (^baseball as distinguished from softball^)
< #baseball_game ,
! #softball_game ;
#wn00334462|perfect_game (^a game in which a pitcher does not allow any opposing player to reach base^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00334595|no-hit_game__no-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team no hits^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00334723|one-hitter__1-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only one hit^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00334854|two-hitter__2-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only 2 hits^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00334984|three-hitter__3-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team only 3 hits^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00335116|four-hitter__4-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team 4 hits^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00335242|five-hitter__5-hitter (^a game in which a pitcher allows the opposing team 5 hits^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00335368|softball_game__softball (^a game closely resembling baseball that is played on a smaller diamond and with a ball that is larger and softer^)
< #baseball_game ,
! #hardball ;
#wn00335569|rounders (^an English ball game similar to baseball^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00335664|stickball_game__stickball (^a form of baseball played in the streets with a rubber ball and broomstick handle^)
< #baseball_game ;
#wn00335818|cricket (^a game played with a ball and bat by two teams of 11 players; teams take turns trying to score runs^)
< #field_game ,
p #snick #innings ;
#wn00336009|run-up (^the approach run during which an athlete gathers speed^)
< #approach ;
#wn00336173|Chinaman (^a ball bowled by a left-handed bowler to a right-handed batsman that spins from off to leg^)
< #bowling.throw ;
#wn00336318|googly__wrong_'un__bosie__bosie_ball (^a cricket ball bowled as if to break one way that actually breaks in the opposite way^)
< #bowling.throw ;
#wn00336489|no_ball (^unlawfully delivered ball in cricket; "the umpire called it a no ball"^)
< #bowling.throw ;
#wn00336613|lacrosse (^a game invented by American indians; now played by two teams who use long-handled rackets to catch and carry and throw the ball toward the opponents' goal^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00336822|polo (^a game similar to field hockey but played on horseback using long-handled mallets and a wooden ball^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00336972|pushball (^a game using a leather-covered ball 6 feet in diameter; the two side try to push it across the opponents' goal^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00337137|ultimate_frisbee (^a game between two teams whose players try to toss a Frisbee to one another until they cross the opponents goal; possession changes hands when the frisbee is intercepted or touches the ground or goes out of bounds^)
< #field_game ;
#wn00337413|soccer__association_football (^a football game in which two teams of 11 players try to kick or head a ball into the opponents' goal^)
< #football ,
p #dribble #headshot.shot ;
#wn00337627|dribble__dribbling (^the propulsion of a ball by repeated taps or kicks^)
< #actuation ;
#wn00337781|court_game (^an athletic game played on a court^)
< #athletic_game ;
#wn00338088|handball (^a game played in a walled court or against a single wall by two or four players who strike a rubber ball with their hands^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00338264|racquetball (^a game played on a handball court with short-handled rackets^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00338382|fives (^(British) a game resembling handball; played on a court with a front wall and two side walls^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00338526|squash_racquets__squash__squash_rackets (^a game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who strike the ball with long-handled rackets^)
< #court_game ,
p #rally ;
#wn00338736|volleyball_game__volleyball (^a game in which two teams hit an inflated ball over a high net using their hands^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00338891|jai_alai__pelota (^a Basque or Spanish game played in a court with a ball and a wickerwork racket^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00339033|badminton (^a game played on a court with light long-handled rackets used to volley a shuttlecock over a net^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00339239|battledore_and_shuttlecock__battledore (^an ancient racket game^)
< #badminton ;
#wn00339347|basketball_game__basketball (^a game played on a court by two opposing teams of 5 players; points are scored by throwing the basketball through an elevated horizontal hoop^)
< #court_game ,
p #basketball_shot #rebound #fastbreak #dribble #tap-off #basketball_play ;
#wn00339695|tap-off__tip-off (^the act of starting a basketball game with a jump ball^)
< #jump_ball ;
#wn00339832|professional_basketball (^playing basketball for money^)
< #basketball_game #sport ;
#wn00339948|deck_tennis (^game played mainly on board ocean liners; players toss a ring back and form over a net that is stretched across a small court^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00340131|netball (^a team game that resembles basketball; a soccer ball is to be thrown so that it passes through a ring on the top of a post^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00340307|lawn_tennis__tennis (^a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court^)
< #court_game ,
p #footfault #return #rally #service_break #advantage.point #set_point ;
#wn00340673|break_of_serve__break (^(tennis) a score consisting of winning a game when your opponent was serving; "he was up two breaks in the second set"^)
< #score ;
#wn00340860|equalizer (^a score that makes the match even^)
< #score ;
#wn00340949|professional_tennis (^playing tennis for money^)
< #lawn_tennis #sport ;
#wn00341057|singles (^tennis played with one person on each side^)
< #lawn_tennis ;
#wn00341153|singles.badminton (^badminton played with one person on each side^)
< #badminton ;
#wn00341252|doubles (^tennis played with two players on each side^)
< #lawn_tennis ;
#wn00341349|doubles.badminton (^badminton played with two players on each side^)
< #badminton ;
#wn00341449|royal_tennis__real_tennis__court_tennis (^an ancient form of tennis played in a four-walled court^)
< #lawn_tennis ;
#wn00341592|pallone (^an Italian game similar to tennis^)
< #court_game ;
#wn00341679|child's_game (^a game enjoyed by children^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00342070|blindman's_buff (^a children's game in which a blindfolded player tries to catch and identify other players^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00342221|cat's_cradle (^game played with string looped over the fingers^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00342327|hide-and-seek__hide_and_go_seek (^a child covers his eyes while the other players hide then tries to find them^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00342482|hopscotch (^a child tosses a stone into an area drawn on the ground and then hops through it and back to regain the stone^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00342647|knucklebones__jacks__jackstones (^a game in which jackstones are thrown and picked up in various groups between bounces of a small rubber ball^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00342835|jackstraws__spillikins (^a game in which players try to pick each jackstraw (or spillikin) off of a pile without moving any of the others^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343017|leapfrog.child's_game (^one child bends down and another leaps over^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343115|leapfrog (^advancing as if in the game of leapfrog^)
< #forward_motion ;
#wn00343209|marbles (^a children's game played with little balls made of a hard substance (as glass)^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343341|mumblety-peg__mumble-the-peg (^a game in which players throw or flip a jackknife in various ways so that the knife sticks in the ground^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343521|musical_chairs (^N players march around N-1 chairs; when the music stops the player who did not find a chair is eliminated; then a chair is removed and the march resumed until only the winner is seated^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343766|peekaboo__bopeep (^a game played with young children; you hide your face and suddenly reveal it as you say Boo!^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00343922|pillow_fight (^a child's game of fighting with pillows^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00344020|post_office (^a children's game in which kisses are exchanged for pretended letters^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00344147|spin_the_bottle (^a game in which a player spins a bottle and kisses the person that it points to when it stops spinning^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00344311|spin_the_plate__spin_the_platter (^a game in which something round (as a plate) is spun on edge and the name of a player is called; the named player must catch the spinning object before it falls or pay a forfeit^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00344568|tag.child's_game (^one child chases the others; the one who is caught becomes the next chaser^)
< #child's_game ,
p #tag.touch ;
#wn00344711|tiddlywinks (^a game in which players try to flip plastic disks into a cup by pressing them on the side sharply with a larger disk^)
< #child's_game ;
#wn00344885|card_game__cards (^a game played with playing cards^)
< #game.activity ,
p #discard #shuffle #card_cut #doubling.raise #deal.distribution #lead.turn #revoke #card_call ;
#wn00345511|card_cut__cut__cutting (^$("card_cut" added as key)$ the division of a deck of cards before dealing; "his cutting the cards before every deal soon became a ritual"^)
< #division ;
#wn00345700|all_fours__high-low-jack (^card games in which points are won for taking the high or low or jack or game^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00345903|baccarat__chemin_de_fer (^a card game played in casinos in which two or more punters gamble against the banker; the player wins who holds 2 or 3 cars that total closest to nine^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00346124|blackjack__twenty-one__vingt-et-un (^a card game in which the object is to hold cards having a higher count than those dealt to the bank up to but not exceeding 21^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00346333|bridge.card_game (^any of various card games based on whist for four players^)
< #card_game ,
p #trumping #bid.declaration #contract.bid #slam ;
#wn00346573|bridge_whist (^the earliest form of bridge; the dealer could name the trump suit^)
< #bridge.card_game ;
#wn00346697|auction_bridge__auction (^a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge^)
< #bridge.card_game ;
#wn00346902|contract_bridge__contract (^a variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid^)
< #bridge.card_game ;
#wn00347079|casino__cassino (^a card game in which cards face up on the table are taken with eligible cards in the hand^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00347267|cribbage__crib (^a card game in which each player is dealt 6 cards and discards one or two to make up the crib^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00347422|ecarte (^a card game for 2 players; played with 32 cards and king high^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00347536|euchre__five_hundred (^a card game similar to ecarte; each player is dealt 5 cards and the player making trump must take 3 tricks to win a hand^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00347724|sevens__fantan__parliament (^a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as their sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00347953|faro (^a card game in which players bet against the dealer on the cards he will draw from a dealing box^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00348100|Go_fish (^a card game for two players who try to assemble books of cards by asking the opponent for particular cards^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00348260|three-card_monte__monte__four-card_monte (^a gambling card game of Spanish origin; 3 or 4 cards are dealt face up and players bet that one of the will be matched before the others as the cards are dealt from the pack one at a time^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00348536|Michigan.card_game__Chicago__Newmarket__boodle__stops (^a gambling card game in which chips are placed on the ace and king and queen and jack of separate suits (taken from a separate deck); a player plays the lowest card of a suit in his hand and successively higher cards are played until the sequence stops; the player who plays a card matching one in the layout wins all the chips on that card^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00348970|old_maid (^a card game using a pack of cards from which one queen has been removed; players match cards and the player holding the unmatched queen at the end of the game is the loser (or `old maid')^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00349212|pinochle__pinocle__penuchle__bezique (^a card game played with a 48-card pack (two of each suit for high cards); play resembles whist^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00349392|piquet (^a card game for two players using a reduced pack of 32 cards^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00349505|poker_game__poker (^any of various card games in which players bet that they hold the highest-ranking hand^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00349764|rouge_et_noir__trente-et-quarante (^a card game in which two rows of cards are dealt and players can bet on the color of the cards or on which row will have a count nearer some number^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00349992|rummy__rum (^a card game based on collecting sets and sequences; the winner is the first to meld all their cards^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00350185|patience__solitaire (^a card game played by one person^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00350320|canfield (^a form of solitaire that involves gambling^)
< #patience ;
#wn00350417|short_whist__whist__long_whist (^a card game for four players who form two partnerships; a pack of 52 cards is dealt and each side scores one point for each trick it takes in excess of six^)
< #card_game ;
#wn00350687|dummy_whist (^a form of whist with three players; four hands are dealt with the hand opposite the dealer being face up^)
< #short_whist ;
#wn00350849|hearts__Black_Maria (^a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts of the queen of spades^)
< #short_whist ;
#wn00351010|Russian_bank__crapette (^solitaire with two players using separate packs^)
< #patience ;
#wn00351127|gin_rummy__gin__knock_rummy (^a form of rummy in which a player can go out if the cards remaining in their hand total less than 10 points^)
< #rummy ;
#wn00351310|canasta__basket_rummy__meld (^a form of rummy using two decks and four jokers; jokers and deuces are wild; the object is to meld groups of seven of the same rank^)
< #rummy ;
#wn00351553|bolivia (^a form of canasta in which sequences can be melded^)
< #canasta ;
#wn00351657|samba (^a form of canasta using three decks and six jokers^)
< #canasta ;
#wn00351759|draw_poker__draw (^poker in which a player can discard cards and receive substitutes from the dealer; "he played only draw and stud"^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00351936|high-low (^poker in which the high and low hands split the pot^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00352042|penny_ante_poker__penny_ante (^poker played for small stakes^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00352147|straight_poker (^poker in which each player gets 5 cards face down and bets are made without drawing any further cards^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00352309|strip_poker (^poker in which a player's losses are paid by removing an article of clothing^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00352443|stud_poker__stud (^poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt^)
< #poker_game ;
#wn00352631|cinch (^a form of all fours in which the players bid for the privilege of naming trumps^)
< #all_fours ;
#wn00352762|auction_pitch__pitch (^an all-fours game in which the first card led is a trump^)
< #all_fours ;
#wn00352886|seven-up__old_sledge (^a form of all fours in which a total of seven points is game^)
< #all_fours ;
#wn00353014|royal_casino (^a form of casino in which face cards have extra point values^)
< #casino ;
#wn00353133|spade_casino (^a form of casino in which spades have the value of one point^)
< #casino ;
#wn00353252|table_game (^a game that is played on a table^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00353449|table_tennis__Ping-Pong (^a game (trade name Ping-Pong) resembling tennis but played on a table with paddles and a light hollow ball^)
< #table_game ,
p #rally ;
#wn00353645|dominoes__dominos (^any of several games played with small rectangular blocks^)
< #table_game ;
#wn00353767|nim (^game in which matchsticks are arranged in rows and players alternately remove one or more of them; in some versions the object is to take the last remaining matchstick on the table and in other versions the object is to avoid taking the last remaining matchstick on the table^)
< #table_game ;
#wn00354092|billiards (^any of several games played on rectangular cloth-covered table (with cushioned edges) in which long tapering cue sticks are used to propel ivory (or composition) balls^)
< #table_game ,
p #break.stroke #carom #masse_shot #miscue ;
#wn00354391|break.stroke (^the opening shot that scatters the balls in billiards or pool^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00354542|carom__cannon (^a shot in billiards in which the cue ball contacts one object ball and then the other^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00354726|masse_shot__masse (^a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00354984|miscue (^a faulty shot in billiards; the cue tip slips off the cue ball^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00355137|pocket_billiards__pool (^any of various games played on a pool table having 6 pockets^)
< #table_game ,
p #break.stroke #carom #masse_shot #miscue ;
#wn00355361|snooker (^a form of pool played with 15 red balls and six balls of other colors and a cue ball^)
< #pocket_billiards ;
#wn00355499|bar_billiards__bagatelle (^(British) a table game in which short cues are used to knock balls into holes that are guarded by wooden pegs; penalties are incurred if the pegs are knocked over^)
< #table_game ;
#wn00355733|parlor_game__parlour_game (^a game suitable for playing in a parlor^)
< #game.activity ;
#wn00355881|word_game (^any game involving the formation or alteration or discovery of words^)
< #parlor_game ;
#wn00356041|anagrams (^a game whose object is to form words from a group of randomly chosen letters^)
< #word_game ;
#wn00356172|Scrabble (^(trademark) a game in which words are formed from letters in patterns similar to a crossword puzzle^)
< #word_game ;
#wn00356326|board_game (^a game played on a specially designed board^)
< #parlor_game ;
#wn00356678|backgammon (^a board game for two players; pieces move according to throws of the dice^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00356808|checkers__draughts (^a checkerboard game for two players who each have 12 pieces; the object is to jump over and so capture the opponent's pieces^)
< #board_game ,
p #checkerboard ;
#wn00357017|chess_game__chess (^a game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king^)
< #board_game ,
p #chess_move #checkerboard ;
#wn00357261|Chinese_checkers__Chinese_chequers (^a board game in which each player tries to move a set of marbles through a set of holes from one point of a six-pointed star to the opposite point^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00357489|darts (^a game in which darts are thrown at a dartboard^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00357588|go_game__go (^(Japanese) a board game for two players who place counters on a grid; the object is to surround and so capture the opponent's counters^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00357781|halma (^a board game in which players try to move their pieces into their opponent's bases^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00357915|lotto__bingo__beano__keno (^a game in which numbered balls are drawn and random and players cover the corresponding numbers on their cards^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00358100|tombola (^(British) a lottery in which tickets are drawn from a revolving drum^)
< #lottery.game_of_chance ;
#wn00358222|ludo (^(British) a simple board game in which players move counters according to the throw of dice^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00358364|Mah-Jongg__mahjong (^Chinese game played by 4 people with 144 tiles^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00358476|Monopoly (^(trademark) a board game in which players try to gain a monopoly on real estate as pieces advance around the board according to the throw of a die^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00358677|pachisi (^an ancient board game resembling backgammon; played on a cross-shaped board^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00358824|Parcheesi (^(trademark) a modern board game based on pachisi^)
< #pachisi ;
#wn00358928|shogi (^(Japanese) a form of chess played on a board of 81 squares; each player has 20 pieces^)
< #chess_game ;
#wn00359065|shovel_board__shove-halfpenny__shove-ha'penny (^(British) a game in which coins or discs are slid by hand across a board toward a mark^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00359245|ticktacktoe__ticktacktoo__tic-tac-toe__tit-tat-toe__noughts_and_crosses (^a game in which two players alternately put crosses and circles in one of the compartments of a 3-by-3 board; the object is to get a row of three crosses or three circles before the opponent does^)
< #board_game ;
#wn00359562|gambling__gaming__play (^the act of playing for stakes in the hope of winning (including the payment of a price for a chance to win a prize); "his gambling cost him a fortune"; "there was heavy play at the blackjack table"^)
< #recreation #vice ;
#wn00359938|sporting_life (^active interest in gambling on sports events^)
< #gambling ;
#wn00360042|bet__wager (^the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet"^)
< #gambling ;
#wn00360231|daily_double (^a single bet on two horse races in the same day^)
< #bet ;
#wn00360337|exacta__perfecta (^a bet that you can pick the first and second finishers in the right order^)
< #bet ;
#wn00360474|parimutuel (^betting where winners share the total amount wagered^)
< #bet ;
#wn00360583|place_bet (^a bet that a horse will finish a race no worse than second^)
< #bet ;
#wn00360697|superfecta (^a bet that you can pick the first four finishers in a race in the right order^)
< #bet ;
#wn00360831|game_of_chance__gambling_game (^a game that involves gambling^)
< #gambling #game.activity ;
#wn00361045|fantan (^a Chinese gambling game; a random number of counters are placed under a bowl and you gamble on how many will be left (0 or 1 or 2 or 3) modulo 4^)
< #game_of_chance ;
#wn00361242|lottery.game_of_chance__drawing (^players buy chances and prizes are distributed according to the drawing of lots^)
< #game_of_chance ;
#wn00361457|numbers_pool__numbers_game__numbers_racket__numbers (^an illegal daily lottery^)
< #lottery.game_of_chance ;
#wn00361582|raffle (^a lottery in which the prizes are goods rather than money^)
< #lottery.game_of_chance ;
#wn00361692|sweepstake__sweepstakes (^a lottery in which the prize consists of the money paid by the participants^)
< #lottery.game_of_chance ;
#wn00361838|crap_shooting__craps__crap_game (^a gambling game using two dice^)
< #game_of_chance ,
p #cast ;
#wn00361967|roulette (^a gambling game in which players bet on which compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball will come to rest in^)
< #game_of_chance ;
#wn00362134|banking_game (^any gambling game in which bets are laid against the gambling house or the dealer^)
< #game_of_chance ;
#wn00362274|festivity__celebration (^any joyous diversion^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00362472|merrymaking__conviviality__jollification (^boisterous celebration^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00362619|high_jinks__jinks__hijinks__high_jinx (^noisy and mischievous merrymaking^)
< #merrymaking ;
#wn00362739|revel__revelry (^unrestrained merrymaking^)
< #merrymaking ;
#wn00362915|escapade__lark (^any carefree episode^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00362997|spree__fling (^a brief indulgence of your impulses^)
< #revel ;
#wn00363092|binge__bust__tear__bout (^an occasion for excessive eating or drinking; "they went on a bust that lasted three days"^)
< #revel ;
#wn00363273|piss-up (^(British) vulgar expression for a bout of heavy drinking^)
< #binge ;
#wn00363383|carouse__carousal__bender__toot__booze-up (^revelry in drinking; a merry drinking party^)
< #revel ;
#wn00363518|debauch__orgy__debauchery__saturnalia__riot__bacchanal__bacchanalia__drunken_revelry (^a wild gathering involving excessive drinking and promiscuity^)
< #revel ;
#wn00363717|carnival (^a festival marked by merrymaking and processions^)
< #fete ;
#wn00363838|Dionysia__Bacchanalia (^an orgiastic festival in ancient Greece in honor of Dionysus (= Bacchus)^)
< #fete ;
#wn00363979|frolic__play__romp__gambol__caper (^gay or light-hearted recreational activity for diversion or amusement; "it was all done in play"; "their frolic in the surf threatened to become ugly"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00364303|fun.recreation__merriment__playfulness (^activities that are enjoyable or amusing; "I do it for the fun of it"; "he is fun to have around"^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00364476|flirt__flirting__flirtation__coquetry__dalliance__toying (^playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest^)
< #frolic ;
#wn00364635|foolery__folly__tomfoolery__indulgence (^foolish or senseless behavior^)
< #frolic ;
#wn00364770|buffoonery__clowning__frivolity__harlequinade__prank (^acting like a clown or buffoon^)
< #foolery ;
#wn00364903|horseplay (^rowdy or boisterous play^)
< #frolic ;
#wn00364983|teasing (^playful vexation; "the parody was just a form of teasing"^)
< #frolic ;
#wn00365094|word_play (^playing on words or speech sounds^)
< #frolic ;
#wn00365183|antic__joke__prank__trick__caper__put-on (^a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00365366|dirty_trick (^an unkind or aggressive trick^)
< #antic ;
#wn00365453|practical_joke (^a prank or trick played on a person especially one intended to make the victim appear foolish^)
< #antic ;
#wn00365643|April_fool (^a practical joke or trick played on April Fools' day^)
< #practical_joke ;
#wn00365752|rag (^(British) a boisterous practical joke (especially by college students)^)
< #practical_joke ;
#wn00365872|jocularity__jest__joke (^activity characterized by good humor^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00366033|drollery__waggery (^a quaint and amusing jest^)
< #jocularity ;
#wn00366123|leg-pull__leg-pulling (^as a joke: trying to make somebody believe something that is not true^)
< #jocularity ;
#wn00366261|pleasantry (^an agreeable or amusing remark; "they exchange pleasantries"^)
< #jocularity ;
#wn00366378|entertainment__amusement (^an activity that entertains^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00366531|extravaganza (^any lavishly staged or spectacular entertainment^)
< #entertainment ;
#wn00366638|solemnization__celebration__solemnisation (^the public performance of a sacrament or solemn ceremony with all appropriate ritual; "the celebration of marriage"^)
< #ritual ;
#wn00366843|Olympian_Games__Olympic_Games (^the ancient Panhellenic celebration at Olympia in honor of Zeus; held every 4 years beginning in 776 BC^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00367023|Isthmian_Games (^ancient games held biennially on the Isthmus of Corinth in the first and third years of each Olympiad^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00367185|Royal_National_Eisteddfod (^an eisteddfod with competitions in music and drama and poetry and the fine arts^)
< #eisteddfod ;
#wn00367336|eisteddfod (^any of several annual Welsh festivals involving artistic competitions (especially in singing)^)
< #fete ;
#wn00367504|film_festival (^a cinematic festival that features films (usually films produced during the past year)^)
< #fete ;
#wn00367650|fete__festival (^an organized series of acts and performances (usually in one place); "a drama festival"^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00367943|jazz_festival (^a festival that features performances by jazz artists^)
< #fete ;
#wn00368056|Kwanzaa__Kwanza (^a festival featuring African-American culture; celebrated between Christmas and New Years^)
< #fete ;
#wn00368208|Saturnalia (^an orgiastic festival in ancient Rome in honor of Saturn^)
< #fete ;
#wn00368321|sheepshearing.fete (^festival at the time of sheepshearing^)
< #fete ;
#wn00368418|gala_affair__gala__jamboree__blowout (^a gay festivity^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00368519|victory_celebration (^a celebration following a victory in a battle or sports competition^)
< #festivity ;
#wn00368652|whoopee (^noisy and boisterous revelry^)
< #revel ;
#wn00368734|funfair__carnival__fair (^a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.^)
< #show ,
p #midway ;
#wn00368893|dog_show (^a competitive exhibition of dogs^)
< #show ;
#wn00368980|horseshow (^a competitive exhibition of horses^)
< #show ;
#wn00369070|raree-show (^a street show^)
< #show ;
#wn00369140|circus (^performance given by a traveling company of acrobats clowns and trained animals; "the children always love to go to the circus"^)
< #show ;
#wn00369338|three-ring_circus (^a circus with simultaneous performances in three rings^)
< #circus ;
#wn00369456|Fat_Tuesday__Mardi_Gras (^the pre-Lenten festival of Shrove Tuesday^)
< #carnival ;
#wn00369587|show (^a public entertainment or exhibition; "a remarkable show of skill"^)
< #entertainment ;
#wn00369938|floorshow__cabaret__floor_show (^a series of acts at a night club^)
< #show ;
#wn00370049|ice_show (^any entertainment performed by ice skaters^)
< #show ;
#wn00370146|interlude.show__intermezzo__entr'acte (^a brief show (music or dance etc) performed between the sections of another performance^)
< #show ;
#wn00370314|parade (^a visible display; "she made a parade of her sorrows"^)
< #showing ;
#wn00370420|showing__display__exhibit (^something shown to the public; "the museum had many exhibits of oriental art"^)
< #show ;
#wn00370607|light_show (^a display of colored lights moving in shifting patterns^)
< #showing ;
#wn00370719|presentation.show__presentment__demonstration (^the act of presenting something; "he gave the customer a demonstration"^)
< #show ;
#wn00370933|demonstration (^a show of military force or preparedness; "he confused the enemy with feints and demonstrations"^)
< #show ;
#wn00371089|exhibition (^the act of exhibiting; "a remarkable exhibition of musicianship"^)
< #presentation.show ;
#wn00371246|production.exhibition (^(law) the act of exhibiting in a court of law; "the appellate court demanded the production of all documents"^)
< #exhibition ;
#wn00371412|rodeo (^an exhibition of cowboy skills^)
< #exhibition ,
p #bronco_busting #calf_roping #steer_roping ;
#wn00371551|road_show (^a show on tour^)
< #show ;
#wn00371621|sideshow (^a minor show that is part of a larger one (as at the circus)^)
< #show ;
#wn00371736|beguilement__distraction (^an entertainment that provokes pleased interest and distracts you from worries and vexations^)
< #entertainment ;
#wn00371900|dancing__dance__terpsichore (^taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music^)
< #recreation ;
#wn00372260|eurythmy__eurhythmy__eurythmics__eurhythmics (^the interpretation in harmonious bodily movements of the rhythm of musical compositions; used to teach musical understanding^)
< #position_change #recreation ;
#wn00372497|break_dancing__break_dance (^a form of solo dancing that involves rapid acrobatic moves in which different parts of the body touch the ground; normally performed to the rhythm of rap music^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00372730|nautch_dance__nautch__nauch (^an intricate traditional dance in India performed by professional dancing girls^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00372885|pavane__pavan (^a stately court dance of the 16th and 17th centuries^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00372998|saraband (^a stately court dance of the 17th and 18th centuries; in slow time^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00373119|slam_dancing__slam_dance (^a form of dancing in which dancers slam into one another; normally performed to punk rock^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00373280|step_dancing__hoofing (^dancing in which the steps are more important than gestures or postures^)
< #dancing ,
p #dance_step ;
#wn00373457|tap_dancing__tap_dance (^a dance step tapped out audibly with the feet^)
< #step_dancing ;
#wn00373626|toe_dancing__toe_dance (^a dance performed on tiptoe^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00373723|soft-shoe_shuffle__soft-shoe__soft-shoe_dancing (^tap dancing wearing soft-soled shoes^)
< #tap_dancing ;
#wn00373855|buck-and-wing (^a solo tap dance emphasizing sharp taps^)
< #tap_dancing ;
#wn00373954|stage_dancing__choreography (^artistic dancing^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00374189|concert_dance__ballet (^a theatrical representation of a story performed to music by ballet dancers^)
< #stage_dancing ,
p #pas_seul #pas_de_deux #chasse #glissade #act.dramatic_composition ;
#wn00374482|pas_seul (^a solo dance or dance figure^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00374584|pas_de_deux__duet (^a dance for two people (usually a ballerina and a danseur noble)^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00374732|classical_ballet (^a style of ballet based on precise conventional steps performed with graceful and flowing movements^)
< #concert_dance ;
#wn00374894|modern_ballet (^a style of ballet that admits a wider variety of movements^)
< #concert_dance ;
#wn00375012|comedy_ballet (^a ballet that stresses the drama with features of comedy^)
< #concert_dance ;
#wn00375128|modern_dance (^a style of theatrical dancing that is not as restricted as classical ballet; movements are expressive of feelings^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00375318|clog_dance__clog_dancing__clog (^a dance performed while wearing clogs; has heavy stamping steps^)
< #tap_dancing ;
#wn00375460|apache_dance (^a violent fast dance in French vaudeville (an apache is a member of the French underworld)^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00375609|belly_dance__belly_dancing__danse_du_ventre (^a Middle Eastern dance in which the dancer makes sensuous movements of the hips and abdomen^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00375792|bolero (^a Spanish dance in triple time accompanied by guitar and castanets^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00375911|cakewalk (^a strutting dance based on a march; was performed in minstrel shows; originated as a competition among Black dancers to win a cake^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00376096|cancan (^a high-kicking dance of French origin performed by a female chorus line^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00376220|nude_dancing (^erotic dancing with little or no clothing^)
< #stage_dancing ;
#wn00376374|fan_dance (^a solo dance in which large fans are manipulated to suggest or reveal nakedness^)
< #nude_dancing ;
#wn00376509|striptease__strip (^a form of entertainment in which a dancer undresses to music; "she did a strip right in front of everyone"^)
< #nude_dancing ;
#wn00376680|bubble_dance (^a solo dance similar to a fan dance except large balloons are used instead of fans^)
< #nude_dancing ;
#wn00376821|interpretive_dance__interpretive_dancing__interpretative_dance__interpretative_dancing (^a form of modern dance in which the dancer's movements depict an emotion or tell a story^)
< #modern_dance ;
#wn00377045|social_dancing (^dancing as part of a social occasion^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00377322|jitterbug (^a jerky American dance that was popular in the 1940s^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00377430|lindy_hop__lindy (^an energetic American dance that was popular in the 1930s (probably named for the aviator Charles Lindbergh)^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00377602|fandango (^a provocative Spanish courtship dance in triple time; performed by a man and a woman playing castanets^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00377759|farandole (^a lively dance from Provence; all the dancers join hands and execute various figures^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00377899|flamenco__gypsy_dancing (^a style of dancing characteristic of the Andalusian gypsies; vigorous and rhythmic with clapping and stamping of feet^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00378087|gavotte (^an old formal French dance in quadruple time^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00378185|shag (^a lively dance step consisting of hopping on each foot in turn^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00378298|stomp (^a dance involving a rhythmical stamping step^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00378394|tarantelle__tarantella (^a lively whirling Italian dance for two persons^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00378511|dance_step__step (^a sequence of foot movements that make up a particular dance; "he taught them the waltz step"^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00378741|chasse__sashay (^(ballet) quick gliding steps with one foot always leading^)
< #dance_step ;
#wn00378879|glissade (^a gliding or sliding step in ballet^)
< #dance_step ;
#wn00378988|ballroom_dancing__ballroom_dance (^any of a variety of social dances performed by couples in a ballroom^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00379460|beguine (^a ballroom dance that originated in the French West Indies; similar to the rumba^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00379594|carioca (^a lively ballroom dance that resembles the samba^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00379696|cha-cha-cha__cha-cha (^a modern ballroom dance from Latin America; small steps and swaying movements of the hips^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00379853|one-step (^an early ballroom dance; precursor to the fox-trot^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00379976|turkey_trot (^an early ragtime one-step^)
< #one-step ;
#wn00380059|fox-trot (^a ballroom dance in quadruple time; combines short and long and fast and slow steps fixed sequences^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380213|two-step (^a ballroom dance in duple meter; marked by sliding steps^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380324|bunny_hug (^a syncopated ballroom dance formerly popular in the US^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380434|charleston (^an American ballroom dance in syncopated rhythm; popular early in the 20th century^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380573|conga (^a Latin American dance of 3 steps and a kick by people in single file^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380694|cotillion__cotilion (^a lively dance originating in France in the 18th century^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380817|minuet (^a stately court dance in the 17th century^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00380911|paso_doble (^a ballroom dance in fast duple time^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381003|quickstep (^a ballroom dance with both quick and slow steps^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381106|rumba (^a ballroom dance based on the Cuban folk dance^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381204|samba.ballroom_dancing (^a lively ballroom dance from Brazil^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381291|round_dancing__round_dance (^a ballroom dance characterized by revolving movement^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381417|tango (^a ballroom dance of Latin-American origin^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381510|valse__waltz (^a ballroom dance in triple time with a strong accent on the first beat^)
< #ballroom_dancing ;
#wn00381640|folk_dancing__folk_dance (^a style of dancing that originated among ordinary people (not in the royal courts)^)
< #social_dancing ;
#wn00381974|mazurka (^a Polish national dance in triple time^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382066|polka (^a Bohemian dance with 3 steps and a hop in fast time^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382170|schottische (^a German round dance resembling a slow polka^)
< #round_dance ;
#wn00382272|morris_dance__morris_dancing (^any of various English folk dances performed by men in costume^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382410|sword_dance__sword_dancing (^any of various dances by men who step nimbly over swords or flourish them in the air^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382568|rumba.folk_dancing (^a rhythmic syncopated Cuban folk dance in duple time^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382672|highland_fling (^a vigorous Scottish reel^)
< #Scottish_reel ;
#wn00382757|hornpipe (^a British solo dance performed by sailors^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382853|jig (^any of various old rustic dances involving kicking and leaping^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00382965|country-dance__country_dancing__contredanse__contra_danse (^a type of folk dance in which couples are arranged in sets or face one another in a line^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00383286|longways_dance__longways (^country dancing performed with couples in two long lines facing each other^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00383450|Virginia_reel__reel (^an American country dance which starts with the couples facing each other in two lines^)
< #longways_dance ;
#wn00383603|round_dance (^a folk dance; dancers form a circle^)
< #folk_dancing ;
#wn00383714|square_dance__square_dancing (^American country dancing in which couples form squares^)
< #country-dance ,
p #do-si-do #promenade.country-dance #sashay #swing.country-dance ;
#wn00383956|Scottish_reel__reel (^a lively dance of Scottish highlanders; marked by circular moves and gliding steps^)
< #square_dance ;
#wn00384141|eightsome (^a Scottish reel for eight dancers^)
< #Scottish_reel ;
#wn00384230|quadrille (^a square dance of 5 or more figures for 4 or more couples^)
< #square_dance ;
#wn00384361|lancers (^$(artificial)$ a quadrille for 8 or 16 couples^)
< #quadrille ;
#wn00384446|do-si-do (^a square-dance figure; two dancers approach each other and circle back to back before returning to their original places^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00384640|promenade.country-dance (^a square dance figure; couples march counterclockwise in a circle^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00384780|sashay (^a square dance figure; partners circle each other taking sideways steps^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00384923|swing.country-dance (^a square dance figure; a pair of dancers join hands and dance around a point between them^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00385083|landler (^a moderately slow Austrian country dance in triple time; involves spinning and clapping^)
< #country-dance ;
#wn00385224|ritual_dancing__ritual_dance__ceremonial_dance (^a dance that is part of a religious ritual^)
< #dancing ;
#wn00385524|apache_devil_dance (^a ritual dance of the Apache Indians^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00385625|corn_dance (^a rain dance of Amerindians^)
< #rain_dance ;
#wn00385709|danse_macabre__dance_of_death (^a medieval dance in which a skeleton representing death leads a procession of others to the grave^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00385883|ghost_dance (^a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386018|hula-hula__hula__Hawaiian_dancing (^a Polynesian rain dance performed by a woman^)
< #rain_dance ;
#wn00386144|pyrrhic (^an ancient Greek dance imitating the motions of warfare^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386253|rain_dance (^a ritual dance intended to bring rain^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386383|snake_dance (^a ceremonial dance (as by the American Hopi Indians) in which snakes are handled or invoked^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386532|sun_dance (^a ceremonial dance performed by Amerindians at the summer solstice^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386654|war_dance (^a ceremonial dance performed before a battle or after a victory^)
< #ritual_dancing ;
#wn00386773|music.recreation (^a musical diversion; "his music was his central interest"^)
< #recreation #execution ,
p #beats_per_minute ;
#wn00386991|vocal_music (^music that is vocalized (as contrasted with instrumental music)^)
< #music.recreation ;
#wn00387148|singing__vocalizing (^the act of singing vocal music^)
< #vocal_music ;
#wn00387533|a_cappella_singing__a_capella_singing (^singing without instrumental accompaniment^)
< #singing ;
#wn00387678|bel_canto (^a style of operatic singing^)
< #singing ;
#wn00387761|coloratura (^singing with florid ornamentation^)
< #singing ;
#wn00387851|song.vocal_music__strain (^the act of singing; "with a shout and a song they marched up to the gates"^)
< #vocal_music ;
#wn00388039|carol (^a joyful song (usually celebrating the birth of Christ)^)
< #song.vocal_music ;
#wn00388146|lullaby__cradlesong (^a quiet song that lulls a child to sleep^)
< #song.vocal_music ;
#wn00388253|aria (^an elaborate song for solo voice^)
< #song.vocal_music ;
#wn00388336|caroling (^singing joyful religious songs (especially at Christmas)^)
< #singing ;
#wn00388447|crooning (^the act of singing popular songs in a sentimental manner^)
< #singing ;
#wn00388558|crooning.singing (^singing in a soft low tone; "her crooning soon put the child to sleep"^)
< #singing ;
#wn00388683|scat_singing__scat (^$('<' #jazz replaced by 'o')$ singing jazz; the singer substitutes nonsense syllables for the words of the song and tries to sound like a musical instrument^)
< #singing ,
o #jazz ;
#wn00388893|carillon_playing__bell_ringing__carillon (^playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower^)
< #music.recreation ;
#wn00389057|change_ringing (^ringing tuned bells in a fixed order that is continually changing^)
< #carillon_playing ;
#wn00389183|drumming__percussion (^the act of playing drums; "he practiced his drumming several hours every day"^)
< #music.recreation ;
#wn00389328|whistling (^the act of whistling a tune; "his cheerful whistling indicated that he enjoyed his work"^)
< #music.recreation ;
#wn00389472|beat (^a stroke or blow; "the signal was two beats on the steam pipe"^)
< #stroke.position_change ;
#wn00389585|bow (^a stroke with a curved piece of wood with taut horsehair strands that is used in playing stringed instruments^)
< #stroke.position_change ;
#wn00389780|down-bow (^a downward stroke from the heel to the tip of the bow^)
< #bow ;
#wn00389888|up-bow (^an upward stroke from the tip to the heel of the bow^)
< #bow ;
#wn00389993|acting__playing__playacting__performing (^the performance of a part or role in a drama^)
< #activity ;
#wn00390289|portrayal__enactment (^acting the part of a character on stage^)
< #acting ;
#wn00390432|impression.portrayal (^an impressionistic portrayal of a person; "he did a funny impression of a politician"^)
< #portrayal ;
#wn00390574|impersonation__personation (^imitating the mannerisms of another person^)
< #acting ;
#wn00390708|apery__mimicry (^the act of mimicking; imitative behavior^)
< #impersonation ;
#wn00390828|parody__mockery__takeoff (^humorous or satirical mimicry^)
< #apery ;
#wn00390930|pantomime__mime__dumb_show (^a performance using gestures and body movements without words^)
< #acting ;
#wn00391084|panto (^(British) an abbreviation of pantomime^)
< #pantomime ;
#wn00391174|stage_business__business__byplay (^incidental activity performed by an actor for dramatic effect; "his business with the cane was hilarious"^)
< #acting ;
#wn00391360|performance (^the act of presenting a play or a piece of music or other entertainment; "we congratulated him on his performance at the rehearsal"; "an inspired performance of Mozart's C minor concerto"^)
< #presentation.show ,
p #acting ;
#wn00391804|program.performance__programme (^a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation; "the program lasted more than two hours"^)
< #performance ;
#wn00391996|bill.program (^the entertainment offered at a public presentation^)
< #program.performance ;
#wn00392097|skit (^a short theatrical episode^)
< #acting ;
#wn00392174|hamming__overacting (^poor acting by a ham actor^)
< #acting ;
#wn00392267|heroics (^ostentatious hammy conduct^)
< #acting ;
#wn00392347|roleplaying (^acting a particular role (as in psychotherapy)^)
< #acting ;
#wn00392451|card_trick (^a trick performed with playing cards^)
< #magic_trick ;
#wn00392544|prestidigitation__sleight_of_hand (^manual dexterity in the execution of tricks^)
< #magic_trick ;
#wn00392668|liveliness__animation (^general activity and motion^)
< #activity ;
#wn00392764|brouhaha (^a confused disturbance far greater than its cause merits^)
< #furor ;
#wn00392875|circus.disturbance__carnival (^a frenetic disorganized (and often comic) disturbance suggestive of a circus or carnival; "it was so funny it was a circus"; "the whole occasion had a carnival atmosphere"^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393110|disruption__perturbation (^the act of causing disorder^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393245|breakdown__dislocation (^the act of disrupting an established order^)
< #disruption ;
#wn00393357|surprisal__surprise (^the act of surprising someone^)
< #disruption ;
#wn00393453|din__commotion__ruction__ruckus__rumpus__tumult (^the act of making a noisy disturbance^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393607|furor__furore (^a sudden outburst (as of protest)^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393719|havoc__mayhem (^violent and needless disturbance^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393812|melee__scrimmage__battle_royal (^a noisy riotous fight^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00393912|turmoil__agitation__excitement__upheaval__hullabaloo (^disturbance usually in protest^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00394045|tumultuous_disturbance__outburst (^a sudden violent disturbance^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00394153|rampage__violent_disorder (^violently angry and destructive behavior^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00394284|wilding (^an outrageous rampage usually involving sexual attacks by men on women^)
< #rampage ;
#wn00394408|derangement__upset__overthrow (^the act of disturbing the mind or body; "his carelessness could have caused an ecological upset"; "she was unprepared for this sudden overthrow of their normal way of living"^)
< #disturbance ;
#wn00394660|hustle__bustle__flurry__ado__fuss__stir (^a rapid bustling commotion^)
< #din ;
#wn00394777|burst__fit (^a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason); "a burst of applause"; "a fit of housecleaning"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00394941|haste__hurry__rush__rushing (^the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner; "in his haste to leave he forgot his book"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00395150|dash.haste__bolt (^the act of moving with great haste; "he made a dash for the door"^)
< #haste ;
#wn00395273|scamper__scramble__scurry (^rushing about hastily in an undignified way^)
< #haste ;
#wn00395390|maneuver__manoeuvre__play (^a deliberate coordinated movement requiring dexterity and skill; "he made a great play"^)
< #human_motion ;
#wn00395768|figure.maneuver (^a predetermined set of movements in dancing or skating; "she made the best score on compulsory figures"^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00395960|figure_eight (^a skating figure that carves an 8 in the ice^)
< #figure.maneuver ;
#wn00396063|spread_eagle (^a skating figure executed with the skates heel to heel in a straight line^)
< #figure.maneuver ;
#wn00396195|pass_completion__completion (^a successful forward pass in football^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00396326|play.plan_of_action (^a preset plan of action in team sports; "the coach drew up the plays for her team"^)
< #plan_of_action ;
#wn00396549|ball_hawking (^a skillful maneuver in catching balls or in stealing the ball from the opposing team^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00396692|assist (^in sports (baseball or basketball or ice hockey) the act of enabling another player to make a good play^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00396848|icing_the_puck__icing (^(ice hockey) the act of shooting the puck from within your own defensive area the length of the rink beyond the opponent's goal^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00397063|football_play (^a play by the offensive team in a football game^)
< #play.plan_of_action ,
p #centering ;
#wn00397298|running_play__run__running__running_game (^a football play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"^)
< #football_play ;
#wn00397600|draw_play__draw (^the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage^)
< #running_play ;
#wn00397787|return.running_play (^the act of running back the football after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble^)
< #running_play ;
#wn00397945|rush.running_play__rushing (^(football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush"^)
< #running_play ;
#wn00398117|end_run__sweep (^(football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line^)
< #running_play ;
#wn00398258|passing_play__pass__passing_game__passing (^a football play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long"^)
< #football_play ;
#wn00398511|handoff (^a football play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate^)
< #football_play ;
#wn00398629|forward_pass__aerial (^a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer^)
< #passing_play ;
#wn00398761|screen_pass (^a forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers^)
< #forward_pass ;
#wn00398892|lateral_pass__lateral (^a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer^)
< #passing_play ;
#wn00399005|tackle.football_play (^(football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground^)
< #football_play ;
#wn00399153|jugglery (^the performance of a juggler^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00399236|obstruction (^getting in someone's way^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00399354|blocking__block__interference (^the act of blocking someone's path with your body (as in football); "he threw a rolling block into the line backer"^)
< #obstruction ;
#wn00399584|trap_block (^(football) an illegal block^)
< #blocking ;
#wn00399668|check.obstruction (^obstructing an opponent in ice hockey^)
< #obstruction ;
#wn00399812|crosscheck (^an illegal check (chopping at an opponent's arms or stick)^)
< #check.obstruction ;
#wn00399927|poke_check (^knocking the puck away by jabbing at it with the hockey stick^)
< #check.obstruction ;
#wn00400045|razzle-dazzle__razzle__razzmatazz__razmataz (^any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent^)
< #play.plan_of_action ;
#wn00400209|basketball_play (^a play executed by a basketball team^)
< #play.plan_of_action ;
#wn00400380|pick (^a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body; "he was called for setting an illegal pick"^)
< #basketball_play ;
#wn00400538|switch.basketball_play (^a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other^)
< #basketball_play ;
#wn00400713|give-and-go (^a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass^)
< #basketball_play ;
#wn00400892|baseball_play (^a play executed by a baseball team^)
< #play.plan_of_action ;
#wn00401059|double_play (^the act of getting two players out on one play^)
< #baseball_play ;
#wn00401163|triple_play (^the act of getting three players out on one play^)
< #baseball_play ;
#wn00401269|squeeze_play (^a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch^)
< #baseball_play ;
#wn00401456|suicide_squeeze_play__suicide_squeeze (^the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball^)
< #squeeze_play ;
#wn00401610|safety_squeeze_play__safety_squeeze (^the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully^)
< #squeeze_play ;
#wn00401778|footwork (^the manner of using the feet^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00401861|stroke__shot (^(sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand; "a good shot require good balance and tempo"; "he left me an almost impossible shot"^)
< #maneuver ;
#wn00402263|cut.stroke (^a stroke (in tennis or badminton or squash) that puts reverse spin on the ball; "cuts do not bother a good tennis player"^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00402434|swipe (^a sweeping stroke or blow^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00402511|tennis_stroke__tennis_shot (^the act of hitting a tennis ball with a tennis racket^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00402674|return (^a tennis stroke that returns the ball to the other player; "he won the point on a cross-court return"^)
< #tennis_stroke ;
#wn00403045|forehand_stroke__forehand__forehand_shot (^a return made with the palm of the hand facing the direction of the stroke (as in tennis or badminton or squash)^)
< #return ;
#wn00403246|forehand_drive (^hard straight return made on the forehand side (as in tennis or badminton or squash)^)
< #drive.return ;
#wn00403391|backhand_stroke__backhand__backhand_shot (^a return made with the back of the hand facing the direction of the stroke^)
< #return ;
#wn00403572|backhand_drive (^a hard straight return made on the backhand side^)
< #drive.return ;
#wn00403681|two-handed_backhand (^a backhand shot made holding the racquet in both hands^)
< #backhand_stroke ;
#wn00403801|chop_shot__chop (^a tennis return made with a downward motion that puts backspin on the ball^)
< #return ;
#wn00403938|drive.return (^a hard straight return (as in tennis or squash)^)
< #return ;
#wn00404073|serve__service (^a stroke (in tennis or badminton or squash) that puts the ball in play; "his powerful serves won the game"^)
< #tennis_stroke ;
#wn00404295|ace (^a serve that the receiver is unable to reach^)
< #serve ;
#wn00404389|fault.serve (^(tennis or badminton or squash) a serve that is illegal (e.g., that lands outside the prescribed area); "he served too many double faults"^)
< #serve ;
#wn00404615|let__net_ball (^a serve that strikes the net before falling into the receiver's court; the ball must be served again^)
< #serve ;
#wn00404776|volley (^a tennis return made by hitting the ball before it bounces^)
< #return ,
! #ground_stroke ;
#wn00404905|ground_stroke (^a tennis return made by hitting the ball after it has bounced once^)
< #return ,
! #volley ;
#wn00405049|half_volley (^a tennis return made by hitting the ball immediately after it bounces^)
< #return ;
#wn00405176|lob.return (^an easy return of a tennis ball in a high arc^)
< #return ;
#wn00405271|overhead.return__smash (^a hard return hitting the tennis ball above your head^)
< #return ;
#wn00405387|drop_shot__dink (^a soft return so that the tennis ball drops abruptly after crossing the net^)
< #return ;
#wn00405525|passing_shot (^a tennis return that passes an opponent who has approached the net^)
< #return ;
#wn00405650|stroke.locomotion (^any one of the repeated movements of the limbs and body used for locomotion in swimming or rowing^)
< #locomotion ;
#wn00405818|swimming_stroke (^a method of moving the arms and legs to push against the water and propel the swimmer forward^)
< #stroke.locomotion ,
p #swimming_kick ;
#wn00406118|Australian_crawl__crawl__front_crawl (^a swimming stroke; arms are moved alternately overhead accompanied by a flutter kick^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #flutter_kick ;
#wn00406306|dog_paddle (^an elementary swimming stroke imitating a swimming dog^)
< #swimming_stroke ;
#wn00406417|sidestroke (^a swimming stroke in which the arms move forward and backward while the legs do a scissors kick^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #scissors_kick ;
#wn00406588|butterfly_stroke__butterfly (^a swimming stroke in which the arms are thrown forward together out of the water while the feet kick up and down^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #dolphin_kick ;
#wn00406794|breaststroke (^a swimming stroke; the arms are extended together in front of the head and swept back on either side accompanied by a frog kick^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #frog_kick ;
#wn00406999|backstroke (^a swimming stroke that resembles the crawl except the swimmer lies on his or her back^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #flutter_kick ;
#wn00407160|baseball_swing__swing__cut (^in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball; "he took a vicious cut at the ball"^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00407325|golf_stroke__golf_shot__swing (^the act of swinging a golf club at a golf ball and (usually) hitting it^)
< #stroke ;
#wn00407582|downswing (^a swing downward of a golf club^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00407669|slice__fade__slicing (^a golf shot that curves to the right for a right-handed golfer; "he took lessons to cure his slicing"^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00407839|hooking__hook__draw (^a golf shot that curves to the left for a right-handed golfer; "he tooks lessons to cure his hooking"^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00408008|drive.golf_stroke__driving (^hitting a golf ball off of a tee with a driver; "he sliced his drive out of bounds"^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00408153|putt__putting (^hitting a golf ball on the putting surface with a putter; "his putting let him down today"^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00408304|clock_golf (^a form of golf in which you putt from positions arranged on the circumference of a circle around the hole^)
< #golf_game ;
#wn00408466|approach_shot__approach (^a relatively short golf shot intended to put the ball onto the putting green; "he lost the hole when his approach rolled over the green"^)
< #golf_stroke ;
#wn00408709|chip_shot__chip (^a low running approach shot^)
< #approach_shot ;
#wn00408799|pitch_shot__pitch (^a high approach shot in golf^)
< #approach_shot ;
#wn00408892|swimming_kick (^a movement of the legs in swimming^)
< #kick ;
#wn00409095|flutter_kick (^a swimming kick; the legs are moved rapidly up and down without bending the knees^)
< #swimming_kick ;
#wn00409273|frog_kick (^a swimming kick; knees are drawn upward and outward so the legs can be brought together when fully extended^)
< #swimming_kick ;
#wn00409455|dolphin_kick (^a swimming kick; an up and down kick of the feet together^)
< #swimming_kick ;
#wn00409590|scissors_kick (^a kick used in the sidestroke; legs are brought together in a scissoring motion^)
< #swimming_kick ;
#wn00409748|thrash (^a swimming kick used while treading water^)
< #swimming_kick ;
#wn00409861|treading_water (^a stroke that keeps the head above water by thrashing the legs and arms^)
< #swimming_stroke ,
p #thrash ;
#wn00410012|snap__cinch__picnic__duck_soup__child's_play__pushover__walkover__piece_of_cake (^any activity that is easy to do; "marketing this product will be no picnic"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00410220|work (^activity directed toward making or doing something; "she checked several points needing further work"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00410822|job.work (^a damaging piece of work: "dry rot did the job of destroying the barn"; "the barber did a real job on my hair"^)
< #work ;
#wn00410982|job (^the performance of a piece of work; "she did an outstanding job as Ophelia"; "he gave it up as a bad job"^)
< #work ;
#wn00411137|operation.work__procedure (^a process or series of acts especially of a practical or mechanical nature involved in a particular form of work: "the operations in building a house"; "certain machine tool operations"^)
< #work ;
#wn00411390|deeds__works (^performance of moral or religious acts; "salvation by deeds" or "the reward for good works"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00411541|service (^work done by one person or group that benefits another; "budget separately for goods and services"^)
< #work ;
#wn00411729|facility.service (^a service that an organization or a piece of equipment offers you; "a cell phone with internet facility"^)
< #service ;
#wn00411888|laundering (^washing clothes and bed linens^)
< #lavation ;
#wn00411975|shining__polishing (^the work of making something shine by polishing it; "the shining of shoes provided a meager living"^)
< #work ;
#wn00412158|shoeshine (^the act of shining shoes; "he charged a dollar for a shoeshine"^)
< #shining ;
#wn00412277|utility (^the service provided by a utility company; "the cost of utilities never decreases"^)
< #service ;
#wn00412413|service.activity (^(common law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him^)
< #activity ;
#wn00412671|socage (^land tenure by agricultural service or payment of rent; not burdened with military service^)
< #service.activity ;
#wn00412814|military_service (^land tenure by service in the lord's army^)
< #service.activity ;
#wn00412918|knight's_service (^land tenure by service to the lord as a knight^)
< #service.activity ;
#wn00413027|heavy_lifting (^(informal) difficult work; "the boss hoped the plan would succeed but he wasn't willing to do the heavy lifting"^)
< #work ;
#wn00413199|housewifery (^the work of a housewife^)
< #work ;
#wn00413280|housework__housekeeping (^the work of cleaning and running a house^)
< #work ;
#wn00413391|ironing (^the work of ironing washed clothes^)
< #work ;
#wn00413479|workload (^work that a person is expected to do in a specified time^)
< #employment ;
#wn00413608|case_load (^the number of cases handled in a given period of time (as by a court or agency)^)
< #workload ;
#wn00413743|piecework (^work paid for according to the quantity produced^)
< #employment ;
#wn00413847|busywork__make-work (^active work of little value; "while he was waiting he filled the days with busywork"^)
< #work ;
#wn00413998|logging (^the work of cutting down trees for timber^)
< #work ;
#wn00414093|loose_end__unfinished_business (^work that is left incomplete^)
< #work ;
#wn00414199|nightwork (^work to be done at night^)
< #work ;
#wn00414279|paperwork (^work that involves handling papers: forms or letters or reports etc.^)
< #work ;
#wn00414403|welfare_work__social_service (^an organized activity to improve the condition of disadvantaged people in society^)
< #work ;
#wn00414596|line_of_work__occupation__business__job__line (^the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money; "he's not in my line of business"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00415040|occupation (^any activity that occupies a person's attention; "he missed the bell in his occupation with the computer game"^)
< #activity ;
#wn00415207|biz__game (^informal terms for your occupation; "he's in the plumbing game"; "she's in show biz"^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00415348|career__calling__vocation (^the particular occupation for which you are trained^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00415545|work_specialty__specialty__specialization__specialisation__speciality__specialism (^$("work_specialty" added as key)$ the special line of work you have adopted as your career; "his specialization is gastroenterology"^)
< #career ;
#wn00415759|specialization__specialisation (^the act of specializing; making something suitable for a special purpose^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00415909|spiritualization__spiritualisation (^the act of making something spiritual; infusing it with spiritual content^)
< #change_of_state ;
#wn00416064|lifework (^the principal work of your career^)
< #career ;
#wn00416152|walk_of_life__walk (^careers in general; "it happens in all walks of life"^)
< #career ;
#wn00416271|employment__work (^the occupation for which you are paid; "he is looking for employment"; "a lot of people are out of work"^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00416601|job.responsibility (^the responsibility to do something; "it is their job to print the truth"^)
< #responsibility ;
#wn00416723|service.employment (^employment in or work for another; "he retired after 30 years of service"^)
< #employment ;
#wn00416850|telecommuting__teleworking (^employment at home while communicating with the workplace by phone or fax or modem^)
< #employment ;
#wn00417006|services (^performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others; "the mayor tried to maintain city services"; "the medical services are excellent"^)
< #employment ;
#wn00417237|facility__facilities (^$('<' #services replaced by pm#thing_that_can_be_seen_as_a_relation; "facilities" added as name)$ services and space and equipment provided for a particular purpose; "catering facilities"; "toilet facilities"^);
#wn00417402|public_service (^employment within a government system (especially in civil service)^)
< #employment ;
#wn00417548|minister.job (^$("minister.job" set as key)$ (British) the job of a head of a government department^)
< #public_service ;
#wn00417675|cabinet_minister.job (^$("cabinet_minister.job" set as key)$ (British) the job of a senior minister who is a member of the British cabinet^)
< #minister.job ;
#wn00418022|appointment.line_of_work (^the job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed; "he applied for an appointment in the treasury"^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00418179|berth__position__post__office__spot__place__situation (^a job in an organization; "he occupied a post in the treasury"^)
< #line_of_work ;
#wn00419985|academicianship (^the position of member of an honorary academy^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420092|accountantship (^the position of accountant^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420179|admiralty (^the office of admiral^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420256|ambassadorship (^the post of ambassador^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420339|apostleship (^the position of apostle^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420420|apprenticeship (^the position of apprentice^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420507|attorneyship (^the position of attorney^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420590|bailiffship (^the office of bailiff^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420669|bishopry (^the office of bishop^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420744|cadetship (^the position of cadet^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420821|caliphate (^the office of a caliph^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420899|captainship__captaincy (^the post of captain^)
< #berth ;
#wn00420988|cardinalship (^the office of cardinal^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421069|chairmanship (^the position of chairman^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421152|chancellorship (^the office of chancellor^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421237|chaplaincy__chaplainship (^the position of chaplain^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421333|chieftaincy__chieftainship (^the position of chieftain^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421432|clerkship (^the job of clerk^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421504|commandership (^the position of commander^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421589|comptrollership (^the position of comptroller^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421678|consulship (^the post of consul^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421753|controllership (^the position of controller^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421840|councillorship__councilorship (^the position of council member^)
< #berth ;
#wn00421947|counselorship__counsellorship (^the position of counselor^)
< #berth ;
#wn00422049|curacy (^the position of a curate^)
< #berth ;
#wn00422126|curatorship (^the position of curator^)
< #berth ;
#wn00422207|custodianship (^the position of custodian^)
< #berth ;
#wn00422292|deanship__deanery (^the position or office of a dean^)
< #berth ;
#wn00422389|directorship (^the position of a director o